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| 1 | Terrestrial vegetation carbon sinks in China,1981―2000显示文摘Using China's ground observations, e.g., forest inventory, grassland resource, agricultural statistics, climate, and satellite data, we estimate terrestrial vegetation carbon sinks for China's major biomes between 1981 and 2000. The main results are in the following: (1) Forest area and forest biomass car- bon (C) stock increased from 116.5×106 ha and 4.3 Pg C (1 Pg C = 1015 g C) in the early 1980s to 142.8×106 ha and 5.9 Pg C in the early 2000s, respectively. Forest biomass carbon density increased form 36.9 Mg C/ha (1 Mg C = 106 g C) to 41.0 Mg C/ha, with an annual carbon sequestration rate of 0.075 Pg C/a. Grassland, shrub, and crop biomass sequestrate carbon at annual rates of 0.007 Pg C/a, 0.014― 0.024 Pg C/a, and 0.0125―0.0143 Pg C/a, respectively. (2) The total terrestrial vegetation C sink in China is in a range of 0.096―0.106 Pg C/a between 1981 and 2000, accounting for 14.6%―16.1% of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted by China's industry in the same period. In addition, soil carbon sink is estimated at 0.04―0.07 Pg C/a. Accordingly, carbon sequestration by China's terrestrial ecosystems (vegetation and soil) offsets 20.8%―26.8% of its industrial CO2 emission for the study period. (3) Considerable uncertainties exist in the present study, especially in the estimation of soil carbon sinks, and need further intensive investigation in the future. | FANG JingYun GUO ZhaoDi PIAO ShiLong CHEN AnPing | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，9： | 188 |
| 2 | Changes in soil organic carbon of terrestrial ecosystems in China:A mini-review显示文摘The present study provides an overview of existing literature on changes in soil organic carbon(SOC) of various terrestrial ecosystems in China.Datasets from the literature suggest that SOC stocks in forest,grassland,shrubland and cropland increased between the early 1980s and the early 2000s,amounting to(71±19) Tg·a-1.Conversion of marshland to cropland in the Sanjiang Plain of northeast China resulted in SOC loss of(6±2) Tg·a-1 during the same period.Nevertheless,large uncertainties exist in these estimates,especially for the SOC changes in the forest,shrubland and grassland.To reduce uncertainty,we suggest that future research should focus on:(i) identifying land use changes throughout China with high spatiotemporal resolution,and measuring the SOC loss and sequestration due to land use change;(ii) estimating the changes in SOC of shrubland and non-forest trees(i.e.,cash,shelter and landscape trees);(iii) quantifying the impacts of grassland management on the SOC pool;(iv) evaluating carbon changes in deep soil layers;(v) projecting SOC sequestration potential;and(vi) developing carbon budget models for better estimating the changes in SOC of terrestrial ecosystems in China. | HUANG Yao*,SUN WenJuan,ZHANG Wen & YU YongQiang State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry(LAPC),Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，7： | 46 |
| 3 | Prediction of carbon exchanges between China terrestrial ecosystem and atmosphere in 21st century显示文摘The projected changes in carbon exchange between China terrestrial ecosystem and the atmosphere and vegetation and soil carbon storage during the 21st century were investigated using an atmos-phere-vegetation interaction model (AVIM2). The results show that in the coming 100 a, for SRES B2 scenario and constant atmospheric CO2 concentration, the net primary productivity (NPP) of terrestrial ecosystem in China will be decreased slowly, and vegetation and soil carbon storage as well as net ecosystem productivity (NEP) will also be decreased. The carbon sink for China terrestrial ecosystem in the beginning of the 20th century will become totally a carbon source by the year of 2020, while for B2 scenario and changing atmospheric CO2 concentration, NPP for China will increase continuously from 2.94 GtC·a?1 by the end of the 20th century to 3.99 GtC·a?1 by the end of the 21st century, and vegetation and soil carbon storage will increase to 110.3 GtC. NEP in China will keep rising during the first and middle periods of the 21st century, and reach the peak around 2050s, then will decrease gradually and approach to zero by the end of the 21st century. | JI JinJun HUANG Mei LI KeRang | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，6： | 48 |
| 4 | 1980s-2010s中国陆地生态系统土壤碳储量的变化(英文)显示文摘Soil stores a large amount of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon(C) and plays an important role in maintaining global C balance. However, very few studies have addressed the regional patterns of soil organic carbon(SOC) storage and the main factors influencing its changes in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems, especially using field measured data. In this study, we collected information on SOC storage in main types of ecosystems(including forest, grassland, cropland, and wetland) across 18 regions in China during the 1980 s(from the Second National Soil Survey of China, SNSSC) and the 2010 s(from studies published between 2004 and 2014), and evaluated its changing trends during these 30 years. The SOC storage(0–100 cm) in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems was 83.46 ± 11.89 Pg C in the 1980 s and 86.50 ± 8.71 Pg C in the 2010 s, and the net increase over the 30 years was 3.04 ± 1.65 Pg C, with an overall rate of 0.101 ± 0.055 Pg C yr^(–1). This increase was mainly observed in the topsoil(0–20 cm). Forests, grasslands, and croplands SOC storage increased 2.52 ± 0.77, 0.40 ± 0.78, and 0.07 ± 0.31 Pg C, respectively, which can be attributed to the several ecological restoration projects and agricultural practices implemented. On the other hand, SOC storage in wetlands declined 0.76 ± 0.29 Pg C, most likely because of the decrease of wetland area and SOC density. Combining these results with those of vegetation C sink(0.100 Pg C yr^(–1)), the net C sink in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems was about 0.201 ± 0.061 Pg C yr^(–1), which can offset 14.85%–27.79% of the fossil fuel C emissions from the 1980 s to the 2010 s. These first estimates of soil C sink based on field measured data supported the premise that China's terrestrial ecosystems have a large C sequestration potential, and further emphasized the importance of forest protection and reforestation to increase SOC storage capacity. | 徐丽 于贵瑞 何念鹏 | 2019 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2019，29，1： | 25 |
| 5 | Multi-scale observation and cross-scale mechanistic modeling on terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle显示文摘To predict global climate change and to implement the Kyoto Protocol for stabilizing atmospheric greenhouse gases concentrations require quantifying spatio-temporal variations in the terrestrial carbon sink accurately. During the past decade multi-scale ecological experiment and observation networks have been established using various new technologies (e.g. controlled environmental facilities, eddy covariance techniques and quantitative remote sensing), and have obtained a large amount of data about terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle. However, uncertainties in the magnitude and spatio-temporal variations of the terrestrial carbon sink and in understanding the underlying mechanisms have not been reduced significantly. One of the major reasons is that the observations and experiments were conducted at individual scales independently, but it is the interactions of factors and processes at different scales that determine the dynamics of the terrestrial carbon sink. Since experiments and observations are always conducted at specific scales, to understand cross-scale interactions requires mechanistic analysis that is best to be achieved by mechanistic modeling. However, mechanistic ecosystem models are mainly based on data from single-scale experiments and observations and hence have no capacity to simulate mechanistic cross-scale interconnection and interactions of ecosystem processes. New-generation mechanistic ecosystem models based on new ecological theoretical framework are needed to quantify the mechanisms from micro-level fast eco-physiological responses to macro-level slow acclimation in the pattern and structure in disturbed ecosystems. Multi-scale data-model fusion is a recently emerging approach to assimilate multi-scale observational data into mechanistic, dynamic modeling, in which the structure and parameters of mechanistic models for simulating cross-scale interactions are optimized using multi-scale observational data. The models are validated and evaluated at different spatial and temporal scales and real-time observational data are assimilated continuously into dynamic modeling for predicting and forecasting ecosystem changes realistically. in summary, a breakthrough in terrestrial carbon sink research requires using approaches of multi-scale observations and cross-scale modeling to understand and quantify interconnections and interactions among ecosystem processes at different scales and their controls over ecosystem carbon cycle. | CAO Mingkui YU Guirui LIU Jiyuan LI Kerang | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，z1： | 17 |
| 6 | Land use effects on terrestrial carbon sources and sinks显示文摘Current and past land use practices are critical in determining the distribution and size of global terrestrial carbon (C) sources and sinks. Althoughfossil fuel emissions dominate the anthropogenic perturbation of the global C cycle, land use still drives the largest portion of anthropogenic emissions in a number of tropical regions of Asia. The size of the emission flux owing to land use change is still the biggest uncertainty in the global C budget. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported a flux term of 1.7 PgC@a-1 for 1990-1995 but more recent estimates suggest the magnitude of this source may be only of 0.96 PgC@a-1 for the 1990s. In addition, current and past land use practices are now thought to contribute to a large degree to the northern hemisphere terrestrial sink, and are the dominant driver for some regional sinks. However, mechanisms other than land use change need to be invoked in order to explain the inferred C sink in the tropics. Potential candidates are the carbon dioxide (CO2) fertilization and climate change; fertilization due to nitrogen (N) deposition is believed to be small or nil. Although the potential for managing C sinks is limited, improved land use management and new land uses such as reforestation and biomass fuel cropping, can further enhance current terrestrial C sinks. Best management practices in agriculture alone could sequester 0.4-0.8 PgC per year in soils if implemented globally. New methodologies to ensure verification and permanency of C sequestration need to be developed. | Josep G. Canadell | 2002 | Science China(Life Sciences)2002，45，z1： | 17 |
| 7 | Advances in carbon flux observation and research in Asia显示文摘As an important component of FLUXNET, Asia is increasingly becoming the hotspot in global carbon research for its vast territory, complex climate type and vegetation diversity. The present three regional flux observation networks in Asia (i.e. AsiaFlux, KoFlux and ChinaFLUX)have 54 flux observation sites altogether, covering tropic rainforest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, broad-leaved and coniferous mixed forest, shrubland, grassland, alpine meadow and cropland ecosystems with a latitudinal distribution from 2°N to 63°N. Long-term and continuous fluxes of carbon dioxide, water vapor and energy between the biosphere and atmosphere are mainly measured with eddy covariance technique to (1) quantify and compare the carbon, water and energy budgets across diverse ecosystems; (2) quantify the environmental and biotic controlling mechanism on ecosystem carbon, water and energy fluxes; (3) validate the soil-vegetation-atmosphere model; and (4) serve the integrated study of terrestrial ecosystem carbon and water cycle. Over the last decades, great advancements have been made in the theory and technology of flux measurement, ecosystem flux patterns, simulation and scale conversion by Asian flux community. The establishment of ChinaFLUX has greatly filled the gap of flux observation and research in Eurasia. To further promote the flux measurement and research,accelerate data sharing and improve the data quality, it is necessary to present a methodological system of flux estimation and evaluation over complex terrain and to develop the integrated research that combines the flux measurement, stable isotope measurement, remote sensing observation and GIS technique. It also requires the establishment of the Joint Committee of Asian Flux Network in the Asia-Pacific region in order to promote the cooperation and communication of ideas and data by supporting project scientists, workshops and visiting scientists. | YU Guirui, ZHANG Leiming, SUN Xiaomin, FU Yuling & LI Zhengquan Synthesis Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN), Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，z1： | 16 |
| 8 | 1992-2015年全球耕地变化对陆地生态系统服务价值的影响(英文)显示文摘From 1992 to 2015, ecological environment has been threatened by the changes of cropland around the world. In order to evaluate the impact of cropland changes on ecosystem, we calculated the response of terrestrial ecosystem service values (TESVs) variation to cropland conversion based on land-use data from European Space Agency (ESA). The results showed that cropland changes were responsible for an absolute loss of $166.82 billion, equivalent to 1.17% of global TESVs in 1992. Among the different regions, the impact of cropland changes on TESVs was significant in South America and Africa but not obvious in Oceania, Asia and Europe. Cropland expansion from tropical forest was the main reason for decreases in TESVs globally, especially in South America, Africa and Asia. The effect of wetland converted to cropland was notable in North America and Europe while grassland converted to cropland played an important role in Oceania, Africa and Asia. In Europe, the force of urban expansion cannot be ignored as well. The conversion of cropland to tropical or temperate forest partly compensated for the loss of TESVs globally, especially in Asia. | 李圆圆 谈明洪 郝海广 | 2019 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2019，29，3： | 16 |
| 9 | Measurement of ecological capital of Chinese terrestrial ecosystem based on remote sensing显示文摘The biosphere of the Earth is essential to human survival and development. The services of ecosystems are critical to the functioning of the Earth’s life-support system. They contribute to human welfare both directly and indirectly. Ecological capital refers to the sum of the direct biological resources value and the indirect ecosystem services value. It is necessary to estimate the ecological capital in order to bring it to the society and market economic system, and draw the social attention to ecological environment constructions. An estimation model for eco-logical capital based on remote sensing is presented in this paper. The parameters in the model are quantitatively measured using NOAA/AVHRR and other ancillary data, including the land cover types, the vegetation coverage, and the vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) of ter-restrial ecosystem. Based on the economic parameters in previously published studies and a few original calculations, the annual ecological capital of the entire terrestrial ecosystem of China is quantitatively estimated at 6.44 trillion (1012) yuan (RMB), and the spatial distribution of the eco-logical capital is also analyzed. Traditional ecological methods to ecological capital measurement are based on homogeneous plot scales, and the regional scaling is a key problem in their appli-cations. As the proposed remote sensing approach, it provides a new method to ecological capital measurement completely based on observation data. It can not only overcome the re-gional scaling problem easily, but also allows the ecological capital to be estimated objectively and spatial-explicitly. | PAN Yaozhong SHI Peijun ZHU Wenquan GU Xiaohe FAN Yida LI Jing | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，6： | 14 |
| 10 | The deep thermal characteristic of continental margin of the northern South China Sea显示文摘Heat flow plays an important role in the study ot thermal structure and thermal evolutionof continental margin of the northern South China Sea. The analysis of heat flow value shows that margin heat flow in the northern South China Sea is relatively high setting, but the percentage of crustal heat flow is lower than 35% in terrestrial heat flow. The terrestrial heat flow exhibited a current of rise from the Northern Continental Margin to the Southern Central Basin. However, the proportion of crustal heat flow in terrestrial heat flow slowly dropped down in the same direction. It is suggested that the main factor causing high heat flow setting is the moving up of hot material from asthenosphere. | ZHANG Jian & WANG Jiyang1. Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China 2. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，18： | 14 |
| 11 | An accurately delineated Permian-Triassic Boundary in continental successions显示文摘The Permian-Triassic Boundary Stratigraphic Set (PTBST), characteristic of the GSSP section of Meishan and widespread in marine Permian-Triassic Boundary (PTB) sequences of South China, is used to trace and recognize the PTB in a continental sequence at Chahe (Beds 66f―68c). Diversified Permian plant fossils extended to the PTBST, and a few relicts survived above that level. Sporomorphs are dominated by fern spores of Permian nature below the PTBST, above which they are replaced by gymnosperm pollen of Triassic aspect. In the nearby Zhejue Section, the continental PTBST is charac- terized by the fungal 'spike' recorded in many places throughout the world. The boundary claybeds (66f and 68a,c) of the PTBST are composed of mixed illite-montmorillonite layers analogous with those at Meishan. They contain volcanogenic minerals such as β quartz and zircon. U/Pb dating of the upper claybed gives ages of 247.5 and 252.6 Ma for Beds 68a and 68c respectively, averaging 250 Ma. In con- trast to the situation in Xinjiang and South Africa, the sediment sequence of the Permian-Triassic tran- sition in the Chahe section (Beds 56―80) become finer upward. Shallowing and coarsening upward is not, therefore, characteristic of the Permian-Triassic transition everywhere. The occurrence of relicts of the Gigantopteris Flora in the Kayitou Fm. indicates that, unlike most marine biota, relicts of this pa- leophytic flora survived into the earliest Triassic. It is concluded that Bed 67 at Chahe corresponds to Bed 27 at Meishan, and that the PTB should be put within the 60-cm-thick Bed 67b④, now put at its base tentatively. This is the most accurate correlation of the PTB in continental facies with that in the marine GSSP. | YIN HongFu1, YANG FengQing2, YU JianXin2, PENG YuanQiao1, WANG ShangYan3 & ZHANG SuXin1 1 Laboratory of Biological and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China 3 Geological Survey of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550011, China | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，9： | 13 |
| 12 | Spatial patterns of terrestrial net ecosystem productivity in China during 1981―2000显示文摘As the third largest country in the world, China has highly variable environmental condition and eco- logical pattern in both space and time. Quantification of the spatial-temporal pattern and dynamic of terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle in China is of great significance to regional and global carbon budget. In this study, we used a high-resolution climate database and an improved ecosystem process-based model to quantify spatio-temporal pattern and dynamic of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in China and its responses to climate change during 1981 to 2000. The results showed that NEP increased from north to south and from northeast to southwest. Positive NEP (carbon sinks) occurred in the west of Southwest China, southeastern Tibet, Sanjiang Plain, Da Hinggan Mountains and the mid-west of North China. Negative NEP (carbon sources) were mainly found in Central China, the south of Southwest China, the north of Xinjiang, west and north of Inner Mongolia, and parts of North China. From the 1980s to 1990s, the increasing trend of NEP occurred in the middle of Northeast China Plain and the Loess Plateau and decreasing trends mainly occurred in a greater part of Central China. In the study period, natural forests had minimal carbon uptake, while grassland and shrublands accounted for nearly three fourths of the total carbon terrestrial uptakes in China during 1981―2000. | TAO Bo1, CAO MingKui1, LI KeRang1, GU FengXue1, JI JinJun1,2, HUANG Mei1 & ZHANG LeiMing1 1 Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2 Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，5： | 12 |
| 13 | The Jehol Biota, an Early Cretaceous terrestrial Lagerst ¨atte: new discoveries and implications显示文摘The study of the Early Cretaceous terrestrial Jehol Biota,which provides a rare window for reconstruction of a Lower Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystem,is reviewed with a focus on some of the latest progress.A newly proposed deinition of the biota based on paleoecology and taphonomy is accepted.Although the Jehol fossils are mainly preserved in two types of sedimentary rocks,there are various types of preservation with a complex mechanism that remains to be understood.New discoveries of signiicant taxa from the Jehol Biota,with an updated introduction of its diversity,conirm that the Jehol Biota represents one of the most diversiied biotas of the Mesozoic.he evolutionary signiicance of major biological groups(e.g.dinosaurs,birds,mammals,pterosaurs,insects,and plants)is discussed mainly in the light of recent discoveries,and some of the most remarkable aspects of the biota are highlighted.he global and local geological,paleogeographic,and paleoenvironmental background of the Jehol Biota have contributed to the unique composition,evolution,and preservation of the biota,demonstrating widespread faunal exchanges between Asia and other continents caused by the presence of the Eurasia–North American continental mass and its link to South America,and conirming northeastern China as the origin and diversiication center for a variety of Cretaceous biological groups.Although some progress has been made on the reconstruction of the paleotemperature at the time of the Jehol Biota,much more work is needed to conirm a possible link between the remarkable diversity of the biota and the cold intervals during the Early Cretaceous.Finally,future directions for the study of the Jehol Biota are proposed that highlight the great potential of more comprehensive and multidisciplinary studies to further our understanding of the biological and geological implications of the Jehol Lagerst¨ate. | Zhonghe Zhou | 2014 | National Science Review2014，1，4： | 11 |
| 14 | Terrestrial ecosystem scenarios and their response to climate change in Eurasia显示文摘During the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI), simulating the change trends of terrestrial ecosystems in Eurasia under different climate scenarios is a key ecological issue. The HLZ ecosystem model was improved to simulate the changes in the spatial distribution and types of terrestrial ecosystems in Eurasia based on the climate data from Eurasian meteorological stations from 1981 to 2010 and the data from the RCP26, RCP45 and RCP85 scenarios released by CMIP5 from 2010 to 2100. Ecological diversity and patch connectivity index models were used to quantitatively calculate the future changes in ecological diversity and patch connectivity of terrestrial ecosystems in Eurasia. The results show that(1) cold temperate wet forest, cool temperate moist forest and desert are the major terrestrial ecosystem types and cover 36.71% of the total area of Eurasia.(2) Under all three scenarios, the polar/nival area would shrink more than other terrestrial ecosystem types and would decrease by 26.75 million km2 per decade on average, and the subpolar/alpine moist tundra would have the fastest decreasing rate of 10.49% per decade on average from 2010 to 2100.(3) Under the RCP85 scenario, the rate of terrestrial ecosystem changes will be greater than that under the other two scenarios, and the subpolar/alpine moist tundra would exhibit the fastest decreasing rate of 10.88% per decade from 2010 to 2100.(4) The ecological diversity would generally show decreasing trends and decrease by 0.09%, 0.13% and 0.16% per decade on average under the RCP26, RCP45 and RCP85 scenarios,respectively.(5) The patch connectivity would first increase and then decrease under all three scenarios. In general, the trends of the changes in terrestrial ecosystems would show an obvious difference in the different regions throughout the BRI area. | Zemeng FAN Bin FAN Tianxiang YUE | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，10： | 11 |
| 15 | Carbon dioxide release due to change in land use in China mainland显示文摘CarbondioxidereleaseduetochangeinlanduseinChinamainlandWangXiaoke;ZhuangYahui;FengZongwei(ResearchCenterforEco-EnvironmentalS... | Wang Xiaoke Zhuang Yahui Feng Zongwei(Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China) | 1994 | Journal of Environmental Sciences1994，6，3： | 10 |
| 16 | Terrestrial heat flow in Junggar Basin, Northwest China显示文摘Based on temperature logs of 117 boreholes and thermal conductivity of 119 rock samples, the first group of 35 heat flow data in the Junggar Basin are presented. The thermal gradients vary between 11.6 and 26.5℃/km , and the thermal conductivity changes from 0.17 to 3.6 W/mK. Heat flow ranges from 23.4 to 53.7 mW/m2 with a mean of (42.3±7.7) mW/m2. The heat flow pattern shows that heat flow is higher in the uplifts and lower in the depressions. The factors affecting the heat flow and its distribution include basin type, basement structure, sediment thickness, radioactive heat generation, etc. The overall low present-day heat flow in the Junggar Basin reflected its tectonothermal evolution characterized by lithospheric thickening, thrust and fault at shallow crust as well as consequently quick subsidence during the Late Cenozoic. | WANG Shejiao HU Shengbiao LI Tiejun WANG Jiyang ZHAO Wenzhi | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，19： | 10 |
| 17 | Distribution feature of terrestrial heat flow densities in the Bohai Basin,East China显示文摘Temperature logging curves at 8 boreholes and well-testing temperature data at 142 boreholes are used to determine geotemperature gradients in the Bohai Basin. The thermal conductivities of 86 rock samples are measured at laboratory and the effects of porosity and temperature are corrected to obtain conductivities in situ. Terrestrial heat flow densities at 76 wells are determined based on these data. The distribution of the heat flow indicates that the terrestrial heat flow in the Bohai Basin is relatively high with an average value of 65.8 mW/m2. This characteristic is caused by the tectonic evolution of the basin. During Cenozoic, the litho-sphere stretched intermittently and the crust thinned so that heat conducted from the mantle increased and formed thermal abnormity at depth beneath the basin. | WANG Liangshu LIU Shaowen XIAO Weiyong LI Cheng LI Hua GUO Suiping LIU Bo LUO Yuhui CAI Dongsheng | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，10： | 10 |
| 18 | The ichnofacies and ichnoassemblages in terrestrial deposits of China显示文摘Over the last 30 years,terrestrial ichnofossil research was mostly focused on three ichnofacies:the Scoyenia ichnofacies,characterizing transitional fluvio-lacustrine environments,the Mermia ichnofacies,characterizing fully lacustrine settings,and the Termitichnus ichnofacies,characterizing terrestrial environments,especially,paleosol deposits.Specially in China,many terrestrial ichnofossils,including at least 24 ichnogenera from fluvial deposits and 59 ichnogenera from lacustrine deposits,have been found in Mesozoic and Cenozoic basins.Most of them belong to the common elements of the three ichnofacies and consist of feeding,grazing,crawling,dwelling,and resting traces and rhizoliths.Based on the composition,occurrence and distribution characteristics of trace fossils from terrestrial sedimentary basins of China,36 ichnoassemblages have been proposed.However,the most common 12 ichnoassemblages,in which six are found in fluvial sedimentary environments from the Upper Cretaceous of the Sichuan Basin in western China and Xixia Basin in western Henan Province,include:(1)Scoyenia-Rusophycus ichnoassemblage generated in the floodplain along channels and the shallow water swales or lakes(such as oxbow lakes);(2)Skolithos-Arenicolites ichnoassemblage produced in the high energy sandy bar(heart bar or point bar)of the channel environment;(3)Gastruichnus-Palaeophycus ichnoassemblage developed in the channel-levee environment;(4)Beaconites-Taenidium ichnoassemblage occurring in the embankment(crevasse splay)sedimentary environment;(5)Beaconites-Rhizolithos ichnoassemblage appearing in the floodplain sedimentary environment,and(6)Beaconites-Scoyenia ichnoassemblage distributed in the periodically exposed overbank lake(extremely shallow lacustrine)sedimentary environments.The other six ichnoassemblages are found in lacustrine sedimentary environments:(1)Scoyenia-Skolithos ichnoassemblage always developed in periodically exposed,extremely shallow lakeshore and interdistributary bay of the lake delta plain under drought or semiarid climate conditions;(2)Palaeophycus-Arenicolites ichnoassemblage formed in the lakeshore to the upper part of the shallow lake,corresponding to the lake delta plain to delta front;(3)Planolites-Teichichnus ichnoassemblage generated in the lower part of the shallow lake,restricted lake bay or distal front delta;(4)Vagorichnus-Helminthopsis ichnoassemblage developed in the deeper lacustrine(profundal)turbidite sedimentary environment;(5)Mermoides-Neonereites ichnoassemblage occurring in the quiet deep or deeper lacustrine sedimentary environment;and(6)Semirotundichnus-Chondrites ichnoassemblage formed in even deeper lacustrine sedimentary environments with lower oxygen content. | Bin Hu Yuan-Yuan Wang Hui-Bo Song | 2014 | Journal of Palaeogeography2014，3，1： | 9 |
| 19 | Nitrogen deposition and reduction of terrestrial biodiversity:Evidence from temperate grasslands显示文摘Biodiversity is thought to be essential for ecosystem stability, function and long-term sustainability. Since nitrogen is the limiting nutrient for plant growth in many terrestrial ecosystems, reactive nitrogen has the potential to reduce the diversity of terrestrial vegetation and associated biota through favouring species adapted to quickly exploiting available nutrients. Although the potential has long been recognised, only recently has enough evidence come together to show beyond reasonable doubt that these changes are already occurring. Linked together, experimental, regional/e.rnpirical, and time-series research provide a powerful argument that enhanced deposition of reactive nitrogen across Great Britain, and potentially the rest of Europe, has resulted in a significant and ongoing decline in grassland species richness and diversity. | Nancy B.Dise Carly J.Stevens | 2005 | Science China(Life Sciences)2005，48，z2： | 8 |
| 20 | Present Terrestrial Heat Flow Measurements of the Geothermal Fields in the Chagan Sag of the YingenEjinaqi Basin,Inner Mongolia,China显示文摘Owing to the lack o f terrestrial heat flow data, studying lithospheric thermal structure and geodynamics of the Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin in Inner Mongolia is limited. In this paper, the terrestrial heat flow o f the Chagan sag in the YingenEjinaqi Basin were calculated by 193 system steady-state temperature measurements of 4 wells, and newly measuring 62 rock thermal conductivity and 20 heat production rate data on basis o f the original 107 rock thermal conductivity and 70 heat production data. The results show that the average thermal conductivity and heat production rate are 2.11 ±0.28 W/(m.K) and2.42±0.25 nW/m^3 in the Lower Cretaceous o f the Chagan sag. The average geothermal gradient from the Lower Suhongtu 2 Formation to the Suhongtu 1 Fonnation is 37.6 °C/km, and that o f the Bayingebi 2 Formation is 27.4 °C/km. Meanwhile, the average terrestrial heat flow in the Chagan sag is 70.6 mW/m^2. On the above results, it is clear that there is an obvious negative correlation between the thermal conductivity o f the stratum and its geothermal gradient. Moreover, it reveals that there is a geothermal state between tectonically stable and active areas. This work may provide geothermal parameters for further research o f lithospheric thermal structure and geodynamics in the Chagan sag. | FENG Renpeng ZUO Yinhui YANG Meihua ZHANG Jiong LIU Zhi ZHOU Yongshui HAO Qingqing | 2019 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2019，93，2： | 6 |
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