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| 1 | Archaea and the human gut:New beginning of an old story显示文摘Methanogenic archaea are known as human gut inhabitants since more than 30 years ago through the detection of methane in the breath and isolation of two methanogenic species belonging to the order Methanobacteriales,Methanobrevibacter smithii and Methanosphaera stadtmanae.During the last decade,diversity of archaea encountered in the human gastrointestinal tract(GIT)has been extended by sequence identification and culturing of new strains.Here we provide an updated census of the archaeal diversity associatedwith the human GIT and their possible role in the gut physiology and health.We particularly focus on the still poorly characterized 7th order of methanogens,the Methanomassiliicoccales,associated to aged population.While also largely distributed in non-GIT environments,our actual knowledge on this novel order of methanogens has been mainly revealed through GIT inhabitants.They enlarge the number of final electron acceptors of the gut metabolites to mono-di-and trimethylamine.Trimethylamine is exclusively a microbiota-derived product of nutrients(lecithin,choline,TMAO,L-carnitine)from normal diet,from which seems originate two diseases,trimethylaminuria(or Fish-Odor Syndrome)and cardiovascular disease through the proatherogenic property of its oxidized liver-derived form.This therefore supports interest on these methanogenic species and its use as archaebiotics,a term coined from the notion of archaea-derived probiotics. | Nadia Gaci Guillaume Borrel William Tottey Paul William O’Toole Jean-Fran?ois Brugère | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，43： | 5 |
| 2 | Exploring long-term effects of biochar on mitigating methane emissions from paddy soil:a review显示文摘Biochar has been reported to mitigate short-term methane(CH4)emissions from paddy soil.Currently,CH4 mitigation by biochar has primarily focused on the abundance and variations of methanogens and methanotrophs,and changes in their activities during methane production and consumption.However,long-term effects of biochar on methane mitigation from paddy soil remain controversial.This review overviewed the existing mechanisms for CH4 mitigation as a result of biochar application.In addition,the two existing opinions on the long-term CH4 mitigation effect upon biochar application were highlighted.Combining the already explored mechanisms of fresh biochar on CH4 mitigation from paddy soil and a novel discovery,the potential mechanisms of biochar on long-term methane emission response were proposed.This review also revealed the uncertain responses of biochar on long-term CH4 mitigation.Therefore,to achieve carbon neutral goal,it is important to further explore the mechanisms of long-term CH4 mitigation under biochar application. | Qiong Nan Liqing Xin Yong Qin Muhammad Waqas Weixiang Wu | 2021 | Biochar2021，3，2： | 3 |
| 3 | Acclimation of CH_(4)emissions from paddy soil to atmospheric CO_(2)enrichment in a growth chamber experiment显示文摘Elevated levels of atmospheric CO_(2)(eCO_(2))promote rice growth and increase methane(CH_(4))emissions from rice paddies,because increased input of plant photosynthate to soil stimulates methanogenic archae.However,temporal trends in the effects of eCO_(2)on rice growth and CH_(4)emissions are still unclear.To investigate changes in the effects of eCO_(2)over time,we conducted a two-season pot experiment in a walk-in growth chamber.Positive effects of eCO_(2)on rice leaf photosynthetic rate,biomass,and grain yield were similar between growing seasons.However,the effects of eCO_(2)on CH_(4) emissions decreased over time.Elevated CO_(2)increased CH_(4)emissions by 48%-101%in the first growing season,but only by 28%-30%in the second growing season.We also identified the microbial process underlying the acclimation of CH4 emissions to atmospheric CO_(2)enrichment:eCO_(2)stimulated the abundance of methanotrophs more strongly in soils that had been previously exposed to eCO_(2)than in soils that had not been.These results emphasize the need for long-term eCO_(2)experiments for accurate predictions of terrestrial feedbacks. | Haoyu Qian Yaguo Jin Jin Chen Shan Huang Yunlong Liu Jun Zhang Aixing Deng Jianwen Zou Genxing Pan Yanfeng Ding Yu Jiang Kees Jan van Groenigen Weijian Zhang | 2022 | The Crop Journal2022，10，1： | 1 |
| 4 | The Synergism between Methanogens and Methanotrophs and the Nature of their Contributions to the Seasonal Variation of Methane Fluxes in a Wetland:The Case of Dajiuhu Subalpine Peatland显示文摘Wetland ecosystems are the most important natural methane(CH_(4))sources,whose fluxes periodically fluctuate.Methanogens(methane producers)and methanotrophs(methane consumers)are considered key factors affecting CH_(4)fluxes in wetlands.However,the symbiotic relationship between methanogens and methanotrophs remains unclear.To help close this research gap,we collected and analyzed samples from four soil depths in the Dajiuhu subalpine peatland in January,April,July,and October 2019 and acquired seasonal methane flux data from an eddy covariance(EC)system,and investigated relationships.A phylogenetic molecular ecological networks(pMENs)analysis was used to identify keystone species and the seasonal variations of the co-occurrence patterns of methanogenic and methanotrophic communities.The results indicate that the seasonal variations of the interactions between methanogenic and methanotrophic communities contributed to CH_(4)emissions in wetlands.The keystone species discerned by the network analysis also showed their importance in mediating CH_(4)fluxes.Methane(CH_(4))emissions in wetlands were lowest in spring;during this period,the most complex interactions between microbes were observed,with intense competition among methanogens while methanotrophs demonstrated better cooperation.Reverse patterns manifested themselves in summer when the highest CH_(4)flux was observed.Methanoregula formicica was negatively correlated with CH_(4)fluxes and occupied the largest ecological niches in the spring network.In contrast,both Methanocella arvoryzae and Methylocystaceae demonstrated positive correlations with CH_(4)fluxes and were better adapted to the microbial community in the summer.In addition,soil temperature and nitrogen were regarded as significant environmental factors to CH_(4)fluxes.This study was successful in explaining the seasonal patterns and microbial driving mechanisms of CH_(4)emissions in wetlands. | Luwen WANG Jiwen GE Liang FENG Yaoyao LIU Yu LI Jiumei WANG Xiang XIAO Zhiqi ZHANG | 2022 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2022，39，8： | 1 |
| 5 | A review on microbial metabolism to increase coalbed methane generation and coal pretreatment to improve its bioavailability显示文摘Abundant unminable coal in deep strata and abandoned mines are also precious sources of clean gas energy,under which biotransformation is a potential path.In recent years,substantial progress has been made in laboratory research on coal degradation to produce methane by microbial metabolism.This paper systematically reviews the research progress of microbial enhancement and microbial stimulation of coal,physicochemical pretreatments of coal,and environmental factors affecting coal biotransformation.The research idea of coal biotransformation should aim at field production increase and gradually clarify the microbial mechanism of coal degradation and the regional distribution and functional composition of microbial communities on the block scale.The research on coal biotransformation helps improve the development level of coalbed methane and the sustainable development of unconventional natural gas resources. | Yang LI Shuheng TANG Jian CHEN Songhang ZHANG | 2023 | Frontiers of Earth Science2023，17，1： | 0 |
| 6 | Enhancing the efficiency of nitrogen removing bacterial population to a wide range of C:N ratio(1.5:1 to 14:1)for simultaneous C&N removal显示文摘High C:N ratio in the wastewater limits biological nitrogen removal(BNR),especially in anammox based technologies.The present study attempts to improve the COD tolerance of the BNR process by associating methanogens with nitrogen removing bacterial(NRB)populations.The new microbial system coined as‘Methammox’,was investigated for simultaneous removal of COD(C)and ammonia(N)at C:N ratio 1.5:1 to 14:1.The ammonia removal rate(11.5 mg N/g VSS/d)and the COD removal rates(70.6 mg O/g VSS/d)of Methammox was close to that of the NRB(11.1 mg N/g VSS/d)and the methanogenic populations(77.9 mg O/g VSS/d),respectively.The activities established that these two populations existed simultaneously and independently in‘Methammox’.Further studies in biofilm reactor fetched a balanced COD and ammonia removal(55%–60%)at a low C:N ratio(£2:1)and high C:N ratio(≥9:1).The population abundance of methanogens was reasonably constant,but the nitrogen removal shifted from mixotrophy to heterotrophy as the C:N ratio shifted from low(C:N£2:1)to high(C:N≥9:1).The reduced autotrophic NRB(ammonia-and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and Anammox)population at a high C:N ratio was compensated by the fermentative group that could carry out denitrification heterotrophically.The functional plasticity of the Methammox system to adjust to a broad C:N ratio opens new frontiers in biological nitrogen removal of high COD containing wastewaters. | Shaswati Saha Rohan Gupta Shradhanjali Sethi Rima Biswas | 2022 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2022，16，8： | 0 |
| 7 | Rumen microbial degradation of bromoform from red seaweed(Asparagopsis taxiformis)and the impact on rumen fermentation and methanogenic archaea显示文摘Background The red macroalgae Asparagopsis is an effective methanogenesis inhibitor due to the presence of halogenated methane(CH_(4))analogues,primarily bromoform(CHBr_(3)).This study aimed to investigate the degradation process of CHBr3 from A taxiformis in the rumen and whether this process is diet-dependent.An in vitro batch culture system was used according to a 2×2 factorial design,assessing two A taxiformis inclusion rates[0(CTL)and 2%DM diet(AT)]and two diets[high-concentrate(HC)and high-forage diet(HF)].Incubations lasted for 72 h and samples of headspace and fermentation liquid were taken at 0,0.5,1,3,6,8,12,16,24,48 and 72 h to assess the pattern of degradation of CHBr_(3) into dibromomethane(CH_(2)Br_(2))and fermentation parameters.Additionally,an in vitro experiment with pure cultures of seven methanogens strains(Methanobrevibacter smithii,Methanobrevibacter ruminantium,Methanosphaera stadtmanae,Methanosarcina barkeri,Methanobrevibacter millerae,Methanorhermobacter wolfei and Methanobacterium mobile)was conducted to test the effects of increasing concentrations of CHBr3(0.4,2,10and 50μmol/L).Results The addition of AT significantly decreased CH_(4) production(P=0.002)and the acetate:propionate ratio(P=0.003)during a 72-h incubation.The concentrations of CHBr_(3) showed a rapid decrease with nearly 90%degraded within the first 3 h of incubation.On the contrary,CH_(2)Br_(2) concentration quickly increased during the first 6 h and then gradually decreased towards the end of the incubation.Neither CHBr_(3) degradation nor CH_(2)Br_(2) synthesis were affected by the type of diet used as substrate,suggesting that the fermentation rate is not a driving factor involved in CHBr_(3)degradation.The in vitro culture of methanogens showed a dose-response effect of CHBr3 by inhibiting the growth of M.smithii,M.ruminantium,M.stadtmanae,M.barkeri,M.millerae,M.wolfei,and M.mobile.Conclusions The present work demonstrated that CHBr_(3) from A.taxiformis is quickly degraded to CH_(2)Br_(2)in the rumen and that the fermentation rate promoted by different diets is not a driving factor involved in CHBr_(3)degradation. | Pedro Romero Alejandro Belanche Elisabeth Jiménez Rafael Hueso Eva Ramos-Morales Joan King Salwen Ermias Kebreab David R.Yáñez-Ruiz | 2024 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2024，15，1： | 0 |
| 8 | Molecular evolution of methanogens based on their metabolic facets显示文摘The information provided by completely sequenced genomes of methanogens can yield insights into a deeper molecular understanding of evolutionary mechanisms.This review describes the advantages of using metabolic pathways to clarify evolutionary correlation of methanogens with archaea and prokaryotes.Metabolic trees can be used to highlight similarities in metabolic networks related to the biology of methanogens.Metabolic genes are among the most modular in the cell and their genes are expected to travel laterally,even in recent evolution.Phylogenetic analysis of protein superfamilies provides a perspective on the evolutionary history of some key metabolic modules of methanogens.Phage-related genes from distantly related organisms typically invade methanogens by horizontal gene transfer.Metabolic modules in methanogenesis are phylogenetically aligned in closely related methanogens.Reverse order reactions of methanogenesis are achieved in methylotrophic methanogens using metabolic and structural modules of key enzymes.A significant evolutionary process is thought to couple the utilization of heavy metal ions with energetic metabolism in methanogens.Over 30 of methanogens genomes have been sequenced to date,and a variety of databases are being developed that will provide for genome annotation and phylogenomic analysis of methanogens.Into the context of the evolutionary hypothesis,the integration of metabolomic and proteomic data into large-scale mathematical models holds promise for fostering rational strategies for strain improvement. | P.CHELLAPANDI | 2011 | Frontiers in Biology2011，6，6： | 0 |
| 9 | Long-term open circuit microbial electrosynthesis system promotes methanogenesis显示文摘Microbial electrosynthesis(MES) can potentially provide a mean for storing renewable energy surpluses as chemical energy. However, the fluctuating nature of these energy sources may represent a threat to MES, as the microbial communities that develop on the biocathode rely on the continuous existence of a polarized electrode. This work assesses how MES performance, product generation and microbial community evolution are affected by a long-period(6 weeks) power off(open circuit). Acetogenic and H2-producing bacteria activity recovered after reconnection. However, few days later syntrophic acetate oxidation bacteria and H2-consuming methanogens became dominant, producing CH4 as the main product, via electromethanogenesis and the syntrophic interaction between eubacterial and archaeal communities which consume both the acetic acid and the hydrogen present in the cathode environment. Thus,the system proved to be resilient to a long-term power interruption in terms of electroactivity. At the same time, these results demonstrated that the system could be extensively affected in both end product generation and microbial communities. | Raúl Mateos Adrián Escapa María Isabel San-Martín Heleen De Wever Ana Sotres Deepak Pant | 2020 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2020，29，2： | 0 |
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