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| 1 | 3D bioprinting for biomedical devices and tissue engineering: A review of recent trends and advances显示文摘3D printing,an additive manufacturing based technology for precise 3D construction,is currently widely employed to enhance applicability and function of cell laden scaffolds.Research on novel compatible biomaterials for bioprinting exhibiting fast crosslinking properties is an essential prerequisite toward advancing 3D printing applications in tissue engineering.Printability to improve fabrication process and cell encapsulation are two of the main factors to be considered in development of 3D bioprinting.Other important factors include but are not limited to printing fidelity,stability,crosslinking time,biocompatibility,cell encapsulation and proliferation,shear-thinning properties,and mechanical properties such as mechanical strength and elasticity.In this review,we recite recent promising advances in bioink development as well as bioprinting methods.Also,an effort has been made to include studies with diverse types of crosslinking methods such as photo,chemical and ultraviolet(UV).We also propose the challenges and future outlook of 3D bioprinting application in medical sciences and discuss the high performance bioinks. | Soroosh Derakhshanfar Rene Mbeleck Kaige Xu Xingying Zhang Wen Zhong Malcolm Xing | 2018 | Bioactive Materials2018，3，2： | 21 |
| 2 | Effect of sintering temperature in argon atmosphere on microstructure and properties of 3D printed alumina ceramic cores显示文摘Alumina ceramics with different sintering temperatures in argon atmosphere were obtained using stereolithography-based 3D printing.The effects of sintering temperature on microstructure and physical and mechanical properties were investigated.The results show that the average particle size,shrinkage,bulk density,crystallite size,flexural strength,Vickers hardness,and nanoindentation hardness increased with the increase in sintering temperature,whereas the open porosity decreased with increasing sintering temperature.No change was observed in phase composition,chemical bond,atomic ratio,and surface roughness.For the sintered samples,the shrinkage in Z direction is much greater than that in X or Y direction.The optimum sintering temperature in argon atmosphere is 1350℃with a shrinkage of 3.0%,3.2%,and 5.5%in X,Y,and Z directions,respectively,flexural strength of 26.7 MPa,Vickers hardness of 198.5 HV,nanoindentation hardness of 33.1 GPa,bulk density of 2.5 g/cm^3,and open porosity of 33.8%.The optimum sintering temperature was 70℃higher than that sintering in air atmosphere when achieved the similar properties. | He LI Yongsheng LIU Yansong LIU Qingfeng ZENG Kehui HU Zhigang LU Jingjing LIANG | 2020 | Journal of Advanced Ceramics2020，9，2： | 13 |
| 3 | Photopolymerization-based additive manufacturing of ceramics:A systematic review显示文摘Conversion of inorganic-organic frameworks (ceramic precursors and ceramic-polymer mixtures) into solid mass ceramic structures based on photopolymerization process is currently receiving plentiful attention in the field of additive manufacturing (3D printing).Various techniques(e.g.,stereolithography,digital light processing,and two-photon polymerization) that are compatible with this strategy have so far been widely investigated.This is due to their cost-viability,flexibility,and ability to design and manufacture complex geometric structures.Different platforms related to these techniques have been developed too,in order to meet up with modem technology demand.Most relevant to this review are the challenges faced by the researchers in using these 3D printing techniques for the fabrication of ceramic structures.These challenges often range from shape shrinkage,mass loss,poor densification,cracking,weak mechanical performance to undesirable surface roughness of the final ceramic structures.This is due to the brittle nature of ceramic materials.Based on the summary and discussion on the current progress of material-technique correlation available,here we show the significance of material composition and printing processes in addressing these challenges.The use of appropriate solid loading,solvent,and preceramic polymers in forming slurries is suggested as steps in the right direction.Techniques are indicated as another factor playing vital roles and their selection and development are suggested as plausible ways to remove these barriers. | Sefiu Abolaji RASAKI Dingyu XIONG Shufeng XIONG Fang SU Muhammad IDREES Zhangwei CHEN | 2021 | Journal of Advanced Ceramics2021，10，3： | 8 |
| 4 | Microstructure and properties of 3D-printed alumina ceramics with different heating rates in vacuum debinding显示文摘The effect of heating rates during vacuum debinding on the microstructure and mechanical properties of alumina ceramics are discussed in this paper.The threedimensional(3D)-printed alumina ceramics examined in this study were found to have a layered structure,and interlayer spacing increased as the heating rate increased The pore diameter,shrinkage,flexural strength and hardness were found to decrease as the heating rate increased due to weak interfacial bonding between alumina particles Shrinkage was found to be much larger along the Z direction than along the X or Y directions due to the layer-bylayer forming mode during 3D printing.0.5°C·min-1is considered the optimum heating rate,yielding ceramics with interlayer spacing of 0.65 lm,shrinkage of 2.6%2.3%and 4.0%along the X,Y and Z directions,respectively,flexural strength of 27.5 MPa,hardness of29.8 GPa,Vickers hardness of HV 266.5,pore diameter of356.8 nm,bulk density of 2.5 g·cm-3,and open porosity of38.4%.The debinding procedure used in this study could be used to produce a high-quality ceramic which can be used for fabricating alumina ceramic cores. | He Li Yong-Sheng Liu Yan-Song Liu Qing-Feng Zeng Ke-Hui Hu Jing-Jing Liang Zhi-Gang Lu | 2020 | Rare Metals2020，39，5： | 7 |
| 5 | Application of Bis[2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl]octamethyltetrasiloxane in the Preparation of a Photosensitive Resin for Stereolithography 3D Printing显示文摘Bis[2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl]octamethyltetrasiloxane is also called diepoxycyclohexylethyl octamethyltetrasiloxane. In the present paper, diepoxycyclohexylethyl octamethyltetrasiloxane was synthesized, and the synthesized product was characterized by FTIR and 1 HMR. The synthesized product was compounded with some acrylates and an expoxide as well as photoinitiators to obtain a 3D printing stereolithography resin(3DSLR111). The properties of 3DSLR111 and its UV-cured samples were investigated by some instruments and equipments. The experimental results show that the critical exposure(Ec) of 3DSLR111 is 10.1 mJ/cm^2, its penetration depth(Dp) is 0.15 mm, and its viscosity at 30 ℃ is 319 mPa·s. Some samples were printed with 3DSLR111, and their linear shrinkage and warping factor were evaluated. The linear shrinkage and the curl distortion factor are less than 0.80% and 7.30%, respectively, which indicates that the sample printed with 3DSLR111 has high accuracy, and that the synthesized diepoxycyclohexylethyl octamethyltetrasiloxane can be well applied to the preparation of the photosensitive resin for stereolithography 3D printing. | 黄笔武 HAN Linlin WU Baolin CHEN Hao ZHOU Wenbin LU Zhenting | 2019 | Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)2019，34，6： | 4 |
| 6 | Influence of Al_(2)0_(3) content on mechanical properties of silica-based ceramic cores prepared by stereolithography显示文摘Silica ceramic cores have played an important part in the manufacture of hollow blades due to their excellent chemical stability and moderate high-temperature mechanical properties.In this study,silica-based ceramics were prepared with Al_(2)0_(3) addition by stereolithography,and the influence of Al_(2)0_(3) content on mechanical properties of the silica-based ceramics was investigated.The Al_(2)0_(3) in silica-based ceramics can improve the mechanical properties by playing a role as a seed for the crystallization of fused silica into cristobalite.As a result,with the increase of Al_(2)0_(3) content,the linear shrinkage of the silica-based ceramics first decreased and then increased,while the room-temperature flexural strength and the high-temperature flexural strength first increased and then decreased.As the Al_(2)0_(3) content increased to 1.0 vol%,the linear shrinkage was reduced to 1.64%because of the blocked viscous flow caused by Al_(2)0_(3).Meanwhile,the room-temperature flexural strength and the high-temperature flexural strength were improved to 20.38 and 21.43 MPa with 1.0 vol%Al_(2)0_(3),respectively,due to the increased a-cristobalite and P-cristobalite content.Therefore,using the optimal content of Al_(2)0_(3) in silica-based ceramics can provide excellent mechanical properties,which are suitable for the application of ceramic cores in the manufacturing of hollow blades. | Wen ZHENG Jia-Min WU Shuang CHEN Chang-Shun WANG Chun-Lei LIU Shuai-Bin HUA Kang-Bo YU Jie ZHANG Jing-Xian ZHANG Yu-Sheng SHI | 2021 | Journal of Advanced Ceramics2021，10，6： | 4 |
| 7 | Preparation of a Novel Cationic Photosensitive Resin(3D-SLR01) for Stereolithography 3D Printing and Determination of Its Some Properties显示文摘A novel cationic photosensitive resin(3 DSLR-01) for stereolithography 3 D printing was prepared with 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3’,4’-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate(2021 P),1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol glycidyl ether(JX-026), diglycidyl 4,5-epoxycyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate(S-186), polycaprolactone polyol(Polyol-0305), novolac epoxy resin(F-51), bis(3-ethyl-3-oxetanylmethyl) ether(S-221) and a mixture of triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate salts solution(UVI-6976). The properties of the photosensitive resin and its UV-cured films were investigated by some instruments and equipment.The experimental results show that the critical exposure(Ec) of the photosensitive resin is 16.3 mJ/cm^2, the penetration depth(Dp) is 0.14 mm, and the optical property of the photosensitive resin is excellent. Rectangle plates were printed by using a stereolithography apparatus(HRPL-150 A) with the photosensitive resin as the manufacturing material, and the shrinkage rates of the plates were less than 0.60%, which showed that the accuracy of the manufactured plates was very high. | 黄笔武 WU Baolin HAN Linlin LU Zhenting ZHOU Wenbin | 2019 | Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)2019，34，4： | 4 |
| 8 | Leaching improvement of ceramic cores for hollow turbine blades based on additive manufacturing显示文摘The precision casting method based on aluminabased ceramic cores is one of the main techniques used to manufacture hollow turbine blades.Additive manufacturing(AM)technology provides an alternate solution to fabricating ceramic cores quickly and precisely.As the complexity of the structure increases and the strength of the material improves,the leaching process of the cores becomes more complicated.This study proposes a compound pore-forming method to increase the porosity of ceramic cores by adding a preformed-pore agent and materials that convert to easy-to-corrode phases.The preformed-pore agents(e.g.,carbon fibers)can be burned off during sintering to form pores before the leaching,and the easy-to-corrode phases(e.g.,CaCO3,SiO2,^-A12O3)can be leached firstly to form pores during the leaching process.The pores formed in the aforementioned two stages increase the contact area of the cores and leaching solution,thus improving the leaching rate.In the current study,the additive amount of the preformed-pore agent was optimized,and the effect of the easy-to-corrode phases on the comprehensive properties of the cores was then compared.Based on this,the corresponding model was established. | Wei-Jun Zhu Guo-Qiang Tian Yang Lu Kai Miao Di-Chen Li | 2019 | Advances in Manufacturing2019，7，4： | 2 |
| 9 | Improved mechanical properties of SiC fiber reinforced silica-based ceramic cores fabricated by stereolithography显示文摘Silica-based ceramic cores have been widely used to fabricate aero-engine hollow blades due to their moderate high temperature mechanical properties and excellent leachability.In this study,silica-based ceramics with SiC fiber addition were prepared via stereolithography,and the influence of SiC fiber content on mechanical properties of the obtained silica-based ceramics was investigated.With the increase of SiC fiber content,linear shrinkage gradually decreased,while room temperature flexural strength and high temperature flexural strength first increased and then decreased.As SiC fiber content increased to 4.0 wt%,linear shrinkage was reduced to 0.62%resulting from the oxidation of SiC.Furthermore,room temperature flexural strength was improved from 11.79 MPa to 23.83 MPa and high temperature flexural strength was enhanced from 15.64 MPa to 34.62 MPa with 4.0 wt%SiC fiber addition due to the reinforcement of fibers and the enhancedβ-cristobalite content,which meets the need of ceramic cores.Therefore,it demonstrates the capability of fabricating high-performance and high-precision silica-based ceramic cores reinforced by SiC fibers via stereolithography for rapid manufacturing of hollow blades. | W.Zheng J.M.Wu S.Chen K.B.Yu J.Zhang Y.S.Shi | 2022 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2022，，21： | 2 |
| 10 | Effect of Particle Size on Silicon Nitride Ceramic Slurry by Stereolithography显示文摘The effects of particle size,gradation and solid loading of silicon nitride (Si_(3)N_(4)) on the rheological behavior and curing properties of ceramic slurry are studied by stereolithography (SLA).The results show that the particle size of Si_(3)N_(4) powder has a signif icant influence on the rheological properties and stability of the slurry.When m_(D50=1.3μm):m_(D50=2.3μm)=3:7,the slurry viscosity is low and the sedimentation is slow.The most important thing is that with the increase of the solid loading of the slurry,the viscosity of the slurry increases,the stability becomes higher,and the curing thickness decreases.The curing thickness of Si_(3)N_(4) ceramic slurry with solid loading of 50 vol% can reach nearly 50μm.The above results finally show that the process optimizes the formulation of the slurry in rheological and curing properties. | 汪春柳 ZHANG Jinyong 雷丽文 | 2023 | Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)2023，38，3： | 2 |
| 11 | Stereolithographic 3D Printing-Based Hierarchically Cellular Lattices for High-Performance Quasi-Solid Supercapacitor显示文摘3D printing-based supercapacitors have been extensively explored,yet the rigid rheological requirement for corresponding ink preparation significantly limits the manufacturing of true 3D architecture in achieving superior energy storage.We proposed the stereolithographic technique to fabricate the metallic composite lattices with octet-truss arrangement by using electroless plating and engineering the 3D hierarchically porous graphene onto the scaffolds to build the hierarchically cellular lattices in quasi-solid supercapacitor application.The supercapacitor device that is composed of composite lattices span several pore size orders from nm to mm holds promising behavior on the areal capacitance(57.75 mF cm-2),rate capability(70% retention,2-40 mA cm-2),and long lifespan(96% after 5000 cycles),as well as superior energy density of 0.008 mWh cm-2,which are comparable to the state-of-the-art carbon-based supercapacitor.By synergistically combining this facile stereolithographic 3D printing technology with the hierarchically porous graphene architecture,we provide a novel route of manufacturing energy storage device as well as new insight into building other high-performance functional electronics. | Jianzhe Xue Libo Gao Xinkang Hu Ke Cao Wenzhao Zhou Weidong Wang Yang Lu | 2019 | Nano-Micro Letters2019，11，3： | 2 |
| 12 | Microstructure and mechanical properties of 3D printed ceramics with different vinyl acetate contents显示文摘Stereolithography(SL)-based three-dimensional(3D) printing technique is an efficient method for the fabrication of alumina ceramics.The alumina slurry is difficult to obtain due to the barrier between hydrophilic alumina and oleophilic resin.It not only requires that the ceramic slurry possessed low viscosity and uniformity,but also requires that the slurry could complete the photocuring process.In this study,vinyl acetate was added in the ceramic slurry as a bridge to connect alumina and resin,and the effects of vinyl acetate content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alumina ceramics were systematically investigated.The results showed that the alumina ceramics were composed of three types of particles which included large aggregates,individual particles,and long-columnshaped particles.The shrinkage,bulk density,and crystallite size of the ceramics increased with the increase in vinyl acetate content.The open porosity decreased with the increase in vinyl acetate content.The flexural strength of the ceramics first increased and subsequently decreased with the increase in vinyl acetate content.The shrinkage in Z direction was much greater than that in X or Y direction.Based on the above results,the optimum vinyl acetate content for alumina slurry was 10 wt%,which resulted in sintered ceramic with the shrinkage of 15.6% in X direction,13.5% in Ydirection,21.9% in Z direction,bulk density of 1.9 g·cm^(-3),open porosity of 50.1%,and flexural strength of 24.4 MPa.The sintered ceramics satisfy the requirement of alumina ceramic cores. | He Li Yong-Sheng Liu Yan-Song Liu Qing-Feng Zeng Jing-Jing Liang | 2021 | Rare Metals2021，40，11： | 1 |
| 13 | Fabrication of silica-based ceramic cores with internal lattice structures by stereolithography显示文摘Ceramic cores are widely used in investment casting,and ideal properties of cores are essential for high-quality castings.Under the circumstances requiring thick cores,solid cores are likely to encounter deformation and cracking defects due to the accumulation of shrinkage.Therefore,with the superiority of ceramic stereolithography in producing complex ceramic parts,hollow cores with lattice structures were designed and fabricated.The dimensional accuracy and properties of the green and sintered bodies were evaluated.Results show the dimensional accuracy of sintered cores is controlled within±0.25 mm benefited from the precise green bodies.The mechanical properties are not obviously deteriorated.The bending strength reaches 11.94 MPa at room temperature and 12.87 MPa at 1,500℃ with a creep deformation of 0.345 mm.Furthermore,casting verifications prove that the hollow cores meet the requirements of investment casting.Smooth casting surfaces are obtained,at the same time,the core-removal efficiency is improved by over 3 times. | Ke-hui Hu Hao-yuan Wang Kuan Lu Qian Feng Dao-ding Yang Jian Cao Bo Zhang Zhi-gang Lü Xing Ran | 2022 | China Foundry2022，19，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Design and Manufacture of a Wax Injection Tool for Investment Casting Using Rapid Tooling显示文摘A rapid wax injection tool of a gearbox shift fork was designed, simulated, and manufactured using rapid prototyping and rapid tooling technology to save time and cost of producing wax models used for the investment casting process. CAE simulation softwares, in particular, MoldFlow, are used to get wax injection moulding parameters such as filling parameters, temperature profiles, freeze time, speed, and pressure. The results of this research were compared with conventional wax model production methods. The criteria of such comparison were based upon parameters such as time, cost, and other related characteristics, which resulted in saving of 50% in time and 60% in cost. In this research, design, assembly, and wax injection operation of the wax tool took 10 days. Considering the fact that wax melting temperature is as low as 70℃ and injection pressure of 0.5 MPa, the tool suffers no damage due to the thermal and pressure stresses, leading to the mass production of wax models. | RAHMATI Sadegh REZAEI Mohamad Reza AKBARI Javad | 2009 | Tsinghua Science and Technology2009，14，S1： | 1 |
| 15 | Bioadaptable bioactive glass-β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds with TPMS-gyroid structure by stereolithography for bone regeneration显示文摘Bone defect repair remains a troubling problem in clinical orthopedics,which involves complex biological processes.Calcium phosphates(CaPs)have been widely used owing to their advantage of biocompatibility.However,single component and traditional fabrication methods cannot meet the requirements of bioadaptability during the tissue repair process.In this work,0%,5%,15%,25%wt%of BG-TCP(bioactive glass-β-tricalcium phosphate)bioresorbable scaffolds with triply-periodic minimal surfaces(TPMS)-gyroid structure were prepared by the stereolithography(SLA)technology.TPMS-gyroid structure provided an accurate mimicry of natural bone tissue,and the incorporation of BG improved the compressive strength ofβ-TCP matrix,matched with the defective bone(2–12 MPa).Rapid but tunable degradation kinetics(compared with pure TCP)of BG enabled the BG-TCP system to sh8ow adaptable biodegradability to new bone generation.In vitro studies have shown that composite scaffolds have better mechanical properties(7.82 MPa),and can released appropriate contents of calcium,phosphorous,and magnesium ions,which promoted the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)and angiogenic ability of endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs).Moreover,the in vivo assessment of rat femoral defect revealed that TPMS-structure-based TCP scaffolds accelerated bone ingrowth to the pores.Moreover,BG-TCP scaffolds,especially 15BG-TCP group,exhibited superior bone regeneration capacity at both 4 and 8 weeks,which achieved an optimal match between the rate of material degradation and tissue regeneration.In summary,this study provides insight into influences of bioactive components(BG)and bionic structures(TPMS)on the physical-chemical properties of materials,cell behavior and tissue regeneration,which offers a promising strategy to design bioadaptive ceramic scaffolds in the clinical treatment of bone defects. | Meng Li Jiawei Jiang Wenbin Liu Xiaolong Huang Xiaopei Wu Wenying Wei Hao Zhu Jinyong Zhang Jun Xiao Honglian Dai | 2023 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2023，，24： | 0 |
| 16 | Optimized vascular network by stereolithography for tissue engineered skin显示文摘This paper demonstrates the essential and efficient methods to design,and fabricate optimal vascular network for tissue engineering structures based on their physiological conditions.Comprehensive physiological requirements in both micro and macro scales were considered in developing the optimisation design for complex vascular vessels.The optimised design was then manufactured by stereolithography process using materials that are biocompatible,elastic and surface bio-coatable.The materials are self-developed photocurable resin consist of BPA-ethoxylated-diacrylate,lauryl acrylate and isobornylacrylate with Irgacure■184,the photoinitiator.The optimised vascular vessel offers many advantages:1)it provides the maximum nutrient supply;2)it minimises the recirculation areas and 3)it allows the wall shear stress on the vessel in a healthy range.The stereolithography manufactured vascular vessels were then embedded in the hydrogel seeded with cells.The results of in vitro studies show that the optimised vascular network has the lowest cell death rate compared with a pure hydrogel scaffold and a hydrogel scaffold embedded within a single tube in day seven.Consequently,these design and manufacture routes were shown to be viable for exploring and developing a high range complex and specialised artificial vascular networks. | Xiaoxiao Han Julien Courseaus Jamel Khamassi Nadine Nottrodt Sascha Engelhardt Frank Jacobsen Claas Bierwisch Wolfdietrich Meyer Torsten Walter Jürgen Weisser Raimund Jaeger Richard Bibb Russell Harris | 2018 | International Journal of Bioprinting2018，4，2： | 0 |
| 17 | Effects of Stereolithography Process Parameters on the Curing Properties of Si_(3)N_(4)Ceramic Slurries显示文摘This paper systematically investigates the effects of process parameters,such as exposure time and slice thickness,on the polymerization kinetics of a Si_(3)N_(4)ceramic slurry.The higher the C=C conversion rate in the SLA process,the faster the polymerization rate in the slurry during the initial exposure.However,when the UV exposure time is increased from 5 to 20 s,the solidified gel in the slurry hinders the diffusion of free radicals,causing the C=C conversion rate to stop.The slurry achieves a C=C conversion rate of up to 81%and a curing dimensional accuracy of up to IT7 level at an exposure time of 10 s.When the penetration depth of the slurry is equal to the slice thickness,the difference in C=C conversion rates between the ends of the blank is at least 21%.Furthermore,the Si3 N4 ceramics processed by stereolithography exhibit no defects,such as warpage or holes. | Lina Zhan Yuzhibiao Xia Xuan Zhang Yao Liu Shaojun Liu | 2023 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering(Additive Manufacturing Frontiers)2023，2，4： | 0 |
| 18 | Surface Hardness Evaluation of Components Made by Color Stereolithography显示文摘Surface hardness value is a commonly used indicator for describing the mechanical property of stere- olithography parts. In order to investigate colorants how to influence the surface hardness of colorful resin component, a procedure is proposed to fabricate testing specimens based on color stereolithography technology in this study. Liquid photosensitive resin LPR2001 is mixed with two colorants(phthalocyanine blue and eosin powder) respectively before curing. The phthalocyanine blue powder is insoluble and only dispersive in the solid- liquid mixture which results in deposits. Therefore, surface modification is conducted to the phthalocyanine blue powder for improving wettability. By contrast, the eosin powder is dissoluble and does not cause any deposits in the liquid resin. Specimens are produced by laser curing colored resin and tested by MTSRNano Indenter XP system. The change of hardness values is illustrated at certain mass percentages of colorant. Comparisons and discussions are carried out to explain the colorants' efect. It is concluded that incorporating colorant to liquid resin results in decreasing the surface hardness of components. But sensibilization efect of the colorants also influences the curing process. Surface modification to the phthalocyanine blue powder is a feasible method to increase the hardness value of color stereolithography components. Dissolvable eosin has an approximate linear efect on surface hardness. | 宫海军 王懋露 王扬 | 2013 | Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science)2013，18，6： | 0 |
| 19 | A 3D-printed platform for modular neuromuscular motor units显示文摘A complex and functional living cellular system requires the interaction of one or more cell types to perform specific tasks,such as sensing,processing,or force production.Modular and flexible platforms for fabrication of such multi-cellular modules and their characterization have been lacking.Here,we present a modular cellular system,made up of multi-layered tissue rings containing integrated skeletal muscle and motor neurons(MNs)embedded in an extracellular matrix.The MNs were differentiated from mouse embryonic stem cells through the formation of embryoid bodies(EBs),which are spherical aggregations of cells grown in a suspension culture.The EBs were integrated into a tissue ring with skeletal muscle,which was differentiated in parallel,to create a co-culture amenable to both cell types.The multi-layered rings were then sequentially placed on a stationary three-dimensionalprinted hydrogel structure resembling an anatomical muscle–tendon–bone organization.We demonstrate that the site-specific innervation of a group of muscle fibers in the multi-layered tissue rings allows for muscle contraction via chemical stimulation of MNs with glutamate,a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system,with the frequency of contraction increasing with glutamate concentration.The addition of tubocurarine chloride(a nicotinic receptor antagonist)halted the contractions,indicating that muscle contraction was MN induced.With a bio-fabricated system permitting controllable mechanical and geometric attributes in a range of length scales,our novel engineered cellular system can be utilized for easier integration of other modular“building blocks”in living cellular and biological machines. | Caroline Cvetkovic Max H.Rich Ritu Raman Hyunjoon Kong Rashid Bashir | 2017 | Microsystems & Nanoengineering2017，3，1： | 0 |
| 20 | GO-modified flexible polymer nanocomposites fabricated via 3D stereolithography显示文摘Graphene oxide(GO)induced enhancement of elastomer properties showed a great deal of potential in recent years,but it is still limited by the barrier of the complicated synthesis processes.Stereolithography(SLA),used in fabrication of thermosets and very recently in“flexible”polymers with elastomeric properties,presents itself as simple and user-friendly method for integration of GO into elastomers.In this work,it was first time demonstrated that GO loadings can be incorporated into commercial flexible photopolymer resins to successfully fabricate GO/elastomer nanocomposites via readily accessible,consumer-oriented SLA printer.The material properties of the resulting polymer was characterized and tested.The mechanical strength,stiffness,and the elongation of the resulting polymer decreased with the addition of GO.The thermal properties were also adversely affected upon the increase in the GO content based on differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis results.It was proposed that the GO agglomerates within the 3D printed composites,can result in significant change in both mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting nanocomposites.This study demonstrated the possibility for the development of the GO/elastomer nanocomposites after the optimization of the GO/“Hexible”photoreactive resin formulation for SLA with suitable annealing process of the composite in future. | Chi Him Alpha Tsang Adilet Zhakeyev Dennis Y.C.Leung Jin Xuan | 2019 | Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering2019，13，4： | 0 |
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