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| 1 | 生理性缺铁对库尔勒香梨叶片解剖结构的影响显示文摘为了解生理性缺铁对库尔勒香梨叶片解剖结构的影响,利用透射电镜和石蜡切片法,比较研究了库尔勒香梨在缺铁状态下不同发育期的叶片解剖结构。结果表明,与正常叶相比,缺铁黄化叶片厚度、叶片栅栏组织厚度均极显著降低(P<0.01),叶片上表皮与下表皮厚度均极显著增加(P<0.01)。缺铁黄化叶片维管束细胞排列凌乱,导管严重变形,口径变小,生长后期表现更为突出。黄化叶片叶肉栅栏细胞中叶绿体变形且明显变小,片层系统不能堆垛形成基粒而使基粒片层大部分消失;海绵组织细胞排列松散,细胞内结构解体,甚至整个细胞空泡化。研究认为,香梨叶片外部表现黄化症状是由叶片内部及组织结构变化控制的,对比缺铁导致的标志性显微结构异常以及亚显微结构中特定细胞器的损伤,可以初步区分不同缺素或多重缺素对香梨叶片解剖结构造成的影响。 | 刘泽军 吴玉霞 向永枢 赵越 殷文娟 马旭强 何天明 | 2014 | 新疆农业大学学报2014，37，3： | 9 |
| 2 | Evaluation of protective effect of cactus pear seed oil(Opuntia ficusincida L. MILL.) against alloxan-induced diabetes in mice显示文摘Objective: To evaluate the in vitro antioxidant power of cactus pear seed oil [Opuntia ficusincida L. MILL.(CPSO)] and its protective effect against chemically induced diabetes mellitus in mice. Methods: The in vitro antioxidant effect of CPSO was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) scavenging assay. The preventive effect was conducted on Swiss albino mice treated with CPSO(2 m L/kg, per os), before and after a single intraperitoneal alloxan administration(100 mg/kg). Survival rate, body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured and histopathological analysis of pancreas was performed to evaluate alloxaninduced tissue injuries. Results: CPSO exhibited an antioxidant effect in DPPH scavenging assay. Moreover, the administration of CPSO(2 m L/kg) significantly attenuated alloxaninduced death and hyperglycemia(P<0.001) in treated mice. Morphometric study of pancreas revealed that CPSO significantly protected islets of langerhans against alloxan induced-tissue alterations. Conclusions: Based on theses results, CPSO can prevent alloxan-induced-diabetes by quenching free radicals produced by alloxan and inhibiting tissue injuries in pancreatic β-cells. | Berraaouan Ali Ziyyat Abderrahim Mekhfi Hassane Legssyer Abdelkhaleq Aziz Mohammed Bnouham Mohamed | 2015 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2015，8，7： | 6 |
| 3 | Multiple locus genealogies and phenotypic characters reappraise the causal agents of apple ring rot in China显示文摘Apple ring rot inflicts severe economic losses in the main apple producing areas of East Asia.The causal agent of the disease has been variously identified as Macrophoma kuwatsukai,Physalospora piricola and Botryosphaeria berengeriana f.sp.piricola,although B.dothidea is currently the most widely accepted pathogen name.The taxonomic uncertainty has delayed research that is needed to manage effectively this destructive disease.In the present study,genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition(GCPSR)was applied to pathogenic fungal isolates from apple and pear from several locations in China,along with several reference isolates.Phylogenetic results based on sequences of four nuclear loci(ITS,EF-1α,HIS and HSP)revealed the existence of two species within the examined isolates.One includes an ex-epitype isolate of B.dothidea and the other includes an isolate that was previously designated as B.berengeriana f.sp.piricola.Morphologically,the latter taxon presented an appressed mycelial mat on PDA whereas B.dothidea displayed columns of aerial mycelia reaching the lids,and conidia of the latter species were longer than B.dothidea.Botryosphaeria dothidea had a faster growth rate than the latter taxon under relatively high temperatures.Pathogenicity tests showed that on pear stems the latter taxon caused large-scale cankers along with blisters whereas B.dothidea was non-pathogenic,but on apple shoots the two fungi induced large and small wart-like prominences,respectively.Overall,this cryptic species demonstrated sufficient genetic variations and biological differences from B.dothidea.As a result of taxonomic study,we described here the latter taxon in a new combination,Botryosphaeria kuwatsukai and designate an epitype.Both B.kuwatsukai and B.dothidea are considered to be the main causal agents for apple ring rot in China and Japan. | Chao Xu Chunsheng Wang Liangliang Ju Rong Zhang Alan R.Biggs Eiji Tanaka Bingzhi Li Guangyu Sun | 2015 | Fungal Diversity2015，，2： | 6 |
| 4 | Changes in Sugar Metabolism and Fruit Quality of Different Pear Cultivars During Cold Storage显示文摘This study evaluated the changes in sugar metabolism and fruit quality of diff erent pear cultivars during cold storage using seven major commercial pear cultivars belonging to diff erent Pyrus species, such as P. bretschneideri Rehd.('Huangguan,''Yali'), P. pyrifolia Nakai.('Wonhwang,''Hosui'), P. ussuriensis Maxim.('Jingbai,''Nanguo'), and P. communis L.('Bartlett'). The fi rmness, respiration rate, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, sugar content, and enzyme activity of the seven pear cultivars were investigated. SPSS was used for analyzing the signifi cance of diff erent indexes. Results showed that fructose was the dominant sugar, accounting for > 60% of total sugars, followed by glucose and sucrose. The respiration peak of almost all cultivars appeared within 60 days. The levels of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and total soluble solids increased within 90 days and then generally decreased. Acid invertase showed the highest activity among all pear cultivars, followed by neutral invertase, sucrose synthetase, and sucrose phosphate synthetase during storage. | Yanan Zhao Jinhui Geng Ying Zhang Kyongil Nam Zhaohui Xue Xiaohong Kou | 2019 | Transactions of Tianjin University2019，25，4： | 4 |
| 5 | An assessment of the genetic diversity of pear(Pyrus L.)germplasm resources based on the fruit phenotypic traits显示文摘Germplasm resources are an important basis for genetic breeding and analysis of complex traits,and research on genetic diversity is conducive to the exploration and creation of new types of germplasm.In this study,the distribution frequency,coefficient of variation,Shannon-Wiener index,and variance and cluster analyses were used to analyze the diversity and trait differences of 39 fruit phenotypic traits from 570 pear accessions,which included 456 pear accessions from 11 species and 114 interspecific hybrid cultivars that had been stored in the National Germplasm Repository of Apple and Pear(Xingcheng,China).The comprehensive evaluation indices were screened by correlation,principal component and regression analyses.A total of 132 variant types were detected in 28 categorical traits of pear germplasm fruit,which indicate a rich diversity.The diversity indices in decreasing order were:fruit shape(1.949),attitude of calyx(1.908),flesh texture type(1.700),persistency of calyx(1.681),russet location(1.658),relief of area around eye basin(1.644),flavor(1.610)and ground color(1.592).The coefficient of variation of titratable acidity in the 11 numerical traits of pear germplasm fruit was as high as 128.43%,which could more effectively reflect the differences between pear accessions.The phenotypic differentiation coefficient V_(st)(66.4%)among the five cultivated pear species,including Pyrus bretschneideri(White Pear),P.pyrifolia(Sand Pear),P.ussuriensis(Ussurian Pear),P.sinkiangensis(Xinjiang Pear),and P.communis(European Pear),was higher than the within population phenotypic differentiation coefficient V_(st)(33.6%).The variation among populations was the main source of variation in pear fruit traits.A hierarchical cluster analysis divided the 389 accessions of six cultivated pear species,including P.pashia(Himalayan Pear),into six categories.There were certain characteristics within the populations,and the differences between populations were not completely clustered by region.For example,Sand Pear cultivars from Japan and the Korean Peninsula clustered together with those from China.Most of the White Pear cultivars clustered with the Sand Pear,and a few clustered with the Ussurian Pear cultivars.The Ussurian Pear and European Pear cultivars clustered separately.The Xinjiang Pear and Himalayan Pear did not cluster together,and neither did the cultivars.Seventeen traits,three describing fruit weight and edible rate(fruit diameter,fruit length and fruit core size),five describing outer quality and morphological characteristics(over color,amount of russeting,dot obviousness,fruit shape,and stalk length),and nine describing inner quality(flesh color,juiciness of flesh,aroma,flavor,flesh texture,flesh texture type,soluble solid contents,titratable acidity,and eating quality)were selected from the 39 traits by principal component and stepwise regression analyses.These 17 traits could reflect 99.3%of the total variation and can be used as a comprehensive evaluation index for pear germplasm resources. | ZHANG Ying CAO Yu-fen HUO Hong-liang XU Jia-yu TIAN Lu-ming DONG Xing-guang QI Dan LIU Chao | 2022 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2022，21，8： | 4 |
| 6 | The Variation of Stone Cell Content in 236 Germplasms of Sand Pear(Pyrus pyrifolia)and Identification of Related Candidate Genes显示文摘Stone cells have been described to substantially influence pear fruit quality,as lignin and cellulose are the main components of stone cells.However,there are limited studies on the relationship between the variation and molecular basis of stone cells,lignin and cellulose content among different pear varieties.Here,to reveal the variation of stone cell content within different cultivated species,we collected 236 germplasms of sand pear(Pyrus pyrifolia)at 50 days after flower blooming(DAFB),the key stage of stone cell formation.In our results,we measured the content of stone cells,lignin and cellulose and found that these contents ranged from2.82%to 29.00%,8.84%to 55.30%and 11.52%to 30.55%,respectively.Further analysis showed that the variation coefficient of stone cell,lignin and cellulose content was 39.10%,28.03%and 16.71%,respectively.Additionally,a significant correlation between stone cell,lignin and cellulose content were detected,and the correlation coefficient between the contents of stone cell and lignin(0.912)was higher than between the contents of stone cell and cellulose(0.796).Moreover,the average lignin content(29.73%)was higher than the average cellulose content(18.03%)in stone cells in pear fruits,indicating that lignin is the main component of stone cell in pears.Finally,on the basic of the transcriptome data,we identified 10 transcription factors belonging to bHLH,ERF,MYB,and NAC transcript families,which might be involved in lignin formation in stone cells.qRT-PCR experiments verified coincident trends between expression of candidate genes and stone cell content.This research laid foundation for future studies on genetic variation of stone cells in pear fruits and provided important gene resources for stone cell regulation. | Jiaying Zhang Jiaming Li Cheng Xue Runze Wang Mingyue Zhang Kaijie Qi Jing Fan Hongju Hu Shaoling Zhang Jun Wu | 2021 | Horticultural Plant Journal2021，7，2： | 3 |
| 7 | Isolation and Characterization of a Cinnamoyl CoA Reductase Gene(CCR) in Pear(Pyrus pyrifolia)显示文摘Pear is a popular and commercially important fresh fruit, and its texture is related to the presence of sclereid formatted by parenchyma cell with lignification in vascular plants. Previous studies have demonstrated that content of lignin may be regulated by cinnamoyl CoA reductase(CCR) in various plants. However, the function of CCR in pears remains very limited. In the present study, we isolated a cDNA encoding CCR(PpCCR, GenBank accession No. KF999958) and its promoter(proPpCCR) from Whangkeumbae pear to investigate the function of CCR in lignin biosynthesis. PpCCR-GFP expressed in rice mesophyll protoplast demonstrated that PpCCR-GFP was localized in the cytoplasm, indicating that CCR may function in cytoplasm without localization signals. In transgenic plants carrying PpCCR, we observed higher lignin content compared with that in wild type plants, further suggesting that PpCCR can affect the lignin contents through regulating lignin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. More studies in other plants are needed to confirm our conclusion. | Meng HU Boya TAN Tao WU Xianming LI Junfan TU Fuchen YANG Hongyan ZHU Zhongqi QIN | 2014 | Agricultural Science & Technology2014，15，6： | 2 |
| 8 | PbPH5,an H^(+)P-ATPase on the tonoplast,is related to malic acid accumulation in pear fruit显示文摘Organic acid content is one of the most important factors influencing fruit flavors.The predominant organic acid in most pear cultivars is malic acid,but the mechanism controlling its accumulation remains unclear.In this study,by comparing gene expression levels and organic acid contents,we found that the expression of PbPH5,which encodes a P_(3A)-ATPase,is highly correlated with malic acid accumulation in four different pear species,with correlation coefficients of 0.932**,0.656*,0.900**,and 0.518*(*,P<0.05;**,P<0.01)for Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.,P.communis Linn.,P.pyrifolia Nakai.,and P.ussuriensis Maxim.,respectively.Moreover,the overexpression of PbPH5 in pear significantly increased the malic acid content.In contrast,silencing PbPH5 via RNA interference significantly decreased both its transcript level and the pear fruit malic acid content.A subcellular localization analysis indicated that PbPH5 is located in the tonoplast.Additionally,a phylogenetic analysis indicated that PbPH5 is a PH5 homolog gene that is clustered with the Petunia hybrida,Malus domestica,and Citrus reticulata genes.Considered together,these findings suggest that PbPH5 is a functionally conserved gene.Furthermore,the accumulation of malic acid in pear fruit is at least partly related to changes in the PbPH5 transcription levels. | SONG Jun-xing CHEN Ying-can LU Zhao-hui ZHAO Guang-ping WANG Xiao-li ZHAI Rui WANG Zhi-gang YANG Cheng-quan XU Ling-fei | 2022 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2022，21，6： | 2 |
| 9 | Molecular, serological and biological characterization of a novel Apple stem pitting virus strain from a local pear variety grown in China显示文摘Apple stem pitting virus(ASPV)is an important causal agent of pear diseases.Nowadays,the infection status and molecular characteristics of the virus in old pear trees have never been investigated.In this study,we provide the first complete genome sequence of an ASPV isolate LYC from an over 300-year-old tree of a local Pyrus bretschneideri cultivar‘Chili’specifically grown at Laiyang area in China.ASPV-LYC possesses a chimeric genome consisting of 9273 nucleotides excluding a poly(A)tail at its 3′end and harboring a recombination region in its open reading frame(ORF1)with Aurora-1 and KL9 identified as the major and minor parents.Western blot analysis with antisera against recombinant coat proteins(CPs)of three ASPV isolates from pear indicates that ASPV-LYC is serologically related to these ASPV isolates,but with differential activities.Further biological tests on indicator plants of Pyronia veitchii show that ASPV-LYC can induce serious leaf and stem symptoms as other ASPV isolates.The results provide an important information for understanding molecular evolution of ASPV and suggest a need to prevent dissemination of the isolate among pear trees. | LI Liu ZHENG Meng-meng MA Xiao-fang LI Yuan-jun LI Qing-yu WANG Guo-ping HONG Ni | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2019，18，11： | 2 |
| 10 | Bleeding canker of pears caused by Dickeya fangzhongdai:Symptoms,etiology and biology显示文摘Bleeding canker,a devastating disease of pear trees(Pyrus pyrifolia L.),was first reported in the 1970 s in Jiangsu,China and more recently in other provinces in China.Trees infected with bleeding canker pathogen,Dickeya fangzhongdai,develop cankers on the trunks and branches,and a rust-colored mixture of bacterial ooze and tree sap could be seen all over the trunks and branches.In this study,we provided detail descriptions of the symptoms and epidemiology of bleeding canker disease.Based on pathogenic and phenotypic characterizations,we identified the causal agent of bleeding canker of pear as D.fangzhongdai.Dickeya fangzhongdai strains isolated from pear were also pathogenic on Solanum tuberosum,Brassica pekinensis,Lycopersicon esculentum,and Phalaenopsis aphrodite based on artificial inoculation,and the pathogen were more virulent on potato than that of D.solani strain.This study provides new information about this disease and bleeding canker disease of pear. | CHEN Bin TIAN Yan-li ZHAO Yu-qiang WANG Jia-nan XU Zhi-gang LI Xiang HU Bai-shi | 2020 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2020，19，4： | 2 |
| 11 | 基于PHP的PEAR代码库对医信通平台的设计与实践显示文摘为中小型医院提供一个B/S(Browser/Server)三层架构的智能信息系统通用开发平台(简称医信通)。主要运用PHP的PEAR代码库,在Linux+Aphche+Oracle环境下,设计一个集角色管理、用户管理、模块管理、数据表管理等功能为一体的综合性信息平台,二次开发者只需对模块进行智能组合即可定制业务系统。利用先进的MVC模型成功设计研发了医信通系统,实现了医院信息资源的高度融合,减少了框架重复开发的成本,缩短了功能模块研发周期。本文验证了使用流行Web脚本编程技术开发多功能医院信息平台的可行性,显著提高了信息处理和程序开发的效率。 | 王连根 任慧朋 周睿 | 2015 | 电子设计工程2015，23，13： | 2 |
| 12 | Transcriptional profiles underlying the effects of salicylic acid on fruit ripening and senescence in pear(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)显示文摘Salicylic acid(SA) plays a pivotal role in delaying fruit ripening and senescence. However, little is known about its underlying mechanism of action. In this study, RNA sequencing was conducted to analyze and compare the transcriptome profiles of SA-treated and control pear fruits. We found a total of 159 and 419 genes differentially expressed between the SA-treated and control pear fruits after 12 and 24 h of treatment, respectively. Among these differentially expressed genes(DEGs), 125 genes were continuously differentially expressed at both treatment times, and they were identified as candidate genes that might be associated with SA-regulated fruit ripening and senescence. Bioinformatics analysis results showed that 125 DEGs were mainly associated with plant hormone biosynthesis and metabolism, cell wall metabolism and modification, antioxidant systems, and senescence-associated transcription factors. Additionally, the expression of several candidate DEGs in ripening and senescent pear fruits after SA treatments were further validated by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR). This study provides valuable information and enhances the understanding of the comprehensive mechanisms of SA-meditated pear fruit ripening and senescence. | SHI Hai-yan CAO Li-wen XU Yue YANG Xiong LIU Shui-lin LIANG Zhong-shuo LI Guo-ce YANG Yu-peng ZHANG Yu-xing CHEN Liang | 2021 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2021，20，9： | 2 |
| 13 | Influence of heat stress on leaf ultrastructure, photosynthetic performance, and ascorbate peroxidase gene expression of two pear cultivars(Pyrus pyrifolia)显示文摘Plants encounter a variety of stresses in natural environments. One-year-old pot-grown trees of pear(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai cv. Cuiguan and Wonhwang) were exposed to two heat stress regimes. Under constant short-term heat stress, chloroplasts and mitochondria were visibly damaged. Relative chlorophyll content and maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II were significantly decreased, which indicated that the leaf photosynthetic capability declined. Under chronic heat stress, mesophyll cell ultrastructure was not obviously damaged, but leaf photosynthetic capability was still restrained. As chronic heat stress was a simulation of the natural environment in summer, further study of the responses under this stress regime was undertaken. Ascorbate peroxidase(APX) activity was increased in ‘Cuiguan', but not in ‘Wonhwang'. Inducible expression of PpAPX genes in the cytoplasm, chloroplasts and peroxisomes was consistent with increased APX activity in ‘Cuiguan', whereas only weak induction of PpAPX genes was observed in ‘Wonhwang'. The isoenzymes cytosolic APX1(cAPX1) and stromal APX(sAPX) were confirmed to be localized in the cytoplasm and chloroplasts, respectively. | Dong-feng LIU Dong ZHANG Guo-qin LIU Sayed HUSSAIN Yuan-wen TENG | 2013 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)2013，14，12： | 2 |
| 14 | Establishment of Self-incompatibility Gene cDNA Microarray to Identify S-genotypes of Pyrus pyrifolia显示文摘Based on the c DNA sequences from hyper variable(HV) regions of identified 52 S-alleles in Oriental pear cultivars, S-RNase c DNA probes were designed, and a c DNA microarray for S-RNase detections was established. Each microarray contained 240 sites from 55 c DNA probes, including all specific c DNA sequences from the HV regions of the S-alleles. Using the c DNA of pistils of tested pear cultivars as template and Cy3 fluorescently labeling primers by PCR amplification, microarray hybridization detected the S-genotype of each pear cultivar. The genotypes inferred from the c DNA microarray hybridization signals of pear cultivars such as ‘Lijiang Huangsuanli', ‘Xiuyu', ‘Midu Yuli', ‘Baimianli', and ‘Deshengxiang' were similar to the known genotypes of all tested cultivars. The S-RNase c DNA microarrays and the oligonucleotide gene chips were then used to conduct parallel testing of 24 P. pyrifolia cultivars with unknown S-genotypes. In conclusion, the construction of c DNA microarrays has further improved the pear S-RNase detection platform. | JIANG Nan TAN Xiaofeng ZHANG Lin ZHANG Jingguo HU Hongju | 2015 | Horticultural Plant Journal2015，1，3： | 2 |
| 15 | The optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from cactus pear(Opuntia ficus-indica) skin in a reflux system using response surface methodology显示文摘Objective:To extract,quantify,and evaluate the phenolic content in Opuntia ficus-indica skin for their antioxidant capacity with three different methods(ABTS,DPPH,and lipid oxidation)and to optimize the extraction conditions[time,temperature and ethanol concentration)in a reflux system.Methods:The extraction process was done using a reflux system.A San CristobalⅡexperimental design with three variables and three levels was used.The variables evaluated were time of extraction(h),concentration of ethanol(%,v/v)and temperature(°C).The extraction process was optimized using a response surface methodology.Results:It was observed that at higher temperature more phenolic compounds were extracted,but the antioxidant capacity was decreased.The optimum conditions for phenolic compounds extraction and antioxidant capacity mixing the three methods were as Follows:45%of ethanol,80℃and 2 hours of extraction.Values obtained in our results are little higher that other previously reported.Conclusions:It can he concluded the by-products of Opuntia ficus-indica represent a good source of natural antioxidants with possible applications in food,cosmetics or drugs industries. | Aguirre Joya Jorge De La Garza Toledo Heliodoro Zugasti Cruz Alejandro Belmares Cerda Ruth Aguilar Cristóbal No | 2013 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2013，3，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Phenotype and mechanism analysis of plant dwarfing in pear regulated by abscisic acid显示文摘Close planting of dwarf varieties is currently the main cultivation direction for pear trees,and the screening of excellent dwarf varieties is an important goal for breeders.In this study,the dwarfing pear variety‘601D’and its vigorous mutant‘601T’were used to show their biological characteristics and further explore the dwarfing mechanism in‘601D’.The biological characteristics showed that‘601D’had a shorter internode length,a shorter and more compact tree body,thicker and broader leaves,lower stomata density,larger stomata size(dimension),and higher photosynthetic capacity.The biological characteristics of‘601T’showed notable contrasts.The results of endogenous hormone tests indicated that the contents of abscisic acid(ABA),ABA-glucosyl ester,and GA_(4) were higher in‘601D’,but the trans-zeatin content was lower.By transcriptomic analysis,significant differences were found in the biosynthetic and metabolic pathways of ABA.Related transcription factors such as bHLH,WRKY,and homeobox also participated in the regulation of plant dwarfing.We therefore examined three hormones with obvious differences with‘601T’,and found that only ABA could induce‘601T’to return to a dwarfing plant phenotype.Therefore,we conclude that the dwarfing of‘601D’is caused by an excessive accumulation of ABA.This study provides a new theoretical basis for breeding dwarf varieties. | LIU Jian-long ZHANG Chen-xiao LI Tong-tong LIANG Cheng-lin YANG Ying-jie LI Ding-Li CUI Zhen-hua WANG Ran SONG Jian-kun | 2022 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2022，21，5： | 1 |
| 17 | The Effect of Different Potassium Fertilizers on Fruit Flavor Quality of ‘Xinliqihao’ Pear显示文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different types of potassium fertilizers on the flavor and quality of pear fruit.[Methods] With ‘Xinliqihao’ as a research object,such three treatments as potassium sulfate (T1),potassium nitrate (T2) and potassium chloride (T3) were set up,with no application of potassium fertilizer as control (CK).All the fertilizers were applied into soil in the growing season.[Results] The total sugar content of ‘Xinliqihao’ was significantly higher in the potassium fertilizer treatments than that of the control.The total sugar content of T 2 (the potassium sulfate treatment) was the highest,which was 34.55% higher than that of the control,sequentially followed by T3 (the potassium nitrate treatment) and T1 (the potassium chloride treatment).The contents of fructose,glucose and sucrose in the potassium sulfate treatment were all the highest,which were 15.96%,27.32% and 52.81% higher than those of the potassium chloride treatment,respectively,and 11.36%,27.75% and 20.45% higher than the potassium nitrate treatment,respectively.The total acid content of ‘Xinliqihao’ fruit treated with different types of potassium fertilizers was higher than that of the control.The total acid content of the potassium nitrate treatment was the highest,which was 103.68% higher than that of the control,sequentially followed by the potassium sulfate treatment and the potassium chloride treatment.Both the control and potassium treatments of ‘Xinliqihao’ had the highest malic acid content,and except the potassium chloride treatment with the lowest fumaric acid content,other treatments all had the lowest tartaric acid content.Different types of potassium fertilizer treatments had different effects on the organic acid content of ‘Xinliqihao’ fruit.The types and contents of volatile aroma substances in the fruit of ‘Xinliqihao’ treated with potassium fertilizers were significantly higher than the control.The aroma substances in ‘Xinliqihao’ differed among different potassium fertilizer treatments.Specifically,78 kinds of aroma substances were detected in the potassium chloride treatment,and the total content of aroma components was the highest at 746.609 ng/g in the fruit of the potassium sulfate treatment.[Conclusions] The potassium fertilizer treatments improved the flavor and quality of ‘Xinliqihao’ pear fruit,and the potassium sulfate treatment exhibited the best effects. | Shuwei WEI Shaomin WANG Xiaochang DONG Yong ZHANG Ran DONG Kun RAN Hongwei WANG | 2019 | Agricultural Biotechnology2019，8，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Real-time PCR assay for detection of Dickeya fangzhongdai causing bleeding canker of pear disease in China显示文摘Bleeding canker, caused by Dickeya fangzhongdai, is a devastating disease of pear in China. The bacterium causes cankers, branch die-back, and eventually kills pear trees. The typical sign of bleeding canker infection is a rusty-brown bacterial ooze that exudes down from cankers onto branches or trunks. However, early symptoms and signs are inconspicuous, which makes effective disease management difficult. Detection and identification of D. fangzhongdai are time-consuming and difficult because no rapid method exists to date. In this study, a Taq Man real-time PCR assay was developed for D. fangzhongdai based on an elongation factor G(fus A) gene. The real-time PCR assay detected 0.2 pg μL^-1 DNA and 1×10^3 Cfu m L^-1 of D. fangzhongdai. Based on this assay, bleeding canker on asymptomatic pear trees can be diagnosed as early as 5 days after infection. The real-time PCR assay can facilitate disease management by providing early and accurate diagnosis of the bleeding canker disease of pear. | TIAN Yan-li ZHAO Yu-qiang CHEN Bao-hui CHEN Shuo ZENG Rong HU Bai-shi LI Xiang | 2020 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2020，19，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Identification of S-genotypes and a novel S-RNase in 84 native Chinese pear accessions显示文摘The Chinese pear(Pyrus spp.)exhibits typical gametophytic self-incompatibility(GSI),which inhibits self-crossing and promotes outcrossing,similar to other fruit species in the Rosaceae family.Thus,S-compatible cultivars are required in pear orchards to ensure successful pollination and stable yields.In this study,84 native Chinese pear accessions were genotyped by allele-specific PCR using one pair allele consensus primers and 29 pairs of S-allele-specific primers that were designed in this study.After cloning and sequencing the PCR products,the S-genotypes of all 84 pear accessions,including wild and cultivated accessions,were determined.The reported 34 S-alleles and a novel S-allele were isolated from these pear accessions.These S-alleles were expressed specifically in the style.Sequence analysis identified that six pear cultivars originated in China shared the same S-RNases with P.communis(Pc).These findings supported the hypothesis that oriental and occidental Pyrus spp.may share the same pool of alleles at the S-locus.A novel S-RNase was isolated in ‘Putiandouli’,‘Daguoshanli’,‘Yunhongli1,and‘Dianli’and deposited as S67-RNase under accession number MT773568.Furthermore,the deduced amino acid sequences exhibited high similarity(99.56%)to S32-RNase in Malus.The high similarity between S-RNase in Pyrus and Malus indicated that the existence of S-RNase could have predated speciation between Pyrus and Malus.Furthermore,S-allele information was rearranged in Asian and European pears to provide information for selecting the best pollinator for widely cultivated pear cultivars in China.This information is useful for pear production,cross-breeding,and understanding the mechanism of the self-incompatibility reaction. | Min He Lufei Li Ying Xu Jianxin Mu Zhihua Xie Chao Gu Shaoling Zhang | 2022 | Horticultural Plant Journal2022，8，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Genome-wide identification and co-expression analysis of GDSL genes related to suberin formation during fruit russeting in pear显示文摘Glycine-aspartic acid–serine-leucine(GDSL)type lipases/esterases genes play critical roles in plant development and are related to the responses to abiotic and biotic stress.However,little is known about the GDSL family in pear(Pyrus spp.).Studies have shown GDSL-domain proteins play key roles in suberin deposition.Suberin deposition in the fruit epidermis,also called russeting,is an important defect that negatively affects consumer's appeal in some fruit species,such as pear,apple and grapevine.Fruit russeting is mainly associated with cuticle microcracking and suberin accumulation in the inner part of the epidermal cell walls.To gain insight into the role of the GDSL gene family in suberin deposition and russet development in pear,we performed a genome-wide characterization of the GDSL family,including their identification,chromosomal localization,phylogenetic relationships,and expression patterns,in different tissues/organs in pear.One hundred and thirteen GDSL-type lipases/esterases genes were identified in the pear genome,and a phylogenetic analysis revealed that GDSL family can be classified into four distinct groups.Thirty GDSL genes were co-expressed with five homolog pear genes of three well-known suberin biosynthesis Arabidopsis genes(AtGPAT5,AtASFT,and AtCYP86B1)in the transcriptional co-expression network during pear fruit development.Among the 30 co-expressed GDSL genes,twelve genes were further analyzed by quantitative Real-time PCR,and the results showed the expression levels of the 12 genes were different between the russet exocarp and green exocarp of sand pear at different fruit development stages.Our study provides a detailed overview of the GDSL gene family and lays the foundation for future functional characterization of GDSL genes in P.bretschneideri. | Pujuan Zhang Hong Zhang Jianke Du Yushan Qiao | 2022 | Horticultural Plant Journal2022，8，2： | 1 |
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