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| 1 | Saline dust storms and their ecological impacts in arid regions显示文摘In many arid and semiarid regions,saline playas represent a significant source of unconsoli-dated sediments available for aeolian transport,and severe saline dust storms occur frequently due to human disturbance.In this study,saline dust storms are reviewed systematically from the aspects of con-cept,general characteristics,conditions of occurrence,distribution and ecological impact.Our researches showed that saline dust storms are a kind of chemical dust storm originating in dry lake beds in arid and semiarid regions;large areas of unconsolidated saline playa sediments and frequent strong winds are the basic factors to saline dust storm occurrence;there are differentiation characteristics in deposition flux and chemical composition with wind-blown distance during saline dust storm diffusion;and saline dust storm diffusion to some extent increases glacier melt and results in soil salinization in arid regions.An under-standing of saline dust storms is important to guide disaster prevention and ecological rehabilitation. | Jilili Abuduwaili | 2010 | Journal of Arid Land2010，2，2： | 21 |
| 2 | Palaeoclihlatic Indicators of China's Quaternary Saline Lake Sediments and Hydrochemistry显示文摘In this paper the authors classify saline lake sediments into the cold, warm and eurythermal phases, reveal the consistency between the zoning of hydrochemical types of modern saline lake water and climatic zoning and give climatic parameters under the conditions of typical cold phase (mirabilite and natron), warm phase (thenar-dite) and slightly warm phase (bloedite) saline lake deposition. | ZHENG Mianping, ZHAO Yuanyi and LIU JunyingResearch & Development Center of Saline Lake and Epithermal Deposits,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037 | 2000 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2000，74，2： | 17 |
| 3 | The salt accumulation at the shifting aeolian sandy soil surface with high salinity groundwater drip irrigation in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert显示文摘The EC analysis and water serial sampling was performed in the Tarim Desert Highway shelterbelt to explore the water and salt dynamics of the shallow aeolian sandy soil ( 0-30cm) under high salinity groundwater drip irrigation. It was found that in one irrigation cycle, the EC of the shallow shifting aeolian sandy soil ( 0-30cm) increased while the water content decreased. The EC of the surface aeolian sandy soil at the wetting front was far greater than that of the wetting area or the outside of the wetting area. During the irrigation cycle, the EC of the wetting front and the wetting area changed at a significant magnitude, whereas the EC of the outside of the wetting area remained largely steady. The horizontal influence distance of drip irrigation on the salt accumulation at the soil surface was about 100 cm, and the vertical influence depth was 5 cm. The three most abundant ions in the accumulated salt at the aeolian sandy soil surface were Na+, Cl- and SO42-. The salt accumulation at the soil surface was influenced by air temperature, wind speed, mineralization of irrigation water, sand burial thickness, soil texture, and litter content. | ZHANG JianGuo XU XinWen LEI JiaQiang SUN ShuGuo FAN JingLong LI ShengYu GU Feng QIU YongZhi XU Bo | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，S2： | 10 |
| 4 | EFFECT OF RADIX SALVIAE MILTIORRHIZAE ON EAA AND IAA DURING CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA IN GERBILS: A MICRODIALYSIS STUDY显示文摘The concentrations of amino acids (AA), stroke index and infarct area were determined in 26 gerbils which were divided into 3 groups: RSM-treated (n = 8), Saline-treated (n = 10) and sham-operated (n = 8). The levels of AA were measured with microdialysis technique in cerebral cortex. The concentrations of neurotransmitter AA, as Glu and GABA and Asp, were significantly increased during the first 60 min after CCA ligation, while the concentra-tions of non-neurotransmitter AA, as Thr and Ser, had no significant changes. In RSM-treated gerbils, the level of Glu was significantly lower than that of the saline-treated, but the GABA in RSM-treated was significantly higher than that of the sa-line-treated. The ratio of Glu/ GABA was significantly decreased after ischemia. The RSM could improve the reduction of ratio of Glu / GABA during 0-30 min and 91-120 min after cerebral ischemia. There were statistically significant decrease in terms of stroke index in RSM-treated group when compared with saline-treated group at 24 h and 16 h after CCA ligation respectively. The RSM has a tendency to decrease the size of infarct area, but no statistical difference. The results suggest that the neurotransmitter AA involve in the pathophysiological procedures of cerebral ischemia and the RSM can attenuate dysfunctions of EAA and IAA. Furthermore, the results also imply that there may be an alternate way to treat cerebral ischemia by inhibiting the presynaptic releasing of Glu and stimulating the releasing of GABA. | 匡培根 向敬 | 1994 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine1994，14，1： | 10 |
| 5 | Vertical response of microbial community and degrading genes to petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in saline alkaline soil显示文摘A column microcosm was conducted by amending crude oil into Dagang Oilfield soil to simulate the bioremediation process. The dynamic change of microbial communities and metabolic genes in vertical depth soil from 0 to 80 cm were characterized to evaluate the petroleum degradation potential of indigenous microorganism. The influence of environmental variables on the microbial responds to petroleum contamination were analyzed. Degradation extent of 42.45% of n-alkanes(C8–C40) and 34.61% of 16ΣPAH were reached after 22 weeks. Relative abundance of alkB, nah, and phe gene showed about 10-fold increment in different depth of soil layers. Result of HTS profiles demonstrated that Pseudomonas, Marinobacter and Lactococcus were the major petroleum-degrading bacteria in0–30 and 30–60 cm depth of soils. Fusarium and Aspergillus were the dominant oil-degrading fungi in the 0–60 cm depth of soils. In 60–80 cm deep soil, anaerobic bacteria such as Bacteroidetes, Lactococcus, and Alcanivorax played important roles in petroleum degradation.Redundancy analysis(RDA) and correlation analysis demonstrated that petroleum hydrocarbons(PHs) as well as soil salinity, clay content, and anaerobic conditions were the dominant effect factors on microbial community compositions in 0–30, 30–60, and 60–80 cm depth of soils, respectively. | Qinglong Liu Jingchun Tang Xiaomei Liu Benru Song Meinan Zhen Nicholas J.Ashbolt | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019，31，7： | 9 |
| 6 | THE C^(14) AGE AND CYCLE OF SEDIMENTATION OF SOME SALINE LAKES ON THE QINGHAI-XIZANG PLATEAU显示文摘On the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, there are a number of inland lakes that are the highest above sea level and the largest of their kind in the world. Most of them are structural lakes, their genesis and formation being influenced by structural factors. Amongst them there are more than 100 saline lakes in which are accumulated inexhaustible minerals such as halite, glauber salt, strintium minerals, borate, lithium mineral and sylvine. | 黄麒 蔡碧琴 余俊青 | 1981 | Chinese Science Bulletin1981，26，1： | 8 |
| 7 | Hydrogen-rich saline protects against hepatic injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion and laparoscopic hepatectomy in swine显示文摘Background: Hydrogen-rich saline(HRS) has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. We investigated the effects of hydrogen on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) and laparoscopic hepatectomy in swine. Methods: Twenty-one healthy Bama miniature pigs were randomly divided into the sham group, ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI) group, HRS-5(5 m L/kg) group, and HRS-10(10 m L/kg) group. HRS was injected through the portal vein 10 min before reperfusion and at postoperative day 1, 2 and 3. The roles of HRS on oxidative stress, inflammatory response and liver regeneration were studied. Results: Compared with the IRI group, HRS treatment attenuated oxidative stress by increasing catalase activity and reducing myeloperoxidase. White blood cells in the HRS-10 group were reduced compared with the IRI group( P < 0.01). In the HRS-10 group, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha, C-reactive protein and cortisol were downregulated, whereas interleukin-10 was upregulated. In addition, HRS attenuated endothelial cell injury and promoted the secretion of angiogenic cytokines, including vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2. HRS elevated the levels of hepatocyte growth factor, Cyclin D1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Ki-67 and reduced the secretion of transforming growth factor-beta. Conclusions: HRS treatment may exert a protective effect against I/R and hepatectomy-induced hepatic damage by reducing oxidative stress, suppressing the inflammatory response and promoting liver regeneration. | Yan-Song Ge Qian-Zhen Zhang Hui Li Ge Bai Zhi-Hui Jiao Hong-Bin Wang | 2019 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2019，18，1： | 8 |
| 8 | Isotopic compositions of chlorine in brine and saline minerals显示文摘CHLORINE in the nature has two stable isotopes, 35Cl and 37Cl. Two methods of determining isotopic ratios of chlorine were once developed. Owen, Kaufmann and Long determined 37Cl/35Cl ratios based on the measurement of CH3Cl+ ion produced by ionization of methyl chlorine. The precision of the measurement of Cl-(NTIMS) was reported by Shields and Vengosh. The NTIMS has less precision. | Xiao, YK Liu, WG Zhou, YM Sun, DP | 1997 | Chinese Science Bulletin1997，42，5： | 7 |
| 9 | Combined application of a straw layer and flue gas desulphurization gypsum to reduce soil salinity and alkalinity显示文摘Burying a straw layer and applying flue gas desulphurization(FGD)gypsum are effective practices to ameliorate soil salinization or alkalization and to increase crop yield;however,little information exists on the effects of such integration in saline-alkali soils.A soil column experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a straw layer plus FGD gypsum on soil salinity and alkalinity.We placed a straw layer(5 cm thick)at a depth of 30 cm and mixed FGD gypsum into the 0–20 cm soil layer at application rates of 7.5,15.0,22.5,and 30.0 t ha^-1,with no straw layer and FGD gypsum as a control(CK).The soil water content in the 0–30 cm soil layer was significantly higher(>7.8%)in the treated soil profiles after infiltration than in the CK,but decreased after evaporation.The electrical conductivity(EC)of the 10–30 cm soil layer was 230.2%and 104.9%higher in the treated soil profiles than in the CK after infiltration and evaporation,respectively,and increased with increasing rates of FGD gypsum application,with Ca^2+and SO4^2-being the main dissolved salts.Compared to those in the CK,the concentrations of Na^+,Cl^-,and HCO3-decreased in the treated soil profiles at depths above 55 cm,but the other soluble ions increased,after infiltration.A similar trend occurred after evaporation for all soluble ions except for HCO3-.The p H and exchangeable sodium percentage in the treated soil profiles were significantly lower than those in the CK over the entire profile,and decreased with increasing FGD gypsum application rates.Therefore,the incorporation of a straw layer plus FGD gypsum can reduce salinity and alkalinity,but the quantity of FGD gypsum should be controlled in saline-alkali soils. | Yonggan ZHAO Yan LI Shujuan WANG Jing WANG Lizhen XU | 2020 | Pedosphere2020，30，2： | 7 |
| 10 | Effects of Meglumine Cyclic Adenylate Pretreatment on Systemic inflammatory Response Syndrome Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Rats显示文摘Studies showed that the use of cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) substitutes or intracellular c AMP activators increased intracellular cAMP level, causing anti-inflammatory effects. This study was to investigate the effects of pretreatment with meglumine cyclic adenylate(MCA), a compound of meglumine and cAMP, on systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in rats. Eighteen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=6 each): control group(NS group), LPS group(LPS group) and LPS with MCA pretreatment group(MCA group). Systemic inflammation was induced with LPS 10 mg/kg injected via the femoral vein in LPS and MCA groups. In MCA group, MCA 2 mg/kg was injected via the femoral vein 20 min before LPS injection, and the equal volume of normal saline was given in NS and LPS groups at the same time. Three hours after LPS injection, the blood samples were taken from the abdominal aorta for determination of plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, cAMP by ELISA and NF-κBp65 expression by Western blotting. The experimental results showed that inflammatory and antiinflammatory indices were increased in LPS group compared to NS group; inflammatory indices were declined and anti-inflammatory indices were increased in MCA group relative to LPS group. Our study suggested that MCA pretreatment may attenuate LPS-induced systemic inflammation. | 刘薇 陈璟莉 刘恒义 严虹 | 2017 | Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences)2017，37，3： | 7 |
| 11 | An unusual isotopic fractionation of boron in synthetic calcium carbonate precipitated from seawater and saline water显示文摘Inorganic calcium carbonate precipitation from natural seawater and saline water at various pH values was carried out experimentally. The results show the clear positive relationships between boron concentration and δ11B of inorganic calcium carbonate with the pH of natural seawater and saline water. However, the variations of boron isotopic fractionation between inorganic calcite and seawater/saline water with pH are inconsistent with the hypothesis that B(OH)4- is the dominant spe-cies incorporated into the biogenic calcite structure. The isotopic fractionation factors α between synthetic calcium carbonate precipitate and parent solutions increase systematically as pH increases, from 0.9884 at pH 7.60 to 1.0072 at pH 8.60 for seawater and from 0.9826 at pH 7.60 to 1.0178 at pH 8.75 for saline water. An unusual boron isotopic fractionation factor of larger than 1 in synthetic calcium carbonate precipitated from seawater/saline water at higher pH is observed, which implies that a substantial amount of the isotopically heavier B(OH)3 species must be incorporated preferentially into synthetic inorganic carbonate. The results propose that the incorporation of B(OH)3 is attributed to the formation of Mg(OH)2 at higher pH of calcifying microenvironment during the synthetic calcium carbonate precipitation. The preliminary experiment of Mg(OH)2 precipitated from artificial seawater shows that heavier 11B is enriched in Mg(OH)2 precipitation, which suggests that isotopically heavier B(OH)3 species incorporated preferentially into Mg(OH)2 precipitation. This result cannot be applied to explain the boron isotopic fractionation of marine bio-carbonate because of the possibility that the unusual environment in this study appears in formation of marine bio-carbonate is infinitesimal. We, however, must pay more attention to this phenomenon observed in this study, which accidentally appears in especially natural environment. | XIAO Yingkai1,2,LI Shizhen1,WEI Haizhen1,SUN Aide1,ZHOU Weijian2 & LIU Weiguo2 1. Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,China 2. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710075,China | 2006 | Science China Chemistry2006，49，5： | 7 |
| 12 | The Effects of Biochar on Germination and Growth of Wheat in Different Saline-alkali Soil显示文摘Saline alkali soil can cause physiological drought on crops,so only some salinity tolerant crops can grow in saline alkali soil.Biochar can increase the utilize efficiency of nutrient and the water retention of the soil,and affect the growth of the plant.In this research,four different proportion of biochar was added in five different levels of saline-alkali soil for pot culture experiment.The pH of the soil increases as the proportion of biochar increase in same saline-alkali level soil,while the EC decrease as the proportion of biochar increase.The germination rate of wheat seeds varies as the different of soil's saline-alkali level.Notable among these results is the germination of wheat seeds in the serious saline-alkali soil without biochar added is 0,while in 45%biochar added in serious saline-alkali soil,the germination rate get to as high as 48.9%.Also,biochar improve the growth of wheat seedling,while for mild saline alkali soil and normal soil.Biochar had no obvious effect on the growth of wheat seedling. | Guijun WANG Zhenwen XU | 2013 | Asian Agricultural Research2013，5，11： | 7 |
| 13 | Site type classification for the shelter-forest ecological project along the Tarim Desert Highway显示文摘Site types of the afforestation region of the shelter-forest ecological project along the Tarim Desert Highway were classified based on the natural conditions and windblown sand damages. The extremely severe environment, the irrigation with saline water, and large-scale linear project makes this classification of site types most unique and significant. It adopted a three-level classification system integrating the dominant factors and restrictive factors in regard to their impacts on plant survival and growth as well as on the protective property. Six site type districts were classified based on the medium-scale geomorphic unit, the windblown sand damages, and the major production facilities; 21 site type groups were obtained according to the small-scale geomorphic type, terrain, and wind regime; 36 site types were further classified based on the salt contents of the underground water and soil types. Especially, in this study, spatial distribution of the six site type districts along the desert highway is continuous, which is unique and different from that of most other classifications. In addition, the salt-stress tolerance threshold of the main afforestation plant species to underground water have been set to 8 g/L and 15 g/L according to selective breeding tests and the salinity spatial distribution of the underground water. Thus, the underground water with salinity lower than 8 g/L is defined as light saline water in this area. | LI BingWen XU XinWen LEI JiaQiang QIU YongZhi XU Bo ZHOU HongWei WANG Qiang WANG BO SU Wei | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，S2： | 6 |
| 14 | Effect of Friedel's salt on strength enhancement of stabilized chloride saline soil显示文摘In the field of soil stabilization, only calcium silicate hydrate(CSH) and ettringite(AFt) as hydration products have been reported to directly contribute to the strength enhancement of the soil. A chloride dredger fill, an artificial chloride saline soil, and a non-saline soil were stabilized by Portland cement(PC) and PC with Ca(OH)_2(CH) with different contents. A series of unconfined compressive strength(UCS) tests of stabilized soil specimen after curing for 7 d and 28 d were carried out, and the hydration products and microstructure of the specimens were observed by X-ray diffractometry(XRD), scanning electronic microscopy(SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis(EDXA). The results showed that the strengths of PC+CH-stabilized chloride saline soils were much higher than those of PC-stabilized soils. A new hydration product of calcium aluminate chloride hydrate, also known as Friedel's salt, appeared in the PC+CH-stabilized chloride saline soils. The solid-phase volume of Friedel's salt expanded during the formation of the hydrate; this volume filled the pores in the stabilized soil. This pore-filling effect was the most important contribution to the significantly enhanced strength of the PC+CH-stabilized chloride saline soils. On the basis of this understanding, a new optimized stabilizer was designed according to the concept that the chloride in saline soil could be utilized as a component of the stabilizer. The strength of the chloride saline soils stabilized by the optimized stabilizer was even further increased compared with that of the PC+CH-stabilized soils. | 程寅 李战国 黄新 白晓红 | 2017 | Journal of Central South University2017，24，4： | 6 |
| 15 | Controversies in fluid therapy: Type, dose and toxicity显示文摘Fluid therapy is perhaps the most common intervention received by acutely ill hospitalized patients; however, a number of critical questions on the efficacy and safety of the type and dose remain. In this review, recent insights derived from randomized trials in terms of fluid type, dose and toxicity are discussed. We contend that the prescription of fluid therapy is context-specific and that any fluid can be harmful if administered inappropriately. When contrasting ‘‘crystalloid vs colloid'', differences in efficacy are modest but differences in safety are significant. Differences in chloride load and strong ion difference across solutions appear to be clinically important. Phases of fluid therapy in acutely ill patients are recognized, including acute resuscitation, maintaining homeostasis, and recovery phases. Quantitative toxicity(fluid overload) is associated with adverse outcomes and can be mitigated when fluid therapy basedon functional hemodynamic parameters that predict volume responsiveness and minimization of non-essential fluid. Qualitative toxicity(fluid type), in particular for iatrogenic acute kidney injury and metabolic acidosis, remain a concern for synthetic colloids and isotonic saline, respectively. Physiologically balanced crystalloids may be the ‘‘default'' fluid for acutely ill patients and the role for colloids, in particular hydroxyethyl starch, is increasingly unclear. We contend the prescription of fluid therapy is analogous to the prescription of any drug used in critically ill patients. | Robert C McDermid Karthik Raghunathan Adam Romanovsky Andrew D Shaw Sean M Bagshaw | 2014 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2014，3，1： | 5 |
| 16 | CONCEPT, DISTRIBUTION LAW AND FORMATION MACHANISM OF INLAND SALINE ALKALINE WETLAND─ ─ Taking Songliao Plain for Example显示文摘The paper, taking Songliao Plain for example, studied the concept, distribution law and formation mechanism of inland saline alkaline wetland. The inland saline alkaline wetland is distributed over the inland region of arid or semi arid climate; it is the wet or slightly stagnant environment, forming saline alkaline soil and salt vegetation and making the geogra phical environment fonming complex with an ecosystem of saline alkaline wetland. The laws of zone nature and non zone nature control the distribution of the inland saline alkaline wetland that extensively spreads in north part of China and other countries. The inland saline alkaline wetland is formed jointly by atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere including intellectual sphere. Under the special condition, the artificial activity is possibly the key function. In order to improve the human environment, it is a great duty confronting the whole world to rationally transform the inland saline alkaline wetland. Therefore, we presented an anti inland theory to promote the environment transformation. | SUN Guang you1, LUO Xin zheng2 , YI Fu ke1 , ZHANG Xiao ping1 (1.Changchun Institute of Geography, the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130021,P.R.China 2.Institute of Geography, Academy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052,P.R.China) | 2000 | Chinese Geographical Science2000，10，3： | 5 |
| 17 | Initial formation of corrosion products on pure zinc in saline solution显示文摘Corrosion product formed on zinc sample during 2 weeks immersion in saline solution has been investigated.The corrosion layer morphology as well as its chemical composition,was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),x-ray diffraction(XRD),x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).Electrochemical measurement was used to analyze the corrosion behavior.Zinc oxide,zinc hydroxide and zinc hydroxide chloride were formed on zinc surface in saline solution.The thickness of corrosion layer increased with the time increased.The pure Zn has an estimated corrosion rate of 0.063mmy^−1 after immersion for 336 h.Probable mechanisms of zinc corrosion products formation are presented. | Yao Meng Lijun Liu Dawei Zhang Chaofang Dong Yu Yan Alex A.Volinsky Lu-Ning Wang | 2019 | Bioactive Materials2019，4，1： | 5 |
| 18 | A review of carbonates as hydrocarbon source rocks: basic geochemistry and oil–gas generation显示文摘Carbonates have been known to act as hydrocarbon source rocks, but their basic geochemical and associated hydrocarbon generation characteristics remain not well understood as they occur with argillaceous source rocks in most cases, and the hydrocarbon generation from each rock type is di cult to distinguish, forming one of puzzling issues within the field of petroleum geology and geochemistry. To improve the understanding of this critical issue, this paper reviews recent advances in this field and provides a summary of key areas that can be studied in future. Results show that carbonate source rocks are generally associated with high-salinity environments with low amounts of terrestrial inputs and low dissolved oxygen contents. Petrographically, these source rocks are dark gray or black, fine-grained, stratified, and contain bacterial and algal bioprecursors along with some other impurities. They generally have low organic matter contents, although these can vary significantly in di erent cases(e.g., the total organic carbon contents of marine and lacustrine carbonate source rocks in China are generally 0.1%–1.0% and 0.4%–4.0%, respectively). These rocks contain type I and type II kerogen, meaning there is a lack of vitrinites. This means that assessment of the maturity of the organic matter in these sediments needs to use non-traditional techniques rather than vitrinite reflectance. In terms of molecular geochemistry, carbonate source rocks have typical characteristics indicative of generally reducing and saline environments and lower organism-dominated bioprecursors of organic matter, e.g., high contents of sulfur compounds, low Pr/Ph ratios, and dominance of n-alkanes. Most of the carbonate source rocks are typically dominated by D-type organic facies in an oxidized shallow water mass, although high-quality source rocks generally contain A-and B-type organic facies in saline lacustrine and marine-reducing environments, respectively. The hydrocarbon generation model for the carbonate source rocks can involve early, middle, and late stages, with a diversity of hydrocarbons within these rocks, which can be aggregated, adsorbed, enclosed within minerals, or present as inclusions. This in turn implies that the large-scale hydrocarbon expulsion from these rocks is reliant on brittle deformation caused by external forces. Finally, a number of aspects of these source rocks remain unclear and need further study, including the e ectiveness of carbonates as hydrocarbon source rocks, bioprecursors, and hydrocarbon generation models of carbonate source rock, and the di erences between marine and lacustrine carbonate source rocks. | Liu-Wen Xia Jian Cao Ming Wang Ju-Lei Mi Ting-Ting Wang | 2019 | Petroleum Science2019，16，4： | 5 |
| 19 | Plasma-Lyte 148: A clinical review显示文摘AIM To outline the physiochemical properties and specific clinical uses of Plasma-Lyte 148 as choice of solution for fluid intervention in critical illness, surgery and perioperative medicine.METHODS We performed an electronic literature search from Medline and Pub Med(via Ovid), anesthesia and pharmacology textbooks, and online sources including studies that compared Plasma-Lyte 148 to other crystalloid solutions. The following keywords were used: 'surgery', 'anaesthesia', 'anesthesia', 'anesthesiology', 'anaesthesiology', 'fluids', 'fluid therapy', 'crystalloid', 'saline', 'plasma-Lyte', 'plasmalyte', 'hartmann's', 'ringers' 'acetate', 'gluconate', 'malate', 'lactate'. All relevant articles were accessed in full. We summarized the data and reported the data in tables and text. RESULTS We retrieved 104 articles relevant to the choice of Plasma-Lyte 148 for fluid intervention in critical illness, surgery and perioperative medicine. We analyzed the data and reported the results in tables and text.CONCLUSION Plasma-Lyte 148 is an isotonic, buffered intravenous crystalloid solution with a physiochemical composition that closely reflects human plasma. Emerging data supports the use of buffered crystalloid solutions in preference to saline in improving physicochemical outcomes. Further large randomized controlled trials assessing the comparative effectiveness of PlasmaLyte 148 and other crystalloid solutions in measuring clinically important outcomes such as morbidity and mortality are needed. | Laurence Weinberg Neil Collins Kiara Van Mourik Chong Tan Rinaldo Bellomo | 2016 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2016，5，4： | 5 |
| 20 | THE EFFECT OF RADIX SALVIAE MILTIORRHIZAE ON VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE IN CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA:AN ANIMAL EXPERIMENT显示文摘The levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)in three regions of rat brain were assayed in 62 rats.Bilateral common carotid artery ligation was donein 50 rats.Half an hour before ligation 26 rats weregiven 10 g/kg of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae(RSM);24 rats were given same volume of normalsaline as controls.A sham operation wasdone in 12 rats.Half an hour(n=30)and 3hours(n=32)after operation,the rats were quicklydecapitated.VIP levels were assayed in cerebralcortex,hippocampus and caudate nucleus,in salin-treated animals,VIP levels of cerebral cortex andcaudate nucleus at 3 hour group were significantlydecreased compared with the sham-operated group.No significant difference was found between RSM-treated and sham-operated groups.The preliminaryresults suggest that VIP may be involved in thepathophysiological procedures of cerebral ischemiaand RSM may attenuate the dysfunction of VIPduring cerebral ischemia. | 匡培根 吴卫平 张凤英 刘洁晓 蒲传强 | 1989 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine1989，9，3： | 5 |
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