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| 1 | Diagnosis and management of insulinoma显示文摘Insulinomas,the most common cause of hypoglycemia related to endogenous hyperinsulinism,occur in 1-4 people per million of the general population.Common autonomic symptoms of insulinoma include diaphroresis,tremor,and palpitations,whereas neuroglycopenenic symptoms include confusion,behavioural changes,personality changes,visual disturbances,seizure,and coma.Diagnosis of suspected cases is based on standard endocrine tests,especially the prolonged fasting test.Non-invasive imaging procedures,such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging,are used when a diagnosis of insulinoma has been made to localize the source of pathological insulin secretion.Invasive modalities,such as endoscopic ultrasonography and arterial stimulation venous sampling,are highly accurate in the preoperative localization of insulinomas and have frequently been shown to be superior to noninvasive localization techniques.The range of techniques available for the localization of insulinomas means thatblind resection can be avoided.Intraoperative manual palpation of the pancreas by an experienced surgeon and intraoperative ultrasonography are both sensitive methods with which to finalize the location of insulinomas.A high proportion of patients with insulinomas can be cured with surgery.In patients with malignant insulinomas,an aggressive medical approach,including extended pancreatic resection,liver resection,liver transplantation,chemoembolization,or radiofrequency ablation,is recommended to improve both survival and quality of life.In patients with unresectable or uncontrollable insulinomas,such as malignant insulinoma of the pancreas,several techniques should be considered,including administration of ocreotide and/or continuous glucose monitoring,to prevent hypoglycemic episodes and to improve quality of life. | Takehiro Okabayashi Yasuo Shima Tatsuaki Sumiyoshi Akihito Kozuki Satoshi Ito Yasuhiro Ogawa Michiya Kobayashi Kazuhiro Hanazaki | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，6： | 78 |
| 2 | Regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in health and disease显示文摘Glucose and fatty acids are the major sources of energy for human body. Cholesterol, the most abundant sterol in mammals, is a key component of cell membranes although it does not generate ATP. The metabolisms of glucose, fatty acids and cholesterol are often intertwined and regulated. For example, glucose can be converted to fatty acids and cholesterol through de novo lipid biosynthesis pathways. Excessive lipids are secreted in lipoproteins or stored in lipid droplets. The metabolites of glucose and lipids are dynamically transported intercellularly and intracellularly, and then converted to other molecules in specific compartments. The disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism result in severe diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes and fatty liver. This review summarizes the major metabolic aspects of glucose and lipid, and their regulations in the context of physiology and diseases. | Ligong Chen Xiao-Wei Chen Xun Huang Bao-Liang Song Yan Wang Yiguo Wang | 2019 | Science China(Life Sciences)2019，62，11： | 40 |
| 3 | Exercise guidelines for gestational diabetes mellitus显示文摘The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is increasing worldwide.This disease has many detrimental consequences for the woman,the unborn foetus and child.The management of GDM aims to mediate the effects of hyperglycaemia by controlling blood glucose levels.Along with pharmacology and dietary interventions,exercise has a powerful potential to assist with blood glucose control.Due to the uncertainty of risks and benefits of exercise during pregnancy,women tend to avoid exercise.However,under adequate supervision exercise is both safe and beneficial in the treatment of GDM.Therefore it is vital that exercise is incorporated into the continuum of care for women with GDM.Medical doctors should be able to refer to competently informed exercise professionals to aid in GDM treatment.It is important that exercise treatment is informed by research.Hence,the development of evidence-based guidelines is important to inform practice.Currently there are no guidelines for exercise in GDM.This review aims to assess the efficacy of exercise for the management of GDM in order to establish an exercise prescription guideline specific to the condition.It is recommended that women with GDM should do both aerobic and resistance exercise at a moderate intensity,a minimum of three times a week for 30-60min each time. | Cliantha Padayachee Jeff S Coombes | 2015 | World Journal of Diabetes2015，6，8： | 31 |
| 4 | Irritable bowel syndrome and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth:Meaningful association or unnecessary hype显示文摘Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a common condition characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort,bloating,and altered stool form and passage.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO)is a condition in which there is overgrowth of bacteria in small bowel in excess of 105colony forming units per milliliter on culture of the upper gut aspirate.Frequency of SIBO varied from 4%-78%among patients with IBS and from 1%-40%among controls.Higher frequency in some studies might be due to fallacious criteria[postlactulose breath-hydrogen rise 20 PPM above basal within 90 min(early-peak)].Glucose hydrogen breath test(GHBT)has a low sensitivity to diagnose SIBO.Hence,studies based on GHBT might have under-estimated frequency of SIBO.Therefore,it is important to analyze these studies carefully to evaluate whether the reported association between IBS and SIBO is over or under-projected.This review evaluates studies on association between SIBO and IBS,discordance between different studies,their strength and weakness including methodological issues and evidence on therapeutic manipulation of gut flora on symptoms of IBS. | Uday C Ghoshal Deepakshi Srivastava | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，10： | 29 |
| 5 | Honey:its medicinal property and antibacterial activity显示文摘Indeed,medicinal importance of honey has been documented in the world's oldest medical literatures,and since the ancient times,it has been known to possess antimicrobial property as well as wound-healing activity.The healing property of honey is due to the fact that it offers antibacterial activity,maintains a moist wound condition,and its high viscosity helps to provide a protective barrier to prevent infection.Its immunomodulatory property is relevant to wound repair too.The antimicrobial activity in most honeys is due to the enzymatic production of hydrogen peroxide.However,another kind of honey,called non-peroxide honey(viz.,manuka honey),displays significant antibacterial effects even when the hydrogen peroxide activity is blocked.Its mechanism may be related to the low pH level of honey and its high sugar content(high osmolality) that is enough to hinder the growth of microbes.The medical grade honeys have potent in vitro bactericidal activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria causing several life-threatening infections to humans. But,there is a large variation in the antimicrobial activity of some natural honeys,which is due to spatial and temporal variation in sources of nectar.Thus,identification and characterization of the active principle(s) may provide valuable information on the quality and possible therapeutic potential of honeys(against several health disorders of humans),and hence we discussed the medicinal property of honeys with emphasis on their antibacterial activities. | Manisha Deb Mandal Shyamapada Mandal | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2011，1，2： | 26 |
| 6 | Dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ) reduction characteristics of paddy soil extract cultures treated with glucose or fatty acids显示文摘Dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ) reduction is a universal process with irreplaceable biological and environmental importance in anoxic environments. Our knowledge about Fe(Ⅲ) reduction predominantly comes from pure cultures of dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ) reducing bacteria (DFRB). The objective of this study was to compare the effects of glucose and a selection of short organic acids (citrate, succinate, pyruvate, propionate, acetate, and formate) on Fe(Ⅲ) reduction via the anaerobic culture of three paddy soil solutions with Fe(OH)3 as the sole electron acceptor. The results showed significant differences in Fe(Ⅲ) reduction among the three paddy soil solutions and substrate types. Bacteria from the Sichuan paddy soil responded quickly to substrate supply and showed higher Fe(Ⅲ) reducing activity than the other two soil types. Bacteria in the Jiangxi paddy soil culture solution could not use propionate as a source of electrons for Fe(Ⅲ) reduction. Similarly, bacteria in the Jilin paddy soil culture could not use succinate effectively. Pyruvate was readily used by cultures from all three paddy soil solutions, thus indicating that there were some similarities in substrate utilization by bacteria for Fe(Ⅲ) reduction. The use of glucose and citrate as substrate for dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ) reduction indicates important ecological implications for this type of anoxic respiration. | HE Jiangzhou1,2, QU Dong1, 1. College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.2. Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang 843300, China | 2008 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2008，20，9： | 24 |
| 7 | Antidiabetic and in vitro antioxidant potential of Hybanthus enneaspermus(Linn) F.Muell in streptozotocin—induced diabetic rats显示文摘Objective:To evaluate antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of Hybanthus enneaspermus in different models.Methods:The oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) and normoglycemic effect of alcoholic extract of Hybanthus enneaspermus(AHE) were evaluated at a dose of 125,250 and 500mg/kg p.o.while hypoglycemic activity and effect on body weight were tested at 250 and 500 mg/kg p.o.per day for 21 days in Streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats.Further,glucose uptake by hemidiaphram was also evaluated.The total polyphenolic and flavonoid were determined and their correlation with various antioxidant assays was also determined.Results:The results showed high level of phenolic content in AHE.AHE also exhibited higher total antioxidant capacity,good reducing power and a significant scavenger of reactive oxygen species like DPPH radical,nitric oxide,hydrogen peroxide and deoxyribose.Furthermore there was a significant increase in the body weight and decrease in the blood glucose level on treatment with the AHE.AHE increased glucose uptake on isolated rat hemi-diaphragm compared to control group.Conclusions:AHE reduce blood glucose level in STZ-induced diabetic model.It does not show significant effect in normoglycemic study but showes significant effect in OGT.AHE has significant antioxidant activity,which may be attributed to high phenolic content. | Patel DK Kumar R Prasad SK Sairam K Hemalatha S | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2011，1，4： | 22 |
| 8 | Metabolic consequences of Helicobacter pylori infection and eradication显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is still the most prevalent infection of the world.Colonization of the stomach by this agent will invariably induce chronic gastritis which is a low-grade inflammatory state leading to local complications(peptic ulcer,gastric cancer,lymphoma)and remote manifestations.While H.pylori does not enter circulation,these extragastric manifestations are probably mediated by the cytokines and acute phase proteins produced by the inflammed mucosa.The epidemiologic link between the H.pylori infection and metabolic changes is inconstant and controversial.Growth delay was described mainly in low-income regions with high prevalence of the infection,where probably other nutritional and social factors contribute to it.The timely eradication of the infection will lead to a more healthy development of the young population,along with preventing peptic ulcers and gastric cancer An increase of total,low density lipoprotein and high density liporotein cholesterol levels in some infected people creates an atherogenic lipid profile which could promote atherosclerosis with its complications,myocardial infarction,stroke and peripheral vascular disease.Well designed and adequately powered long-term studies are required to see whether eradication of the infection will prevent these conditions.In case of glucose metabolism,the most consistent association was found between H.pylori and insulin resistance:again,proof that eradication prevents this common metabolic disturbance is expected.The results of eradication with standard regimens in diabetics are significantly worse than in non-diabetic patients,thus,more active regimens must be found to obtain better results.Successful eradication itself led to an increase of body mass index and cholesterol levels in some populations,while in others no such changes were encountered.Uncertainities of the metabolic consequences of H.pylori infection must be clarified in the future. | Gy?rgy Miklós Buzás | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，18： | 20 |
| 9 | Resolution of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by rosuvastatin monotherapy in patients with metabolic syndrome显示文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of rosuvastatin monotherapy on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH). At present there is no effective treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or its advanced form NASH.METHODS: This prospective study included 20 biopsy proven patients with NASH, metabolic syndrome(Met S) and dyslipidaemia. Biochemical parameters of the blood of the patients and an ultrasonography of the liver were performed at baseline. Then patients receivedlifestyle advice and were treated for a 12 mo period with rosuvastatin(10 mg/d) monotherapy. Patients were re-evaluated during the study at 3 mo intervals, during which biochemical parameters of the blood were measured including liver enzymes. A repeat biopsy and ultrasonography of the liver were performed at the end of the study in all 20 patients. Changes in liver enzymes, fasting plasma glucose, serum creatinine, serum uric acid(SUA), high sensitivity C reactive protein(hs CRP) and lipid profile were assessed every 3 mo. The primary endpoint was the resolution of NASH and the secondary endpoints were the changes in liver enzyme and lipid values.RESULTS: The repeat liver biopsy and ultrasonography showed complete resolution of NASH in 19 patients, while the 20 th, which had no improvement but no deterioration either, developed arterial hypertension and substantial rise in triglyceride levels during the study, probably due to changes in lifestyle including alcohol abuse. Serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase were normalised by the 3rd treatment month(ANOVA P < 0.001), while alkaline phosphatase activities by the 6th treatment month(ANOVA, P = 0.01). Fasting plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin were significantly reduced(P < 0.001). Lipid values were normalised by the 3rd treatment month. No patient had Met S by the 9th treatment month. Body mass index and waist circumference remained unchanged during the study. Thus, changes in liver pathology and function should be attributed solely to rosuvastatin treatment. A limitation of the study is the absence of a control group.CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that rosuvastatin monotherapy could ameliorate biopsy proven NASH and resolve Met S within 12 mo. These effects and the reduction of fasting plasma glucose and SUA levels may reduce the risk of vascular and liver morbidity and mortality in NASH patients. These findings need confirmation in larger studies. | Konstantinos Kargiotis Vasilios G Athyros Olga Giouleme Niki Katsiki Evangelia Katsiki Panagiotis Anagnostis Chrysoula Boutari Michael Doumas Asterios Karagiannis Dimitri P Mikhailidis | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，25： | 18 |
| 10 | Glucose metabolism in gastric cancer:The cutting-edge显示文摘Glucose metabolism in gastric cancer cells differs from that of normal epithelial cells. Upregulated aerobic glycolysis(Warburg effect) in gastric cancer meeting the demands of cell proliferation is associated with genetic mutations, epigenetic modification and proteomic alteration. Understanding the mechanisms of aerobic glycolysis may contribute to our knowledge of gastric carcinogenesis. Metabolomic studies offer novel, convenient and practical tools in the search for new biomarkers for early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and chemosensitivity prediction of gastric cancer. Interfering with the process of glycolysis in cancer cells may provide a new and promising therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer. In this article, we present a brief review of recent studies of glucose metabolism in gastric cancer, with primary focus on the clinical applications of new biomarkers and their potential therapeutic role in gastric cancer. | Lian-Wen Yuan Hiroharu Yamashita Yasuyuki Seto | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，6： | 18 |
| 11 | Silymarin in non alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘AIM: This study was undertaken to evaluate the hepatic effects of silybum marianum on non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS: In 72 patients affected by NAFLD, main metabolic, hepatic and anti-inflammatory parameters were assayed after 3 mo of a restricted diet and before silymarin treatment (twice a day orally). The brightness of liver echography texture (hepatorenal ratio brightness) was also defined at same time. These evaluations were repeated after 6 mo of treatment. RESULTS: Serum levels of some metabolic and anti-inflammatory data nonsignificantly lowered after 6 mo of silymarin. On the contrary, Steato test, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were significantly (P < 0.001) reduced. Instead, the AST/ALT ratio unchanged. Finally, the hepatorenal brightness ratio, as an index of hepatic steatosis, significantly (P < 0.05) dropped. CONCLUSION: The obtained results indicate that silymarin appears to be effective to reduce the biochemical, inflammatory and ultrasonic indices of hepatic steatosis. Some parameters indicative of early stage of atherosclerosis were also lowered. | Fulvio Cacciapuoti Anna Scognamiglio Rossella Palumbo Raffaele Forte Federico Cacciapuoti | 2013 | World Journal of Hepatology2013，5，3： | 17 |
| 12 | 5-氟尿嘧啶为基础的联合化疗对结直肠癌患者血糖代谢的影响显示文摘目的:观察结直肠癌患者接受以5-氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil, 5-FU)为基础的联合化疗前和化疗期间血糖水平的变化,探讨5-FU与患者发生糖尿病(diabetes mellitus, DM)之间的关系.方法:采用回顾性方法分析97例接受含5-FU方案化疗的结直肠癌患者在化疗前和化疗期间空腹血糖的变化.结果: 剔除化疗前罹患DM的3例患者、空腹血糖受损的3例患者以及糖耐量异常的1例患者,对剩余的化疗前空腹血糖正常的90例患者进行分析.其中,化疗期间继发DM者5例(5/90,5.56%),继发空腹血糖损伤者16例(16/90,17.78%),继发糖耐量损伤者1例(1/90,1.11%).5例继发DM的患者在化疗前以及化疗期间出现继发DM时的平均空腹血糖分别为(4.95±0.31)和(12.20±6.23) mmol/L,化疗后空腹血糖水平明显高于化疗前空腹血糖水平(P<0.01);继发DM时的中位5-FU累积剂量为7 500 mg/m2,至DM时的中位化疗周期数为2个;其中4例患者有糖皮质激素注射史,继发DM时的中位地塞米松累积剂量为25 mg;继发DM患者中有1例死于DM酮症酸中毒.16例继发空腹血糖损伤的患者中,12例患者在化疗结束2~7个月后空腹血糖恢复至正常,其余4例仍维持空腹血糖损伤状态,短期随访无一例演变为DM.结论:以5-FU为基础的化疗可诱使结直肠癌患者继发DM,甚至可引起DM酮症酸中毒.部分患者出现一过性空腹血糖受损. | 冯觉平 方静 袁响林 李敏 王亚萍 骆曼 | 2010 | 肿瘤2010，30，10： | 15 |
| 13 | Curcumin attenuates Nrf2 signaling defect, oxidative stress in muscle and glucose intolerance in high fat diet-fed mice显示文摘AIM: To investigate the signaling mechanism of antioxidative action by curcumin and its impact on glucose disposal. METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with either a normal diet (n = 10) or a high fat diet (HFD) (n = 20) to induce obesity and insulin resistance. After 16 wk, 10 HFD-fed mice were further treated with daily curcumin oral gavage at the dose of 50 mg/kg body weight (BW) (HFD + curcumin group). After 15 d of the curcumin supplementation, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed. Fasting blood samples were also collected for insulin and glucose measurements. Insulin-sensitive tissues, including muscle, adipose tissue and the liver, were isolated for the assessments of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS)and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) signaling. RESULTS: We show here that in a HFD mouse model, short-term curcumin gavage attenuated glucose intolerance without affecting HFD-induced BW gain. Curcumin also attenuated HFD-induced elevations of MDA and ROS in the skeletal muscle, particularly in its mitochondrial fraction, but it had no such an effect in either adipose tissue or the liver of HFD-fed mice. Correspondingly, in skeletal muscle, the levels of total or nuclear content of Nrf2, as well as its downstream target, heme oxygenase-1, were reduced by HFD-feeding. Curcumin intervention dramatically reversed these defects in Nrf2 signaling. Further analysis of the relationship of oxidative stress with glucose level by a regression analysis showed a positive and significant correlation between the area under the curve of a glucose tolerance test with MDA levels either in muscle or muscular mitochondria. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the shortterm treatment of curcumin in HFD-fed mice effectively ameliorates muscular oxidative stress by activating Nrf2 function that is a novel mechanism for its effect in improving glucose intolerance. | Hui-Jun He Guo-Yu Wang Yuan Gao Wen-Hua Ling Zhi-Wen Yu Tian-Ru Jin | 2012 | World Journal of Diabetes2012，3，5： | 15 |
| 14 | An overview on antidiabetic medicinal plants having insulin mimetic property显示文摘Diabetes mellitus is one of the common metabolic disorders acquiring around 2.8%of the world's population and is anticipated to cross 5.4%by the year 2025.Since long back herbal medicines have been the highly esteemed source of medicine therefore,they have become a growing part of modern,high-tech medicine.In view of the above aspects the present review provides profiles of plants(65 species) with hypoglycaemic properties,available through literature source from various database with proper categorization according to the parts used,mode of reduction in blood glucose(insulinomimetic or insulin secretagugues activity) and active phyloconsliluents having insulin mimetics activity.From the review it was suggested that,plant showing hypoglycemic potential mainly belongs to the family Leguminoseae,Lamiaceae,Liliaceae,Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae,Moraceae,Rosaceae and Araliaceae.The most active plants are Allium sativum. Gymnema sylvestre,Citrullus colocynthis,Trigonella foenum greacum,Momordica charantia and Ficuts bengalensis.The review describes some new bioactive drugs and isolated compounds from plants such as roseoside,epigallocatechin gallate,beta-pyrazol-1-ylalanine,cinchonain Ib,leucocyandin 3-O-beta-d-galactosyl cellobioside,leucopelargonidin-3- O-alpha-L rhamuoside,glycyrrhetinic acid,dehydrotrametenolic acid,strictinin,isostrictinin,pedunculagin, epicatechin and christinin-A showing significant insulinomimetic and antidiabetic activity with more efficacy than conventional hypoglycaemic agents.Thus,from the review majorly,the antidiabetic activity of medicinal plants is attributed to the presence of polyphenols,flavonoida, terpenoids,coumarins and other constituents which show reduction in blood glucose levels.The review also discusses the management aspect of diabetes mellitus using these plants and their active principles. | Patel DK Prasad SK Kumar R Hemalatha S | 2012 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2012，2，4： | 15 |
| 15 | Type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: The influence of changing diagnostic criteria显示文摘A previous diagnosis of gestational diabetes(GDM)carries a lifetime risk of progression to type 2 diabetes of up to 60%.Identification of those women at higher risk of progression to diabetes allows the timely introduction of measures to delay or prevent diabetes onset.However,there is a large degree of variability in the literature with regard to the proportion of women with a history of GDM who go on to develop diabetes.Heterogeneity between cohorts with regard to diagnostic criteria used,duration of follow-up,and the characteristics of the study population limit the ability to make meaningful comparisons across studies.As the new International Association for Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group criteria are increasingly adopted worldwide,the prevalence of GDM is set to increase by two-to three-fold.Here,we review the literature to examine the evolution of diagnostic criteria for GDM,the implications of changing criteria on the proportion of women with previous GDM progressing to diabetes,and how the use of different diagnostic criteria may influence the development of appropriate follow-up strategies. | Eoin Noctor Fidelma P Dunne | 2015 | World Journal of Diabetes2015，6，2： | 14 |
| 16 | Expression and Function of Zinc-α2-Glycoprotein显示文摘Zinc-α2-glycoprotein(ZAG), encoded by the AZGP1 gene, is a major histocompatibility complex I molecule and a lipid-mobilizing factor. ZAG has been demonstrated to promote lipid metabolism and glucose utilization, and to regulate insulin sensitivity. Apart from adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver, and kidney, ZAG also occurs in brain tissue, but its distribution in brain is debatable. Only a few studies have investigated ZAG in the brain. It has been found in the brains of patients with Krabbe disease and epilepsy, and in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer disease, frontotemporal lobe dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Both ZAG protein and AZGP1 m RNA are decreased in epilepsy patients and animal models, while overexpression of ZAG suppresses seizure and epileptic discharges in animal models of epilepsy, but knowledge of the specific mechanism of ZAG in epilepsy is limited. In this review, we summarize the known roles and molecular mechanisms of ZAG in lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism, and in the regulation of insulin sensitivity, and discuss the possible mechanisms by which it suppresses epilepsy. | Xin Wei Xi Liu Changhong Tan Lijuan Mo Hui Wang Xi Peng Fen Deng Lifen Chen | 2019 | Neuroscience Bulletin2019，35，3： | 14 |
| 17 | MicroRNAs:a new ray of hope for diabetes mellitus显示文摘Diabetes mellitus has become one of the most common chronic diseases,thereby posing a major challenge to global health.Characterized by high levels of blood glucose(hyperglycemia),diabetes usually results from a loss of insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas,leading to a deficiency of insulin(type 1 diabetes),or loss of insulin sensitivity(type 2 diabetes).Both types of diabetes have serious secondary complications,such as microvascular abnormalities,cardiovascular dysfunction,and kidney failure.Various complex factors,such as genetic and environmental factors,are associated with the pathophysiology of diabetes.Over the past two decades,the role of small,single-stranded noncoding microRNAs in various metabolic disorders,especially diabetes mellitus and its complications,has gained widespread attention in the scientific community.Discovered first as an endogenous regulator of development in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans,these small RNAs post-transcriptionally suppress mRNA target expression.In this review,we discuss the potential roles of different microRNAs in diabetes and diabetes-related complications. | Munish Kumar Sayantan Nath Himanshu K Prasad G D Sharma Yong Li | 2012 | Protein & Cell2012，3，10： | 14 |
| 18 | Hyodeoxycholic acid protects the neurovascular unit against oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation-induced injury in vitro显示文摘Calculus bovis is commonly used for the treatment of stroke in traditional Chinese medicine. Hyodeoxycholic acid(HDCA) is a bioactive compound extracted from calculus bovis. When combined with cholic acid, baicalin and jas-minoidin, HDCA prevents hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced brain injury by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptotic signaling. However, the effects of HDCA in ischemic stroke injury have not yet been studied. Neurovascular unit(NVU) dysfunction occurs in ischemic stroke. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of HDCA on the NVU under ischemic conditions in vitro. We co-cultured primary brain microvascular endothelial cells, neurons and astrocytes using a transwell chamber co-culture system. The NVU was pre-treated with 10.16 or 2.54 μg/mL HDCA for 24 hours before exposure to oxygen-glucose deprivation for 1 hour. The cell counting kit-8 assay was used to detect cell activity. Flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling were used to assess apoptosis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. Oxidative stress-related factors, such as superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde and γ-glutamyltransferase, were measured using kits. Pretreatment with HDCA significantly decreased blood-brain barrier permeability and neuronal apoptosis, significantly increased transendothelial electrical resistance and γ-glutamyltransferase activity, attenuated oxidative stress damage and the release of inflammatory cytokines, and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor expression. Our findings suggest that HDCA maintains NVU morphological integrity and function by modulating inflammation, oxidation stress, apoptosis, and the expression of neurotrophic factors. Therefore, HDCA may have therapeutic potential in the clinical management of ischemic stroke. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Experimental Animals of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(approval No. BUCM-3-2016040201-2003) in April 2016. | Chang-Xiang Li Xue-Qian Wang Fa-Feng Cheng Xin Yan Juan Luo Qing-Guo Wang | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，11： | 13 |
| 19 | Diabetes mellitus and electrolyte disorders显示文摘Diabetic patients frequently develop a constellation of electrolyte disorders. These disturbances are particularly common in decompensated diabetics, especially in the context of diabetic ketoacidosis or nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. These patients are markedly potassium-, magnesium- and phosphatedepleted. Diabetes mellitus(DM) is linked to both hypo- and hyper-natremia reflecting the coexistence of hyperglycemia-related mechanisms, which tend to change serum sodium to opposite directions. The most important causal factor of chronic hyperkalemia in diabetic individuals is the syndrome of hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. Impaired renal function, potassiumsparing drugs, hypertonicity and insulin deficiency are also involved in the development of hyperkalemia. This article provides an overview of the electrolyte disturbances occurring in DM and describes the underlying mechanisms. This insight should pave the way for pathophysiology-directed therapy, thus contributing to the avoidance of the several deleterious effects associated with electrolyte disorders and their treatment. | George Liamis Evangelos Liberopoulos Fotios Barkas Moses Elisaf | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2014，2，10： | 13 |
| 20 | 纤维素催化转化为高附加值化学品的研究进展(英文)显示文摘Currently,under huge pressure from energy demands and environmental problems,much attention is being paid to biomass conversion,which will play an important role in meeting the requirements for a sustainable society.As the most abundant biomass on earth, cellulose is usually used as the first research target for biomass conversion.In this review,the recalcitrant structure of cellulose is discussed and non-catalytic hydrolysis by hot-compressed water and catalytic hydrolysis using solid acids are then considered.We also review the catalytic conversion of cellulose into valuable chemicals including hexitols(sorbitol and mannitol),ethylene glycol,and related compounds using various heterogeneous catalysts. | Hirokazu KOBAYASHI Atsushi FUKUOKA | 2011 | 催化学报2011，32，5： | 13 |
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