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| 1 | Terrestrial vegetation carbon sinks in China,1981―2000显示文摘Using China's ground observations, e.g., forest inventory, grassland resource, agricultural statistics, climate, and satellite data, we estimate terrestrial vegetation carbon sinks for China's major biomes between 1981 and 2000. The main results are in the following: (1) Forest area and forest biomass car- bon (C) stock increased from 116.5×106 ha and 4.3 Pg C (1 Pg C = 1015 g C) in the early 1980s to 142.8×106 ha and 5.9 Pg C in the early 2000s, respectively. Forest biomass carbon density increased form 36.9 Mg C/ha (1 Mg C = 106 g C) to 41.0 Mg C/ha, with an annual carbon sequestration rate of 0.075 Pg C/a. Grassland, shrub, and crop biomass sequestrate carbon at annual rates of 0.007 Pg C/a, 0.014― 0.024 Pg C/a, and 0.0125―0.0143 Pg C/a, respectively. (2) The total terrestrial vegetation C sink in China is in a range of 0.096―0.106 Pg C/a between 1981 and 2000, accounting for 14.6%―16.1% of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted by China's industry in the same period. In addition, soil carbon sink is estimated at 0.04―0.07 Pg C/a. Accordingly, carbon sequestration by China's terrestrial ecosystems (vegetation and soil) offsets 20.8%―26.8% of its industrial CO2 emission for the study period. (3) Considerable uncertainties exist in the present study, especially in the estimation of soil carbon sinks, and need further intensive investigation in the future. | FANG JingYun GUO ZhaoDi PIAO ShiLong CHEN AnPing | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，9： | 188 |
| 2 | Prediction of carbon exchanges between China terrestrial ecosystem and atmosphere in 21st century显示文摘The projected changes in carbon exchange between China terrestrial ecosystem and the atmosphere and vegetation and soil carbon storage during the 21st century were investigated using an atmos-phere-vegetation interaction model (AVIM2). The results show that in the coming 100 a, for SRES B2 scenario and constant atmospheric CO2 concentration, the net primary productivity (NPP) of terrestrial ecosystem in China will be decreased slowly, and vegetation and soil carbon storage as well as net ecosystem productivity (NEP) will also be decreased. The carbon sink for China terrestrial ecosystem in the beginning of the 20th century will become totally a carbon source by the year of 2020, while for B2 scenario and changing atmospheric CO2 concentration, NPP for China will increase continuously from 2.94 GtC·a?1 by the end of the 20th century to 3.99 GtC·a?1 by the end of the 21st century, and vegetation and soil carbon storage will increase to 110.3 GtC. NEP in China will keep rising during the first and middle periods of the 21st century, and reach the peak around 2050s, then will decrease gradually and approach to zero by the end of the 21st century. | JI JinJun HUANG Mei LI KeRang | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，6： | 48 |
| 3 | 1980s-2010s中国陆地生态系统土壤碳储量的变化(英文)显示文摘Soil stores a large amount of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon(C) and plays an important role in maintaining global C balance. However, very few studies have addressed the regional patterns of soil organic carbon(SOC) storage and the main factors influencing its changes in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems, especially using field measured data. In this study, we collected information on SOC storage in main types of ecosystems(including forest, grassland, cropland, and wetland) across 18 regions in China during the 1980 s(from the Second National Soil Survey of China, SNSSC) and the 2010 s(from studies published between 2004 and 2014), and evaluated its changing trends during these 30 years. The SOC storage(0–100 cm) in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems was 83.46 ± 11.89 Pg C in the 1980 s and 86.50 ± 8.71 Pg C in the 2010 s, and the net increase over the 30 years was 3.04 ± 1.65 Pg C, with an overall rate of 0.101 ± 0.055 Pg C yr^(–1). This increase was mainly observed in the topsoil(0–20 cm). Forests, grasslands, and croplands SOC storage increased 2.52 ± 0.77, 0.40 ± 0.78, and 0.07 ± 0.31 Pg C, respectively, which can be attributed to the several ecological restoration projects and agricultural practices implemented. On the other hand, SOC storage in wetlands declined 0.76 ± 0.29 Pg C, most likely because of the decrease of wetland area and SOC density. Combining these results with those of vegetation C sink(0.100 Pg C yr^(–1)), the net C sink in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems was about 0.201 ± 0.061 Pg C yr^(–1), which can offset 14.85%–27.79% of the fossil fuel C emissions from the 1980 s to the 2010 s. These first estimates of soil C sink based on field measured data supported the premise that China's terrestrial ecosystems have a large C sequestration potential, and further emphasized the importance of forest protection and reforestation to increase SOC storage capacity. | 徐丽 于贵瑞 何念鹏 | 2019 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2019，29，1： | 25 |
| 4 | Patterns of shrub species richness and abundance in relation to environmental factors on the Alxa Plateau:Prerequisites for conserving shrub diversity in extreme arid desert regions显示文摘Shrub species are considered the dominant plants in arid desert ecosystems,unlike in semiarid steppe zones or in grassland ecosystems.On the Alxa Plateau,northern China,sparse vegetation with cover ranging from 15% to 30% is characterized mainly by multifarious shrubs because herbaceous species are strongly restricted by the extreme drought climate,wind erosion,overgrazing and sand burial.Patterns in shrub species richness and species abundance in relation to environmental conditions were examined by DCA(detrended correspondence analysis) and interpreted by a biplot.The rela-tionships between species diversity and environmental factors were examined using regression analyses.Our results show that the distributions of the shrub species in response to environmental conditions can be grouped into four ecological types,corresponding with the biological traits of the shrubs and their responses to the gradients of soil texture and soil water content.Patterns in species richness and species abundance were mainly determined by the deeper soil water content,instead of the soil texture as hypothesized by numerous studies in semiarid grasslands.With exception of the deeper soil water content,soil organic matter and total N content were positively correlated with species abundance,while pH was negatively correlated with it.These findings imply that it is vital for cur-rent shrub diversity conservation to reduce agricultural water use in the middle reaches of the Heihe River,which supplies water for the lower reaches in the western parts of the plateau,and to reduce the amount of groundwater exploitation and urban and oasis water use,to increase the water supply from Helan Mountain to the eastern desert of the Alxa Plateau. | XinRong Li HuiJuan Tan MingZhu He XinPing Wang XiaoJun Li | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，5： | 17 |
| 5 | Assessing the Dynamics of Grassland Net Primary Productivity in Response to Climate Change at the Global Scale显示文摘Understanding the net primary productivity(NPP) of grassland is crucial to evaluate the terrestrial carbon cycle. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution and the area of global grassland across the globe. Then, we used the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach(CASA) model to estimate global grassland NPP and explore the spatio-temporal variations of grassland NPP in response to climate change from 1982 to 2008. Results showed that the largest area of grassland distribution during the study period was in Asia(1737.23 × 104 km^2), while the grassland area in Europe was relatively small(202.83 × 10~4 km^2). Temporally, the total NPP increased with fluctuations from 1982 to 2008, with an annual increase rate of 0.03 Pg C/yr. The total NPP experienced a significant increasing trend from 1982 to 1995, while a decreasing trend was observed from 1996 to 2008. Spatially, the grassland NPP in South America and Africa were higher than the other regions, largely as a result of these regions are under warm and wet climatic conditions. The highest mean NPP was recorded for savannas(560.10 g C/(m^2·yr)), whereas the lowest was observed in open shrublands with an average NPP of 162.53 g C/(m^2·yr). The relationship between grassland NPP and annual mean temperature and annual precipitation(AMT, AP, respectively) varies with changes in AP, which indicates that, grassland NPP is more sensitive to precipitation than temperature. | LIU Yangyang YANG Yue WANG Qian KHALIFA Muhammad ZHANG Zhaoying TONG Linjing LI Jianlong SHI Aiping | 2019 | Chinese Geographical Science2019，29，5： | 12 |
| 6 | Mitigation Options for Methane, Nitrous Oxide and NitricOxide Emissions from Agricultural Ecosystems显示文摘An experimental study on mitigation of greenhouse gas (CH4, N2O and NO) emission has been conducted in a typical cropping system of Southeast China for 4 years. By simultaneous measurement. the CH4. N2O and NO emission fluxes from rice-wheat rotation fields, effects of fertilization. water management. temperature and soil moisture were investigated. Temperature, fertilization and water status were found to be the key factors to regulate CH4, N2O and NO emissions. Based on the experimental results, some agricultural measures were recommended as technical options to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from rice-wheat rotation ecosystems. These mitigation measures are reducing mineral N input. coupling organic manure with chemical fertilizers, applying fertilizers which release available N slowly during periods with intensive plant activity, and applying dry fermented organic manure and well management of water and fertilizer. | 郑循华 王明星 王跃思 沈壬兴 李晶 J.Heyer M.Koegge H.Papen 金继生 李老土 | 2000 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2000，17，1： | 11 |
| 7 | The Impact of Global Warming on Russia's Ecological Environment显示文摘The Russian ecosystem is a complex consisting of the Arctic marine ecosystem,the tundra,forest,steppe,mountain and island ecosystems,as well as the terrestrial and water ecosystems,the spatial ecosystem,the atmospheric ecosystem,the soil ecosystem,etc.Rather than being independent,these ecosystems are interactive.Global warming,so destructive to the global ecosystem,particularly affects Russia due to the country’s unique geographical position.It is a double-edged sword for the Russian ecosystem;it does have some beneficial effects,but on the whole,its negative consequences outweigh the benefits.Specific negative effects are the decrease in the Arctic sea ice,the increase in carbon emissions,the lessening of biodiversity,an increase in forest pests and diseases,the spread of contagious diseases,the frequency of forest fires,changes in the habitat conditions of biological species,and environmental degradation.In recent years,coping with these negative effects has become a major challenge for Russia’s sustainable development.Therefore,Russia is actively participating in international cooperation to deal with global warming and is optimizing the relevant domestic mechanisms.To ensure the stable and balanced development of society and the economy,Russia has been striving to reduce Russian greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent by 2030 compared to 1990,in order to further improve the country’s ecosystems. | Li Shuhua 黄德远 | 2021 | Social Sciences in China2021，42，4： | 7 |
| 8 | Methane emissions from wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau显示文摘The areal extent of cold freshwater wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is estimated at 0.133 × 106 km2, suggesting a significant methane potential. Methane fluxes from wet alpine meadows, peatlands, Hippuris vulgaris mires and secondary marshes were 43.18, 12.96, -0.28 and 45.90 mgf33m-2f33d-1, respectively based on the transect flux studies at the Huashixia Permafrost Station (HPS) from July to August 1996. Average CH4 fluxes in the | Nakano Tomoko | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，24： | 6 |
| 9 | 中国南海南科1井新近纪-第四纪生物礁磁性地层年代学显示文摘The tropical reef ecosystems are created by living organisms,such as corals and algae,and provide important habitats for millions of people and a variety of marine life,which have been severely threatened by climate changes over the past decades[1].These biogenic reefs account for a quarter of global CaCO_(3)production and thus are critical to global carbon cycling[2,3]. | 易亮 邓成龙 颜文 吴海斌 张春霞 徐维海 苏翔 贺怀宇 郭正堂 | 2021 | Science Bulletin2021，66，3： | 4 |
| 10 | Coastal blue carbon ecosystems in China显示文摘1.What are blue carbon ecosystems?Coastal blue carbon ecosystems(BCEs)consists of salt marshes,mangroves,and seagrass bed.Its function as carbon(C)sink is an important pathway to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration and mitigate global change.Coastal wetlands have a great carbon sequestration capacity. | Fa-ming Wang Jing-fan Zhang Si-yuan Ye Ji-hua Liu | 2022 | China Geology2022，5，1： | 4 |
| 11 | Ecological pressures on grassland ecosystems and their conservation strategies in Northern China显示文摘In this study,we identified ecological pressures on grassland ecosystems and adaptive countermeasures in Northern China.Our research revealed that the main sources of these pressures included population growth,economic development,resources exploitation,and global climate change,with human-related activities being overriding factors.Overgrazing was an important reason for grassland imbalance,causing soil erosion and desertification,especially during the sensitive spring greening phase.In steppe zones,commercial coal mining was destructive to the ecological environment.Regarding long-term strategies,we recommend that policy-makers devote more consideration to a new conceptual approach for transforming grasslands through shifting the focus from die grassland's traditional production functions to meir ecological functions.Applying this concept,adaptive countermeasures should be developed to reduce human impacts based on the environmental capacities of grasslands.Moreover,we recommend the development of environment-friendly industries and reduction of pressures from human activities as effective measures for maintaining the balance between sustainable economic development and grassland conservation.Lastly,we suggest that restoration of degraded grasslands should conform to the principle of natural vegetation to further improve the ecological adaptability of plants and ecosystem stability.This study is expected to provide scientific support for policy-makers engaged in grassland protection. | Zhirong Zheng Chaoyang Feng Shengxing Ye Zhaoyan Diao Shihai Lü | 2015 | Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment2015，13，1： | 4 |
| 12 | From fluvial dynamics to eco-fluvial dynamics显示文摘Sediment plays a very important role in the functioning of river ecosystems.It is the basic substance for the survival of benthic animals and aquatic plants.On the other hand,the growth of biofilms and biodisturbance of benthos affect the sediment transport characteristics.With the increasing attention to protect aquatic ecosystems,the importance of habitats has become increasingly researched.The need to study the interactions among sediment,flow,riverbed deformation,and aquatic ecosystems naturally leads to the proposed discipline of eco-fluvial dynamics.In this paper,the basic concept and main research content of eco-fluvial dynamics is introduced with the Yarlung Tsangpo River as the research example.This case study is an example of an aquatic ecosystem in an ever-changing environment because of the effects of climate change.The results of analysis of eco-fluvial dynamics will provide a scientific basis for decision support for the government. | Guojian He Hongwei Fang Jianyu Wang Tao Zhang | 2019 | International Journal of Sediment Research2019，34，6： | 4 |
| 13 | Early Paleogene Arctic terrestrial ecosystems affected by the change of polar hydrology under global warming:Implications for modern climate change at high latitudes显示文摘Our understanding of both the role and impact of Arctic environmental changes under the current global warming climate is rather limited despite efforts of improved monitoring and wider assessment through remote sensing technology. Changes of Arctic ecosystems under early Paleogene warming climate provide an analogue to evaluate long-term responses of Arctic environmental alteration to global warming. This study reviews Arctic terrestrial ecosystems and their transformation under marked change of hydrological conditions during the warmest period in early Cenozoic, the Paleocene and Eocene. We describe a new approach to quantitatively reconstruct high latitudinal paleohydrology using compound-specific hydrogen isotope analysis which applies empirically derived genus-specific hydrogen isotope fractionations to in situ biomolecules from fossil plants. We propose a moisture recycling model at the Arctic to explain the reconstructed hydrogen isotope signals of ancient high latitude precipitation during early Paleogene, which bears implications to the likely change of modern Arctic ecosystems under the projected accelerated global warming. | Gaytha A. LANGLOIS | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，7： | 3 |
| 14 | 青藏高原冷湿地生态系统CH4排放量估算(英文) | 金会军 吴杰 程国栋 孙广友 | 1999 | 冰川冻土1999，21，4： | 3 |
| 15 | Chemical and spectroscopic characterization of humic substances from sediment and riparian soil of a highly polluted urban river (Suquía River, Cordoba, Argentina)显示文摘The Suquía River,the largest urban river in C ordoba(Argentina),has been severely polluted for decades.Actions must be taken to restore its environmental quality by managing riparian zones for increased water-self purification.The current study aimed to characterize organic matter(OM)dynamics and humic substances(HS)spectrochemical properties along the lower-middle basin of the Suquía River.Riparian soil(0e20 cm)and sediment(0e10 cm)samples were collected from a reference location(S1)and four polluted sites(S2eS5)during a low-flow period.The contents of soil and sedimentary OM and HS fractions were analyzed by wet oxidation,as well as HS Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)and ultravioletevisible(UVeVis)spectrochemical properties.The OM and HS fractions from riparian soil were high upstream of C ordoba City(S1 and S2,50.2e50.4 g/kg OM)and within a 50 km downstream location(S5,30.9 g/kg OM)owing to a surplus of fresh plant biomass-carbon(C)inputs.Highly heterogeneous sediment samples did not show any significant differences among sites(P>0.05).The lowest values of the ratio of absorbances at 465 and 665 nm(E4/E6)(1.78)and the Δ log K(0.15)coefficient(a measure of HS maturity degree)were obtained downstream of C ordoba City,for both riparian soil and sediment,indicating that HS were enriched by more condensed aromatic structures within highly degraded portions of the river.All samples exhibited similar IR spectra,implying overlapping recalcitrant-C structures at the functional group level,but with different absorbance intensity.Data from the current study constitute a baseline for understanding the chemical nature of HS from sediment and riparian soil along the Suquía River and can be used as a reference for future studies tracking OM compositional changes over time. | Carolina Merlo Carolina Vázquez Ana Graciela Iriarte Carlos Matías Romero | 2020 | International Journal of Sediment Research2020，35，3： | 3 |
| 16 | Variations in sap flow of Zenia insignis under different rock bareness rate in North Guangdong,China显示文摘Understanding the impact of rock bareness on the transpiration in karst plants is essential to karst rocky desertification control and sustainable management of plantation in karst area.This study focused on the variations in sap flow of Zenia insignis caused by different rock bareness rate,and the impact of climate factors,soil water content(SWC)and leaf area index(LAI) on transpiration in karst plants,by continuously measuring sap flux densities (Fcd)of 12 sample trees using thermal dissipation probes and monitoring micrometeorology and SwC on a typical karst hill in north Guangdong of China during the year of 2016.Results show that:(1)the maximum hourly sap flux density occurred at11:00-14:00 and the peak daily sap flux density occurred in September.(2)Sap flow density of Zenia insignis increased with rock bareness rate at all hourly,daily and monthly scales,with the sequence of extremely severe>severe>moderate>mild rock bareness.(3)The transpiration of Zenia insi.gnis is controlled by different factors at different temporalscales.At hourly scale,transpiration was highly(n=144,R^2>0.72)correlated to Solar radiation(Rs),Air temperature(Ta),relative humidity(RH),and water vapor pressure deficit(VPD).At daily scale,transpiration was greatly(n=366,R2>0.31)affected by Solar radiation(Rs),Air temperature(Ta),and water vapor pressure deficit (VPD).While at monthly scale,transpiration was mainly(n=12,R^2=0.85)controlled by LAI.Our study proved that Zenia insi.gnis has a good physiecological adaption to fragile karst environment,and Zenia insignis plantation has long-term sustainability even in extremely rocky landscapes.The results may provide scientific basis for plantation management and ecological restoration in karst area. | LI Hui-xia ZHOU Hong-yi WEI Xing-hu LU Nan LIANG Zhao-xiong | 2019 | Journal of Mountain Science2019，16，10： | 2 |
| 17 | Restore or retreat? Saltwater intrusion and water management in coastal wetlands显示文摘Coastal wetlands perform a unique set of physical,chemical,and biological functions,which provide billions of dollars of ecosystem services annually.These wetlands also face myriad environmental and anthropogenic pressures,which threaten their ecological condition and undermine their capacity to provide these services.Coastal wetlands have adapted to a dynamic range of natural disturbances over recent millennia,but face growing pressures from human population growth and coastal development.These anthropogenic pressures are driving saltwater intrusion(SWI)in many coastal systems.The position of coastal wetlands at the terrestrial-marine interface also makes them vulnerable to increasing rates of sealevel rise and changing climate.Critically,anthropogenic and natural stressors to coastal wetlands can act synergistically to create negative,and sometimes catastrophic,consequences for both human and natural systems.This review focused on the drivers and impacts of SWI in coastal wetlands and has two goals:(1)to synthesize understanding of coastal wetland change driven by SWI and(2)to review approaches for improved water management to mitigate SWI in impacted systems.While we frame this review as a choice between restoration and retreat,we acknowledge that choices about coastal wetland management are context-specific and may be confounded by competing management goals.In this setting,the choice between restoration and retreat can be prioritized by identifying where the greatest return in ecosystem services can be achieved relative to restoration dollars invested.We conclude that restoration and proactive water management is feasible in many impacted systems. | Elliott White,Jr. David Kaplan | 2017 | Ecosystem Health and Sustainability2017，3，1： | 2 |
| 18 | Changes in stress within grassland ecosystems in the three counties of the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers显示文摘Based on a database of more than 40 years of second production process and energy flow records for Maduo,Qumalai and Yushu counties,a dynamic model of the stress within grassland ecosys-tems was established using a nonlinear regression method for this source regions of the Yangtze and Yel-low Rivers.The results show that dynamic curves of stress within grassland ecosystems in the three coun-ties were in the shape of an inverted 'U' during the period 1965-2007.It also revealed that the variation in actual amount of livestock inventories reflected the general trends of the stress within the grassland eco-systems in the source regions,although there were many other factors for the increase or reduction in grassland ecosystem stress. | Fang, YiPing Qin, DaHe Ding, YongJian | 2010 | Journal of Arid Land2010，2，2： | 2 |
| 19 | The Nature-Based Ecological Engineering Paradigm: Symbiosis, Coupling, and Coordination显示文摘1.Introduction We are currently facing three major ecological threats on a global scale:biodiversity loss,climate change,and environmental pollution exacerbation.The degradation of terrestrial and marine ecosystems poses a major risk to human survival and development,brings serious impacts to the wellbeing of 3.2 billion people,and causes the loss of about 10%of the annual global gross domestic product(GDP)[1,2].Meanwhile,the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic is still spreading rapidly throughout the world,showing that the present relationship between humans and nature is unsustainable.It is necessary to protect nature so as to maintain the self-resilience of ecosystems. | Xiahui Wang Jinnan Wang Bo Wang Benjamin Burkhard Lulu Che Chao Dai Lijie Zheng | 2022 | Engineering2022，，12： | 2 |
| 20 | Ecosystem service availability in view of long-term land-use changes:a regional case study in the Czech Republic显示文摘This study aims to analyze how changes in land use influenced the delivery of ecosystem services in Cezava,a South Moravian agricultural region in the Czech Republic,in the period of 1845–2010.An observation of this period covering more than 160 years made it possible to reflect on social forces driving processes of transformation in the country.To capture the landscape multifunctionality and to indicate the environmental quality of the area under study,seven services provided in parallel by arable land,forests,and bodies of water were studied.The quantification of ecosystem services is based primarily on the transfer of values from the existing literature and on chronicle reviews and map analysis.Because looking back to the more distant past is a challenge and reliable information resources are lacking,a simple scoring method defining the functional features of the ecosystems was applied in order to evaluate the change of qualitative characteristics of the observed ecosystems.Besides that,the findings of these integrated assessments were supported by an analysis performed using landscape metrics.A comparison of service provision over the decades revealed that regulating and cultural services were significantly reduced,while provisioning services increased due to the proliferation of arable land,land consolidation,and agricultural intensification.However,a trend of improvement in the delivery of ecosystem services was introduced after 1990.Despite several uncertainties,this study demonstrates that it is possible to analyze long-term land-use trends to generate more meaningful,spatially explicit information,which can form the basis for landscape planning and ecosystem management. | Jana Frelichova Josef Fanta | 2015 | Ecosystem Health and Sustainability2015，1，10： | 2 |
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