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| 1 | Helicobacter pylori and extragastric diseases: A review显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection is very common and affects approximately half of the world population. It causes gastric diseases, but some authors have reported an association of H. pylori infection with other systemic manifestations beginning in 1994. The list of potential effects of H. pylori outside the stomach includes a number of extragastric manifestations and we focused on neurological, dermatological, hematologic, ocular, cardiovascular, metabolic, allergic, and hepatobiliary diseases. This review discusses these important reported manifestations that are not related to the gastrointestinal tract. | Antonietta Gerarda Gravina Rocco Maurizio Zagari Cristiana De Musis Lorenzo Romano Carmelina Loguercio Marco Romano | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，29： | 90 |
| 2 | Ocular complications of diabetes mellitus显示文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM) is a important health problem that induces ernestful complications and it causes significant morbidity owing to specific microvascular complications such as, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy, and macrovascular complications such as, ischaemic heart disease, and peripheral vasculopathy. It can affect children, young people and adults and isbecoming more common. Ocular complications associated with DM are progressive and rapidly becoming the world's most significant cause of morbidity and are preventable with early detection and timely treatment. This review provides an overview of five main ocular complications associated with DM, diabetic retinopathy and papillopathy, cataract, glaucoma, and ocular surface diseases. | Nihat Sayin Necip Kara G?khan Pekel | 2015 | World Journal of Diabetes2015，6，1： | 38 |
| 3 | Human amniotic membrane transplantation: Different modalities of its use in ophthalmology显示文摘The amniotic membrane(AM) is the inner layer of the fetal membranes and consist of 3 different layers: the epithelium, basement membrane and stroma which further consists of three contiguous but distinct layers: the inner compact layer, middle fibroblast layer and the outermost spongy layer. The AM has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-angiogenic as well as anti-microbial properties. Also because of its transparent structure, lack of immunogenicity and the ability to provide an excellent substrate for growth, migration and adhesion of epithelial corneal and conjunctival cells, it is being used increasingly for ocular surface reconstruction in a variety of ocular pathologies including corneal disorders associated with limbal stem cell deficiency, surgeries for conjunctival reconstruction, as a carrier for ex vivo expansion of limbal epithelial cells, glaucoma surgeries and sceral melts and perforations. However indiscriminate use of human AM needs to be discouraged as complications though infrequent can occur. These include risk of transmission of bacterial, viral or fungal infections to the recipient if the donors are not adequately screened for communicable diseases, if the membrane is not processed under sterile condi-tions or if storage is improper. Optimal outcomes can be achieved only with meticulous case selection. This review explores the ever expanding ophthalmological indications for the use of human AM. | Chintan Malhotra Arun K Jain | 2014 | World Journal of Transplantation2014，4，2： | 21 |
| 4 | Research progress about the effect and prevention of blue light on eyes显示文摘In recent years, people have become increasingly attentive to light pollution influences on their eyes. In the visible spectrum, short-wave blue light with wavelength between 415 nm and 455 nm is closely related to eye light damage. This high energy blue light passes through the cornea and lens to the retina causing diseases such as dry eye, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, even stimulating the brain, inhibiting melatonin secretion, and enhancing adrenocortical hormone production, which will destroy the hormonal balance and directly affect sleep quality. Therefore, the effect of Blu-rays on ocular is becoming an important concern for the future. We describe blue light's effects on eye tissues, summarize the research on eye injury and its physical prevention and medical treatment. | Zhi-Chun Zhao Ying Zhou Gang Tan Juan Li | 2018 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2018，11，12： | 13 |
| 5 | Ocular surface changes in type II diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy显示文摘AIM: To detect and analyze the changes on ocular surface and tear function in type II diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR), an advanced stage of diabetic retinopathy(DR), using conventional ophthalmic tests and the high-resolution laser scanning confocal microscopy.METHODS: Fifty-eight patients with type II diabetes were selected. Based on the diagnostic criteria and stage classification of DR, the patients were divided into the non-DR(NDR) group and the PDR group. Thirty-six patients with cataract but no other ocular and systemic disease were included as non-diabetic controls. All the patients were subjected to the conventional clinical tests of corneal sensitivity, Schirmer I test, and corneal fluorescein staining. The non-invasive tear film break-up time(NIBUT) and tear interferometry were conducted by a Tearscope Plus. The morphology of corneal epithelia and nerve fibers was examined using the high-resolution confocal microscopy.RESULTS: The NDR group exhibited significantly declined corneal sensitivity and Schirmer I test value, as compared to the non-diabetic controls(P <0.001). The PDR group showed significantly reduced corneal sensitivity, Schirmer I test value, and NIBUT in comparison to the non-diabetic controls(P <0.001).Corneal fluorescein staining revealed the progressively injured corneal epithelia in the PDR patients. Moreover,significant decrease in the corneal epithelial density andmorphological abnormalities in the corneal epithelia and nerve fibers were also observed in the PDR patients.CONCLUSION: Ocular surface changes, including blunted corneal sensitivity, reduced tear secretion, tear film dysfunction, progressive loss of corneal epithelia and degeneration of nerve fibers, are common in type II diabetic patients, particularly in the diabetic patients with PDR. The corneal sensitivity, fluorescein staining scores,and the density of corneal epithelial cells and nerve fibers in the diabetic patients correlate with the duration of diabetes. Therefore, ocular surface of the patients with PDR should be examined regularly by conventional approaches and confocal microscopy to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of keratopathy. | Yan Gao Yan Zhang Yu-Sha Ru Xiao-Wu Wang Ji-Zhong Yang Chun-Hui Li Hong-Xing Wang Xiao-Rong Li Bing Li | 2015 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2015，8，2： | 11 |
| 6 | Characteristics and visual outcomes of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma in central China: 2006-2011显示文摘AIM: To complete the data of ocular trauma in central China, as a well-known tertiary referral center for ocular trauma, we documented the epidemiological characteristics and visual outcomes of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma in this region.METHODS: A retrospective study of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma in central China from 2006 to 2011 was performed.· RESULTS: This study included 5964 eyes of 5799 patients. The average age was 35.5 ±21.8y with a male-to-female ratio of 2.8:1. The most common age was 45-59 y age group. Most patients were farmers and workers(51.9%). The most common injuries were firework related(24.5%), road traffic related(24.2%), and work related(15.0%). Among the most common causative agents were firecrackers(24.5%), followed by metal/knife/scissors(21.4%). Most injuries occurred in January(14.2%),February(27.0%), and August(10.0%). There were 8.5%patients with ocular injuries combined with other injuries.The incidence of open ocular injuries(4585 eyes, 76.9%)was higher than closed ocular injuries(939 eyes, 15.7%).The incidences of chemical and thermal ocular injuries were 1.2% and 0.6%. Ocular trauma score(OTS)predicted final visual acuity at non light perception(NLP), 20/200-20/50 and 20/40 with a sensitivity of 100%,and light perception(LP) /hand motion(HM) and 1/200-19/200 with a specificity of 100%.· CONCLUSION: This study provides recent epidemiological data of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma in central China. Some factors influencing the visual outcome include time interval between injury and visit to the clinic, wound location, open or closed globe injury, initial visual acuity, and OTS. | Ying Qi Feng-Yan Zhang Guang-Hua Peng Yu Zhu Guang-Ming Wan Wen-Zhan Wang Jing Ma Shi-Jie Ren | 2015 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2015，8，1： | 11 |
| 7 | Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles as a new therapeutic strategy for ocular diseases显示文摘Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) have attracted considerable attention for their activity in the treatment of refractory visual disorders. Since MSCs were found to possess the beneficial effects by secreting paracrine factors rather than direct differentiation, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles(EVs) were widely studied in various disease models. MSCs generate abundant EVs, which act as important mediators by exchanging protein and genetic information between MSCs and target cells. It has been confirmed that MSC-derived EVs possess unique antiinflammatory, anti-apoptotic, tissue repairing, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory properties, similar to their parent cells. Upon intravitreal injection, MSC-derived EVs rapidly diffuse through the retina to alleviate retinal injury or inflammation. Due to possible risks associated with MSC transplantation, such as vitreous opacity and pathological proliferation, EVs appear to be a better choice for intravitreal injection. Small size EVs can pass through biological barriers easily and their contents can be modified genetically for optimal therapeutic effect. Hence, currently, they are also explored for the possibility of serving as drug delivery vehicles. In the current review, we describe the characteristics of MSC-derived EVs briefly, comprehensively summarize their biological functions in ocular diseases, and discuss their potential applications in clinical settings. | Bo Yu Xiao-Rong Li Xiao-Min Zhang | 2020 | World Journal of Stem Cells2020，12，3： | 8 |
| 8 | The assessment of structural changes on optic nerve head and macula in primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension显示文摘AIM:To assess morphological changes in macula, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and optic nevre head (ONH) of cases with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OH) with spectral domain optic coherence tomography (OCT).METHODS:This study included 109 eyes from 62 POAG patients, 50 eyes from 30 OH patients, and 101 eyes from 53 healthy volunteers. Data gained by OCT were compared with perimetry indexes. ONH, RNFL and macula analysis were performed for all subjects. Rim area, disc area,average cup/disc (C/D) ratio, vertical C/D ratio, cup volume data were recorded during ONH analysis. Average RNFL thickness and the thickness of four quadrants (superior,inferior, nasal and temporal) was established in microns.In total, nine macular quadrants involving the foveal region mentioned in the Early Treatment Diabetic Treatment Study(ETDRS) template were measured, and average macular thickness and macular volume data were recorded during macula analysis. Differences between groups were evaluated with the one-way ANOVA test. Tukey’s multiple comparison test was performed to detect difference between groups.Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was done for early stage POAG patients to establish sensitivity and specificity of chosen parameters in early stage POAG.Area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC)values were calculated to compare ROC areas.RESULTS:Statistically significant differences were found in all ONH parameters, except optic disc area. Neuroretinal rim area was identified as the parameter with the highest difference between groups (F=21.72, P<0.05). The highest correlation between ONH parameters and perimetry was observed at neuroretinal rim region (r=0.487). Inferior RNFL thickness was established as the parameter with the highest difference between groups among RNFL parameters. In the mean of all glaucoma patients, the highest correlation between data handled with OCT and mean deviation was observed in RNFL thickness. Average macular thickness was detected as the parameter with the highest difference between groups among macular parameters. The highest correlation between macula parameters and perimetry indexes was observed between average macular thickness and perimetry indexes (r=0.514).CONCLUSION:Although the assessment of ONH and the analysis of macular thickness are important in diagnosis and treatment, RNFL assessment is the most valuable parameter. | Kenan Dagdelen Emrah Dirican | 2018 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2018，11，10： | 8 |
| 9 | Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on apoptosis and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in ocular surface epithelial cells:An experimental study显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on apoptosis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in ocular surface in an experimental rat model.· METHODS:Forty female,Wistar rats were randomized in 4 groups in the study.Subcutaneous ERT (17β-estradiol,10g/kg/day) was administered to the first group without ovariectomy and to the second group with ovariectomy for three months.Third group had only ovariectomy and fourth group had sham operation.All rats were sacrificed in estrous cycles determined by vaginal smear test and their right eyes were enucleated at the end of the third month.Enucleated eyes were analyzed by immunohistochemical method for expressions of caspase-3,bcl-2,VEGF and TUNEL assay.· RESULTS:Caspase-3 expression of conjunctival epithelium was significantly higher in group 3 than group 1 (P =0.005),and group 2 (P =0.007).TUNEL score of conjunctival epithelium was significantly higher in group 3 than group 1 (P =0.006).TUNEL score of corneal epithelium was significantly higher in group 3 than group 2 (P =0.012),and group 4 (P =0.002).There was no significant difference between groups in that bcl-2 and VEGF expressions.· CONCLUSION:We determined increased apoptosis in ocular surface epithelial cells in ovariectomized rats.ERT and endogen estrogen decreased the apoptosis,and did not result in difference in VEGF expression between the groups.Estrogen may be beneficial for the treatment of apoptosis-mediated ocular surface disorders such as dry eye.Further studies are needed on this subject for a better understanding of the role of estrogen and to provide a new insight for treatment and prevention of apoptosis-mediated ocular surface disorders. | Fatih zcura Sema Oru Dndar Emel Dikicioglu etin Nahit Beder Mehmet Dndar | 2012 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2012，5，1： | 7 |
| 10 | Research progress of in-situ gelling ophthalmic drug delivery system显示文摘Blindness and vision impairment are the most devastating global health problems resulting in a substantial economic and social burden.Delivery of drug to particular parts of the anterior or posterior segment has been a major challenge due to various protective barriers and elimination mechanisms associated with the unique anatomical and physiological nature of the ocular system.Drug administration to the eye by conventional delivery systems results in poor ocular bioavailability(<5%).The designing of a novel approach for a safe,simple,and effective ocular drug delivery is a major concern and requires innovative strategies to combat the problem.Over the past decades,several novel approaches involving different strategies have been developed to improve the ocular delivery system.Among these,the ophthalmic in-situ gel has attained a great attention over the past few years.This review discussed and summarized the recent and the promising research progress of in-situ gelling in ocular drug delivery system. | Yumei Wu Yuanyuan Liu Xinyue Li Dereje Kebebe Bing Zhang Jing Ren Jun Lu Jiawei Li Shouying Du Zhidong Liu | 2019 | Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences2019，14，1： | 7 |
| 11 | Interference of Y-27632 on the signal transduction of transforming growth factor beta type 1 in ocular Tenon capsule fibroblasts显示文摘AIM: To investigate the interfering effect of Y-27632, a ROCK-I selective inhibitor, on the signal transduction pathway of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in ocular Tenon capsule fibroblasts (OTFS) in vitro . METHODS: After OTFS from passages 4 to 6 in vitro were induced by TGF-β1 and then treated by Y-27632, the changes of the OTFS cell cycles were analyzed via flow cytometry, and the proteins expression of the α-smooth muscular actin (α-SMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), collagen I were calculated by Western blot. After OTFS treated by the different concentrations of Y-27632, the expression levels of the α-SMA, CTGF and collagen I mRNA were assayed by RT-PCR.RESULTS: Y-27632 had no markedly effect on the OTFS cell cycles. After treated by TGF-β1, OTFS in G1 period significantly increased. The cell cycles distribution by both TGF-β1 and Y-27632 had no remarkable difference from that in control group. Y-27632 significantly inhibited the proteins expressions of both α-SMA and CTGF, while to some extent inhibited that of collagen I. TGF-β1 significantly promoted the proteins expressions of α-SMA, CTGF and collagen I. After OTFS treated by both TGF-β1 and Y-27632, of α-SMA, the protein expression was similar with that in control group (P=0.066>0.05), but the protein expression of CTGF or collagen I, respectively, was significantly different from that in control group (P=0.000<0.01). The differences of expressions of the α-SMA, CTGF and collagen I mRNA in 30, 150, 750μmol/L Y-27632 group were statistically significant, compared with those in control group, respectively (α-SMA, P=0.002, 0.000, 0.000; CTGF, P=0.014, 0.002, 0.001; collagen I, P=0.003, 0.002, 0.000).CONCLUSION: Blocking the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway by using of Y-27632 could inhibit the cellular proliferation and the expression of both CTGF and α-SMA whatever OTFS induced by TGF-β1 or not. Y-27632 suppressed the expression of collagen I mRNA without induction. | Xiao-Hui Zhang, Jian-Ming Wang | 2012 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2012，5，5： | 7 |
| 12 | Potential applications of artemisinins in ocular diseases显示文摘Artemisinin, also named qinghaosu, is a family of sesquiterpene trioxane lactone originally derived from the sweet wormwood plant(Artemisia annua), which is a traditional Chinese herb that has been universally used as anti-malarial agents for many years. Evidence has accumulated during the past few years which demonstrated the protective effects of artemisinin and its derivatives(artemisinins) in several other diseases beyond malaria, including cancers, autoimmune disorders, inflammatory diseases, viral and other parasiterelated infections. Recently, this long-considered antimalarial agent has been proved to possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-excitotoxic properties, which make it a potential treatment option for the ocular environment. In this review, we first described the overview of artemisinins, highlighting the activity of artemisinins to other diseases beyond malaria and the mechanisms of these actions. We then emphasized the main points of published results of using artemisinins in targeting ocular disorders, including uveitis, retinoblastoma, retinal neurodegenerative diseases and ocular neovascularization. To conclude, we believe that artemisinins could also be used as a promising therapeutic drug for ocular diseases, especially retinal vascular diseases in the near future. | Bing-Wen Lu Li-Ke Xie | 2019 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2019，12，11： | 6 |
| 13 | Cyclopexy versus vitrectomy combined with intraocular tamponade for treatment of cyclodialysis显示文摘AIM:Tocomparetheeffectsandcomplicationsof direc cyclopexy (DC) versus vitrectomy, endophotocoagulation, and gas/silicone oil endotamponade (VEE) treatment in patients with cyclodialysis and persistent hypotony.METHODS: This is a prospective, comparative, non-randomized clinical trial which includes 52 patients with cyclodialysis and persisting hypotony. Fifty-two patients suffering from cyclodialysis and persistent hypotony in one eye were divided into 2 groups (groups DC and VEE) and treated, respectively, with direct cyclopexy or vitrectomy, endophotocoagulation, and gas/silicone oil endotamponade. The patients were followed up for 12 months. Assessments included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV) and subjective rating of the pain caused by the treatments.RESULTS: After a follow-up of 12 months, significan improvement was seen in postoperative mean BCVA, IOP, ACD and ACV in both treatment groups (which were not significantly different from each other). The success rates for the treatments were not significantly different (DC: 50.0% vs VEE: 62.5% , P =0.383). Postoperative morbidity of cataract and subjective pain rating were significantly higher in the VEE group vs the DC group (P =0.003 and P <0.001 respectively).CONCLUSION: DC and VEE were effective surgica procedures in treating patients with cyclodialysis and persistent hypotony. Patients had better tolerance to DC treatment and VEE was more likely lead to cataract complications. Taking into consideration the ease of the operation, success rate, and patient comfort, DC treatment seems preferable to VEE treatment in patients with simple cyclodialysis. While VEE has the advantage of treating patients with cyclodialysis combined with vitreous hemorrhage. | Wei-Wei Xu Yi-Fei Huang Li-Qiang Wang Mao-Nian Zhang | 2013 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2013，6，2： | 6 |
| 14 | Clinical relevance of the glucocorticoid receptor gene polymorphisms in glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension and primary open angle glaucoma显示文摘AIM: To avoid the side effects of ocular hypertension of glucocorticoid(GC) usage in eye, we must identify susceptible individuals, which exists in about one-third of all population. Further, the majority of all primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) patients show this phenotype.Glucocorticoid receptor(GR) regulates C responsiveness in trabecular meshwork(TM) cells. In this study, single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) genotyping was used to determine whether there are differences in the Bcl I(rs41423247) and N363S(rs6195) polymorphisms of the GR gene in healthy and POAG patients, and glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension(GIOH)populations.METHODS: Three hundred and twenty-seven unrelated Chinese adults, including 111 normal controls, 117 GIOH subjects and 99 POAG patients, were recruited. DNA samples were prepared and the Bcl I and N363 S polymorphisms were screened using real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) analysis. Frequencies of the Bcl I and N363 S polymorphisms were determined and compared using Fisher's exact test and the Chi-squared test.RESULTS: Only the Bcl I polymorphism was identified in the Chinese Han population. The frequency of the G allele was 21.6 % in normal controls, 18.3% in GIOH patients, and 13.64% in the POAG patients. There was no significant difference in polymorphism or allele frequency in the 3 groups. Furthermore, no N363 S polymorphism was found in the study subjects.CONCLUSION: The Bcl I polymorphisms in GR gene had no association with GIOH and POAG patients, and N363 S polymorphism might not exist in the Chinese Han population. Therefore, the Bcl I polymorphism might not be responsible for the development of GC-induced ocular hypertension or POAG. | Xiu-Qing Wang Zhao-Xia Duan Xiang-Ge He Xi-Yuan Zhou | 2015 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2015，8，1： | 6 |
| 15 | Characteristics of ocular abnormalities in gout patients显示文摘AIM: To characterize the clinical features of ocular surface in gout patients in coastal area of Shandong Province in China. ·METHODS: A total of 380 consecutive gout patients were examined from January 2011 to May 2011. According to the course of gout, patients were divided into group A (<5 years), B (5 -10 years) and C (>10 years). Group D (control group) was consist of 50 healthy subjects. Eyelids, lateral canthus, medial canthus, palpebral conjunctiva, sclera and cornea, anterior chamber, lens, anterior vitreous were examined by slit lamp to find whether there were deposition of uric acid crystals, ocular vascular tortuosity, redness and subconjunctival hemorrhage. The ophthalmic exams of visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus were used to assess any gout-related eye disease. ·RESULTS: Uric acid crystals were found in 3 patients and the positions of the deposite were in corneal stroma, corneal epithelium and superficial stroma, and sclera respectively. The incidence was 0.79% . Dilatated and tortuous blood vessels in conjunctiva and sclera surface were found in 38 (23.8% ), 40 (44.0% ), 58 (45.0% ), 9 (18.0% ) patients in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. The differences between group B and D, group C and D were statistically significant(P <0.01, P <0.01).Transparent vesicles with metal-like reflected light in subconjunctiva were seen in 26 (16.2%), 29 (31.9%), 41 (31.8%), 2 (4.00%) patients in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. The differences between A and D, B and D, C and D were statistically significant (P <0.05, P <0.01, P <0.01). Subconjunctival hemorrhage was found in all groups, the difference among the four groups showed no statistically significance. · CONCLUSION: Gout can cause ocular surface abnormalities, such as tophi deposition, subconjunctival transparent vesicles and hemorrhage, and vascularchanges. These features have important clinical significance in early detection of the gout and prevention of eye injury. | Jing Lin Gui-Qiu Zhao Cheng-Ye Che Shan-Shan Yang Qian Wang Chang-Gui Li | 2013 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2013，6，3： | 5 |
| 16 | Ocular disorders in children with spastic subtype of cerebral palsy显示文摘AIM: To document common ocular abnormalities in children with spastic subtype of cerebral palsy (CP) and to find out whether any correlation exists between their occurance and etiologic factors.METHODS: Totally 194 patients with the diagnosis of spastic type CP were enrolled in this retrospective study. Detailed ophthalmic examinations were performed. Demographic data and neuroradiological findings were documented. Kruskal-Wallis, Mann Whitney U, Pearson Chi-square tests and Student's t tests were used in the statistical analysis.RESULTS: The mean age was 64.7±44.2 months on the first ophthalmic examination. Prevalences of diplegia (47.4%) and tetraplegia (36.1%) were found to be higher than the frequency of hemiplegia (16.5% ) in our study population. Etiologic factor was asphyxia in 60.8% of the patients. Abnormal ocular findings were present in 78.9% of the patients. Statistically significant poor vision was detected in tetraplegia group among all the spastic ubtypes of CP (P =0.000). Anisometropia and significant refractive error were found in 14.4% and 70.1% of the patients, respectively. Thirty-six children (18.6% ) had nystagmus and 107 children (55.2% ) had strabismus. Lower gestational age and birth weight were statistically higher in patients with esotropia than exotropia (P=0.009 and P =0.024, respectively). Abnormal morphology of the optic disc was present in 152 eyes (39.2% ). Severe periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) was found in 48 patients and statistically significant poor vision was detected in the presence of PVL (P =0.000).CONCLUSION:Spastic diplegic or tetraplegic CP patients with positive neuroradiological symptoms, younger gestational age and lower birth weight ought to have detailed ophthalmic examinations as early as possible to provide best visual rehabilitation.· | A.Taylan Ozturk A.Tulin Berk Aylin Yaman | 2013 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2013，6，2： | 5 |
| 17 | Application of ultrasound contrast in identification and diagnosis of ocular spaceoccupying lesions显示文摘AIM: To analyze the application significance of ultrasound contrast agent in identification and diagnosis of ocular spaceoccupying lesions, and mainly analyze its advantages and problems. METHODS: Thirty-two representative literatures about the application of ultrasound contrast agent in diagnosis of spaceoccupying lesions at home and abroad were collected after focused on sorting the literature reporting the application of ultrasound contrast diagnostic technology in the diagnosis and identification of ocular spaceoccupying lesions in recent years. Its advantages and problems were retrospectively analyzed, and reasonable assessment on existing problems was made and possible solutions to the problems were proposed. RESULTS: As a new imaging diagnostic technique, the contrast-enhanced ultrasound, which can enhance the display of tumor microcirculation vessels and improve the tumor's ultrasound diagnostic capability, was analyzed. Through sorting and comprehensively analyzing the collected literatures, the positive rate of ocular spaceoccupying lesion diagnosis could be significantly improved with ultrasound contrast technology. Thus, the vascular perfusion in normal tissues and lesions was reflected objectively. According to the lesion's perfusion characteristics of the contrast agent plus with the performance features of two-dimensional ultrasound, the ocular spaceoccupying lesions can be accurately diagnosed, and this could provide clinicians with reliable research basis in this field. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound contrast examination is a new testing method, and ultrasound contrast agent can significantly enhance the ultrasonic detection signal, clearly show the blood perfusion in vessels and tissues, increase the image contrast resolution, and improve the lesion's detection capability in the microcirculation perfusion level, especially its important value in the diagnosis of ocular tumor. | Jia-Ying Yuan, Yun-Tao Zhang | 2011 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2011，4，4： | 5 |
| 18 | New approaches for diagnosis of dry eye disease显示文摘We reviewed the literature for different diagnostic approaches for dry eye disease(DED) including the most recent advances, contradictions and promising diagnostic tools and technique. We performed a broad literature search for articles discussing different methods for diagnosis of DED including assessment of tear osmolarity, tear film stability, ocular biomarkers and others. Articles indexed in PubMed and google scholar were included. With the growing cosmetic industry, environmental pollution, and booming of digital screens, DED is becoming more prevalent. Its multifactorial etiology renders the diagnosis challenging and invites the emergence of new diagnostic tools and tests. Diagnostic tools can be classified, based on the parameter they measure, into tear film osmolarity, functional visual acuity, tear volume, tear turnover, tear film stability, tear film composition, ocular biomarkers and others. Although numerous methods exist, the most accurate diagnosis can be reached through combining the results of more than one test. Many reported tests have shown potential as diagnostic/screening tools, however, require more research to prove their diagnostic power, alone or in combination. Future research should focus on identifying and measuring parameters that are the most specific to DED diagnosis. | Abdelrahman MElhusseiny Ali AKhalil Reem HEl Sheikh Mohammad ABakr MohamedGaber Eissa Yasmine MEl Sayed | 2019 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2019，12，10： | 5 |
| 19 | Ocular manifestations of internal carotid artery dissection显示文摘Internal carotid artery dissection(ICAD) results from disruption of the intima of the arterial wall, and can lead to intrusion of blood into the arterial wall and form an intramural hematoma. The hematoma can compress the true lumen of the vessel, causing functional stenosis or occlusion. The classic triad signs of ICAD include pain in the ipsilateral neck, head and orbital regions; a(partial) Horner syndrome; and cerebral or retinal ischemia. However, not all ICAD patients present with this classic signs. In some cases, ocular manifestations are the initial(and sometimes the only) findings. We summarize the ocular manifestations associated with ICAD in 3 categories: visual symptoms, oculosympathetic palsy, and ocular motor nerve palsy. | Jin-Xin Song Xue-Mei Lin Zhao-Qin Hao Song-Di Wu Yong-Xin Xing | 2019 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2019，12，5： | 4 |
| 20 | Changes in ocular surface status and dry eye symptoms following femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery显示文摘AIM: To observe the changes in ocular surface and the dry eye symptoms following femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS).METHODS: Patients with no eye signs or symptoms in Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital between October 2017 and September 2018, who underwent FLACS and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for age-related cataract were enrolled. Tear film stability assessed with OCULUS Keratograph 5M, Schirmer's I test (SIT), and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) were evaluated before and after surgery at 1d, 1wk, 1, and 3mo in order. Ocular Surface Disease Index scores (OSDI) and Subjective Symptom Questionnaires (SSQs) were recorded at the same time point.RESULTS: Thirty-eight eyes of 38 patients were enrolled. The noninvasive tear film break-up time (first break-up time and average break-up time) decreased in a peak at the 1wk visit, and then increased to basic levels at 1mo. The tear meniscus height (TMH) increased transiently at 1d, and declined in the following 3mo visits. The SIT had a transient increase at 1d (P=0.357) and a decrease at 1wk and 1mo (both P<0.05) but returned to the preoperative levels at 3mo after surgery (P=0.062). CFS scores were significantly improved compared with those before surgery, and had a statistical difference (P<0.05). OSDI scores and SSQs after surgery were obviously higher, and had a statistical difference (P<0.001) but didnJt return to the basic level by 3mo.CONCLUSION: Dry eye signs and symptoms can occur immediately following FLACS and have a peak severity on day 7 postoperatively. Most signs of dry eye can return to preoperative basic levels within 3mo postoperatively. However, all cases can not recover from CFS and dry eye symptoms at 3mo postoperatively. | Rui-Hong Ju Yun Chen Hai-Song Chen Wei-Jian Zhou Wei Yang Zhen-De Lin Zhe-Ming Wu | 2019 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2019，12，7： | 4 |
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