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| 1 | WNT/β-catenin signaling in urothelial carcinoma of bladder显示文摘Urothelial carcinoma of bladder is the second most prevalent genitourinary disease.It is a highly heterogeneous disease as it represents a spectrum of neoplasms,including non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC),muscle invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)and metastatic lesions.Genome-wide approaches and candidate gene analysis suggest that malignant transformation of the bladder is multifactorial and a multitude of genes are involved in the development of MIBC or NMIBC phenotypes.Wnt signaling is being examined to control and maintain balance between stemness and differentiation in adult stem cell niches.Owing to its participation in urothelial development and maintenance of adult urothelial tissue homeostasis,the components of Wnt signaling are reported as an important diagnostic and prognostic markers as well as novel therapeutic targets.Mutations/epigenetic alterations in the key molecules of Wnt/β-catenin canonical pathway have been linked with tumorigenesis,development of drug resistance and enhanced survival.Present review extends our understanding on the functions of key regulatory molecules of canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in urothelial tumorigenesis by inducing cancer stem cell phenotype(UCSCs).UCSCs may be responsible for tumor heterogeneity,high recurrence rates and complex biological behavior of bladder cancer.Therefore,understanding the role of UCSCs and the regulatory mechanisms that are responsible for high relapse rates and metastasis could help to develop pathway inhibitors and augment current therapies.Potential implications in the treatment of urothelial carcinoma of bladder by targeting this pathway primarily in UCSCs as well as in bulk tumor population that are responsible for high relapse rates and metastasis may facilitate potential therapeutic avenues and better prognosis. | Minal Garg Niharika Maurya | 2019 | World Journal of Nephrology2019，8，5： | 11 |
| 2 | Modified citrus pectin inhibited bladder tumor growth through downregulation of galectin-3显示文摘Modiled citrus pectin (MCP) is a carbohydrate enriched complex, which has been implicated in cancer treatment and prevention. However, the effects of MCP on urinary bladder cancer (UBC) are unknown. In this study, MCP was first tested in T24 and J82 human UBC cells and showed the inhibition of cell viability by the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The MCP-treated UBC cells exhibited G2/M phase arrest with the decrease of Cyclin B1 and phosphorylated Cdc2. Caspase-3 was also activated, leading to the cleavage of Caspase-3 and PARP. We further explored the possible molecular mechanisms upon MCP treatment in UBC cells. Reduction of galectin-3 was observed and followed with the inactivation of Akt signaling pathway. Of note, galectin-3 knockdown by RNA interference recapitulated the MCP-mediated anti-proliferation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, oral administration of MCP to the T24 xenograft-bearing nude mice inhibited the tumor growth significantly (P<0.05). Quantification analysis of immunohistochemistry staining for Ki67 and cleaved Caspase-3 confirmed the decrease of proliferation index (P<0.05) and the increase of apoptosis index (P<0.01) in 700 mg/kg MCP-fed UBC xenografts. Using the information from TCGA database, we revealed that the overexpression of galectin-3 was associated with high tumor grade with lymph node metastasis, poor overall survival in UBC patients. Considering the remarkable inhibitory effects of MCP on UBC cell proliferation and survival in vitro and in vivo mainly through galectin-3, which is upregulated in UBCs, MCP may become an attractive agent, as a natural dietary fiber, for prevention and therapy of UBCs. | Tian Fang Dan-dan Liu He-ming Ning Dan Liu Jing-ya Sun Xiao-jing Huang Yu Dong Mei-yu Geng Shi-feng Yun Jun Yan Rui-min Huang | 2018 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2018，39，12： | 10 |
| 3 | 膀胱癌发病及影响预后的危险因素显示文摘膀胱癌是我国泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤.我国膀胱癌的发病率虽然远低于西方国家,但近年来有逐渐增高趋势.与大多数恶性肿瘤一样,膀胱癌的发生是一个多因素、多步骤的病理变化过程.除膀胱癌的分级分期之外,目前环境暴露对于膀胱癌进展复发及预后的影响还知之甚少.明确并控制膀胱癌发病及影响预后的危险因素,对降低膀胱癌的发病率和提高膀胱癌的生存率具有重要意义. | 谢立平 毛祺琦 | 2009 | 临床外科杂志2009，17，11： | 7 |
| 4 | Does Postoperative Rehabilitation for Radical Cystectomy Call for Enhanced Recovery after Surgery?A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis显示文摘The aim of this review was to systematically compare the outcomes of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)with standard care(SC)after radical cystectomy.We performed a systematic search of PubMed,Ovid?Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library to identify studies published until September 2017 which involved a comparison of ERAS and SC.A meta-analysis was performed to assess the outcomes of ERAS versus SC.Sixteen studies including 8 prospective and 8 retrospective trials met the eligibility criteria.A total of 2100 participants were assigned to ERAS(1258 cases)or SC(842 cases).The time to first flatus passage[WMD=-0.95 days,95%Cl(-1.50,-0.41),P=0.0006],time until return to a regular diet[WMD=-2.15 days,95%Cl(-2.86,—1.45),P<0.00001]and the length of hospital stay[WMD=-3.75 days,95%Cl(-5.13,-2.36),P<0.00001]were significantly shorter,and the incidence of postoperative complications[OR=0.60,95%Cl(0.44,0.83),P=0.002],especially postoperative paralytic ileus[OR=0.43,95%Cl(0.30,0.62),P<0.00001]and cardiovascular complications[OR=0.28,95%Cl(0.09,0.90),P=0.03]was significantly lower in the ERAS group than those in the SC group.This meta-analysis demonstrated that ERAS was associated with a shorter time to first flatus passage,return of bowel fimction,and the length of hospital stay than SC in patients undergoing radical cystectomy,as well as a lower rate of postoperative complications,especially paralytic ileus and cardiovascular complications. | Jun XIAO Meng WANG Wei HE Jing WANG Fan YANG Xue-you MA Yu ZANG Chun-guang YANG Gan YU Zhi-hua Wang Zhang-qun YE | 2019 | Current Medical Science2019，39，1： | 5 |
| 5 | 膀胱癌保留膀胱的手术治疗显示文摘据世界卫生组织2002年统计,全球每年约有36万新发膀胱癌病例,发病率居恶性肿瘤第九位,发病率呈现逐年上升趋势,从1985年至2000年,肿瘤年发病率增加了33%.2009年美国预计有70 980例新诊断的膀胱癌患者,14 330例患者将会死于该疾病[1]. | 孔垂泽 | 2009 | 临床外科杂志2009，17，11： | 4 |
| 6 | Preliminary Study of the in vitro Growth Inhibition of Human Bladder Cancer Cell Line BIU-87 by Arsenic Trioxide显示文摘To study the effects of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on the in vitro growth of human bladder cancer cells and the mechanisms. The growth inhibition rates of human bladder cancer cell line BIU87 by various concentrations of As2O3 were detected by using MTT method. Cell apoptosis was detected by in situ terminally labeled transferase technique and bcl-2 gene expression of BIU-87 cells was observed by SABC immunohistochemical method. The results showed that As2O3 could inhibit the growth of BIU-87 effectively in a dose-dependent manner. After drug’s action, the apoptotic bladder cancer cells were obviously increased, which depended on the prolongation of the action time and Bcl-2 expression of BIU-87 cells was decreased significantly. It was suggested that As2O3 could significantly inhibit the growth of bladder human cancer cells. Inducing cell apoptosis by down- regulating the expression of hcl-2 gene might be one of its action mechanisms. | 童强松 曾甫清 朱朝晖 鲁功成 | 2000 | Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences)2000，20，2： | 3 |
| 7 | Effect of salinomycin on metastasis and invasion of bladder cancer cell line T24显示文摘Objective: To explore the effect of salinomycin on the metastasis and invasion of bladder cancer cell line T24 by regulating the related protein expression in the process of epithelialmesenchymal transition(EMT), and to provide experimental basis for the treatment of urological tumors. Methods: The bladder cancer cell line T24 was cultured in vitro. The rat bladder tumor model was established in vivo. The rats were randomized into two groups, among which the rats in the experiment group were given intraperitoneal injection of salinomycin, while the rats in the control group were given intraperitoneal injection of normal saline. The change of tumor cells in the two groups was observed. Transwell was used to detect the cell migration and invasion abilities, Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of m RNA, while Western-blot was utilized for the determination of the expressions of E-cadherin and vimentin proteins. Results: The metastasis and invasion abilities of serum bladder cancer cell line T24 after salinomycin treatment in the experiment group were significantly reduced when compared with those in the control group, and the tumor metastasis lesions were decreased from an average of 1.59 to 0.6(P<0.05). T24 cell proliferation in the experiment group was gradually decreasing. T24 cell proliferation at 48 h was significantly lower than that at 12 h and 24 h(P<0.05). T24 cell proliferation at 24 h was significantly lower than that at 12 h(P<0.05). T24 cell proliferation at each timing point in the experiment group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). The serum m RNA level and E-cadherin expression in the tumor tissues in the experiment group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while vimentin expression level was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusions: Salinomycin can suppress the metastasis and invasion of bladder cancer cells, of which the mechanism is probably associated with the inhibition of EMT of tumor cells. | Hu Qu Bo Ma Hao-Feng Yuan Zhong-Yang Wang Sheng-Jie Guo Jing Zhang | 2015 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2015，8，7： | 3 |
| 8 | Stem cell applications for pathologies of the urinary bladder显示文摘New stem cell based therapies are undergoing intense research and are widely investigated in clinical fields including the urinary system. The urinary bladder performs critical complex functions that rely on its highly coordinated anatomical composition and multiplex of regulatory mechanisms. Bladder pathologies resulting in severe dysfunction are common clinical encounter and often cause significant impairment of patient's quality of life. Current surgical and medical interventions to correct urinary dysfunction or to replace an absent or defective bladder are sub-optimal and are associated with notable complications. As a result, stem cell based therapies for the urinary bladder are hoped to offer new venues that could make up for limitations of existing therapies. In this article, we review research efforts that describe the use of different types of stem cells in bladder reconstruction, urinary incontinence and retention disorders. In particular, stress urinary incontinence has been a popular target for stem cell based therapies in reported clinical trials. Furthermore, we discuss the relevance of the cancer stem cell hypothesis to the development of bladder cancer. A key subject that should not be overlooked is the safety and quality of stem cell based therapies introduced to human subjects either in a research or a clinical context. | Noha A Mousa Hisham A Abou-Taleb Hazem Orabi | 2015 | World Journal of Stem Cells2015，7，5： | 2 |
| 9 | Radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: oncologic outcome in 271 Chinese patients显示文摘Few large scale studies have reported the oncologic outcome of radical cystectomy for treating bladder cancer in China; hence, we lack long-term prognostic information. The aim of the current study was to determine the survival rate and prognostic factors of patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer in a Chinese medical center. We retrospectively analyzed clinicopathologic data from 271 bladder cancer patients who underwent radical cystectomy between 2000 and 2011. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify independent prognostic predictors for this cohort. Median follow-up was 31.7 months(range, 0.2–139.1 months). Thirty-day mortality was(1.4%). The 5-year recurrence-free survival, cancer-specific survival(CSS), and overall survival rates were 61.6%, 72.9%, and 68.0%, respectively. The 5-year CSS rates of patients with T1–T4 disease were 90.7%, 85.0%, 51.0%, and 18.0%, respectively. Patients with organ-confined disease had a higher 5-year CSS rate than those with extravesical disease(81.4% vs. 34.9%, P < 0.001). For the 38 patients(14%) with lymph node involvement, the 5-year CSS rate was 27.7%—significantly lower than that of patients without lymph node metastasis(P < 0.001). The 5-year CSS rate was much higher in patients with low grade tumor than in those with high grade tumor(98.1% vs. 68.1%, P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression showed that patient age(hazard ratio, 2.045; P = 0.013) and T category(hazard ratio, 2.213; P < 0.001) were independent predictors for CSS. These results suggest that radical cystectomy is a safe and effective method for treating bladder cancer in Chinese patients. Old age and high T category were associated with poor prognosis in bladder cancer patients who underwent radical cystectomy. | Zhi-Ling Zhang Pei Dong Yong-Hong Li Zhuo-Wei Liu Kai Yao Hui Han Zi-Ke Qin Fang-Jian Zhou | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2014，33，3： | 2 |
| 10 | Metformin targets Clusterin to control lipogenesis and inhibit the growth of bladder cancer cells through SREBP-lc/FASN axis显示文摘Dear Editor,Metformin,a widely prescribed drug for treating typeⅡdiabetes,has shown an important anti-cancer property.1 However,new launched clinical trials did not achieve such desirable results.2 One explanation could be that metformin’s anti-cancer mechan-isms and precise therapeutic targets remain unclear.To identify potential therapeutic targets of metformin in bladder cancer,we screened differential proteins with metformin treatment in T24 cells by high-throughput protein chip. | Jun Deng Mei Peng Sichun Zhou Di Xiao Xin Hu Simeng Xu Jingtao Wu Xiaoping Yang | 2021 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2021，6，4： | 2 |
| 11 | Traditional Chinese Medicine for Bladder Cancer:a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis显示文摘Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of bladder cancer.Methods:The databases of CNKI(1989-2018.10),Wan fang Data(1989-2018.10),VIP(1989-2018.10),PubMed(1966-2018.10),EMbase(1986-2018.10)and Cochrane Library(3rd issue,2018)were searched..Evidence quality and rating recommendations were scored using the GRADE system.Results:Thirty-six eligible studies were included with 3,109 patients.The meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate OR combination=2.85[OR=2.85,95%CI(1.98,4.09),P<0.00001].Recurrence OR merge=0.33[OR=0.33,95%CI(0.26,0.42),P<0.00001];Adverse reaction rate OR combination=0.37[OR=0.37,95%CI(0.32,0.43),P<0.00001];Incidence of adverse reactions OR combination=0.41[OR=0.41,95%CI(0.30,0.55),P<0.00001];Survival rate OR combination=1.78[OR=1.78,95%CI(0.55,5.77),P=0.34];Quality of life improvement rate OR consolidation=12.42[OR=12.42 95%CI(3.21,48.11),P=0.0003].The GRADE system evaluation results show that the evidence level is B and the recommendation level is weak.The traditional Chinese medicine group was superior to the control group in the efficiency rate,postoperative recurrence rate,incidence rate of adverse reactions,survival rate,quality of life improvement rate and incidence rate of toxic and side effects in the treatment of bladder cancer.Conclusion:Traditional Chinese Medicine has a good effect on treating bladder cancer and controlling recurrence of bladder cancer.Due to the impact of the original study on the results of meta-analysis,larger sample and high-quality clinical trials are still needed to verify. | Li-Hui Zhang Yao Yang Ying Chen Guo-Wei Zhang | 2018 | Medical Data Mining2018，1，2： | 2 |
| 12 | 尿液膀胱癌特异性核基质蛋白4检测对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌术后监测及预后评估的意义显示文摘目的 探讨尿液膀胱癌特异性核基质蛋白4(BLCA-4)检测对非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌术后监测及预后评估的意义.方法 收集2013年12月至2015年6月就诊于本科室的膀胱癌患者42例,均行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术,术后均经病理证实为膀胱非肌层浸润性尿路上皮癌.术前及术后1、3、6、12个月收集患者尿液标本进行BLCA-4水平检测,术后每月进行膀胱镜检查明确肿瘤复发情况.分析术前尿液BLCA-4水平与临床病理参数的关系.多因素COX回归分析膀胱癌术后复发的危险因素.结果 42例患者尿液BLCA-4水平在术后1个月降至最低,术后3个月开始逐渐升高.术后肿瘤复发患者经膀胱镜检查确诊前均出现尿液BLCA-4水平升高,尿液BLCA-4呈阳性最早时间比膀胱镜确诊复发时间早(8.1±3.5)个月.术前尿液BLCA-4水平与肿瘤分级、临床分期有关(均P〈0.05).多因素COX回归分析显示,术前尿液BLCA-4高表达、术后3个月及6个月尿液BLCA-4阳性是肿瘤复发的危险因素(均P〈0.05).结论 检测尿液BLCA-4水平适用于膀胱癌术后监测及预后判断. | 邓楠 钟剑峰 黄伟佳 刘平 高兴成 | 2017 | 中华生物医学工程杂志2017，23，2： | 2 |
| 13 | Pedigree analysis of a POLD1 germline mutation in urothelial carcinoma shows a close association between different mutation burdens and overall survival显示文摘Bladder cancer(BCa)is the ninth most frequently diagnosed tumor worldwide,and smoking remains a major risk faaor.BCa is divided into nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)and muscle invasive bladder cancer(MIBC).1 NMIBC accounts for 70-80% of all BCa cases,its recurrence rate is high,and 20-30% of NMIBC patients progress to MIBC. | Yejinpeng Wang Lingao Ju Zicheng Guo Kaiyu Qian Hongbo Chen Yi Zhang Yu Xiao Xinghuan Wang | 2021 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2021，18，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Tumor-suppressor microRNA-139-5p restrains bladder cancer cell line ECV-304 properties via targeting Connexin 43显示文摘Background:In our previous paper,we demonstrated that Connexin 43(CX43)was highly expressed in bladder cancer(BC)tissues.But the molecular mechanism about microRNAs(miRNAs)regulation upstream of CX43 in BC has not been well elucidated and remains to be further studied.MicroRNA-139-5p(miR-139-5p)is a tumor suppressor in progression of multifarious cancers including BC.Nevertheless,the underlying mechanisms of CX43/miR-139-5p in tumorigenesis of BC are still not well illustrated.The specific objective of our study was to inquiry the effect of CX43/miR-139-5p on BC progression and its underlying mechanism.Methods:The bioinformatics analysis softwares were applied to predict the miRNAs in the upstream of CX43.First,the expression levels of miR-139-5p in BC tissues(tumor)and paracancer tissues(normal)were investigated using the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database.Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the mRNA expression level of miR-139-5p in three human BC cell lines 5637,T24,ECV-304 and a human bladder epithelial immortalized cell line SV-HUC-1(normal control).Then si-CX43,si-control,miR-139-5p mimic,and its negative control(NC)were transfected into BC cell line ECV-304.The relationship of miR-139-5p and CX43 was analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter assay.The qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to test the mRNA and protein expression level of CX43.The proliferation of ECV-304 and T24 cells were examined by cell counting kit-8.The migration and invasion of ECV-304 cells were tested by transwell assay.To determine whether miR-139-5p would affect cell proliferation,migration and invasion by targeting CX43,we executed the rescue assay.The comparison between two groups was analyzed by Student’s t test,and comparisons among multiple samples were performed by oneway analysis of variance and a Bonferroni post hoc test.Results:The expression of miR-139-5p was remarkably down-regulated in BC tissues(tumor vs.normal,2.286±0.017 vs.3.211±0.034,t=11.540,P<0.0001)and cell lines(P<0.01 in all BC cell lines).Besides,we also indicated that over-expression of miR-139-5p reduced the proliferation of ECV-304(P=0.001)and T24 cells(P=0.005).Moreover,miR-139-5p over-expression weakened the invasion(P=0.001)and migration(P=0.001)of ECV-304 cells.Furthermore,the relative luciferase activity of CX43-wild type construct was distinctly lessened by up-regulation of miR-139-5p(miR-139-5p mimic NC vs.miR-139-5p mimic,0.916±0.063 vs.0.356±0.048,t=7.085,P=0.002),nevertheless the activity of CX43-mutant type construct was untouched(miR-139-5p mimic NC vs.miR-139-5p mimic,0.918±0.057 vs.0.878±0.039,t=0.577,P=0.595).Finally,the rescue assay revealed that CX43 deletion enhanced the depressor effect of miR-139-5p on ECV-304 cell proliferation(P<0.01),invasion(P=0.028),and migration(P=0.014).Conclusion:MiR-139-5p,as a tumor-suppressor,repressed cell proliferation,invasion,and migration in BC,which might be achieved by regulating CX43. | Qiang Chi Zhi-Yong Wang Hong-Yang Li Dian-Bin Song Hui Xu Guang Ma Ze-Min Wang Xiu-Ming Li | 2019 | Chinese Medical Journal2019，，19： | 1 |
| 15 | Inhibition of G9a by a small molecule inhibitor, UNC0642,induces apoptosis of human bladder cancer cells显示文摘Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is characterized by frequent recurrence and metastasis despite the standard chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin combination. Histone modi?ers are often dysregulated in cancer development, thus they can serve as an excellent drug targets for cancer therapy. Here, we investigated whether G9a, one of the histone H3 methyltransferases, was associated with UBC development. We ?rst analyzed clinical data from public databases and found that G9a was signi?cantly overexpressed in UBC patients. The TCGA Provisional dataset showed that the average expression level of G9a in primary UBC samples (n = 408) was 1.6-fold as much as that in normal bladder samples (n = 19;P < 0.001). Then we used small interfering RNA to knockdown G9a in human UBC T24 and J82 cell lines in vitro, and observed that the cell viability was signi?cantly decreased and cell apoptosis induced. Next, we choosed UNC0642, a small molecule inhibitor targeting G9a, with low cytotoxicity, and excellent in vivo pharmacokinetic properties, to test its anticancer effects against UBC cells in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with UNC0642 dose-dependently decreased the viability of T24, J82, and 5637 cells with the IC50 values of 9.85 ± 0.41, 13.15 ± 1.72, and 9.57 ± 0.37 μM, respectively. Furthermore, treatment with UNC0642 (1?20 μM) dose-dependently decreased the levels of histone H3K9me2, the downstream target of G9a, and increased apoptosis in T24 and J82 cells. In nude mice bearing J82 engrafts, administration of UNC0642 (5 mg/kg, every other day, i.p., for 6 times) exerted signi?cant suppressive effect on tumor growth without loss of mouse body weight. Moreover, administration of UNC0642 significantly reduced Ki67 expression and increased the level of cleaved Caspase 3 and BIM protein in J82 xenografts evidenced by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis, respectively. Taken together, our data demonstrated that G9a may be a promising therapeutic target for UBC, and an epigenetics-based therapy by UNC0642 is suggested. | Yue-peng Cao Jing-ya Sun Mei-qian Li Yu Dong Yuan-heng Zhang Jun Yan Rui-min Huang Xiang Yan | 2019 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2019，40，8： | 1 |
| 16 | Radio-chemotherapy for bladder cancer: Contribution of chemotherapy on local control显示文摘The purpose of this study was to review the magnitude of contribution of chemotherapy(CT) in the local control of muscle invasive bladder carcinoma in the studies where a combined radio-chemotherapy(RCT) was used(how much higher local control rates are obtained with RCT compared to RT alone).Studies on radiotherapy(RT) and combined RCT,neo-adjuvant,concurrent,adjuvant or combinations,reported after 1990 were reviewed.The mean complete response(CR) rates were significantly higher for the RCT studies compared to RT-alone studies:75.9% vs 64.4%(Wilcoxon ranksum test,P = 0.001).Eleven of the included RCT studies involved 2-3 cycles of neo-adjuvant CT,in addition to concurrent RCT.The RCT studies included the onephase type(where a full dose of RCT was given and then assessment of response and cystectomy for nonresponders followed) and the two-phase types(where an assessment of response was undertaken after an initial RCT course,followed 6 wk later by a consolidation RCT for those patients with a CR).CR rates between the two subgroups of RCT studies were 79.6%(one phase) vs 71.6%(two-phase)(P = 0.015).Theaverage achievable tumour control rates,with an acceptable rate of side effects have been around 70%,which may represent a plateau.Further increase in CR response rates demands for new chemotherapeutic agents,targeted therapies,or modified fractionation in various combinations.Quantification of RT and CT contribution to local control using radiobiological modelling in trial designs would enhance the potential for both improved outcomes and the estimation of the potential gain. | George A Plataniotis Roger G Dale | 2013 | World Journal of Radiology2013，5，8： | 1 |
| 17 | 膀胱癌术后膀胱灌注的应用和探讨显示文摘膀胱癌是常见的泌尿系统肿瘤,在西方国家发病率仅次于前列腺癌,其发病率正逐年上升,年新增病例仅美国就超过了60 000例[1],而在我国其发病率和病死率均占泌尿男生殖系统肿瘤的首位,其中有70%~80%为非肌层浸润性膀胱癌[2].膀胱癌有易复发和易进展的特点,复发率高达60%~85%,其中有30%发展为浸润性癌[3].经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)术后有10%~67%的患者会在12个月内复发,术后5年内有24%~84%的患者复发,可能与新发肿瘤、肿瘤细胞种植或原发肿瘤切除不完全有关[4].因此,对膀胱癌患者术后进行合理有效的膀胱灌注不仅是治疗过程中非常重要的环节,可预防肿瘤的复发和进展,避免膀胱全切,降低膀胱肿瘤的死亡率[5],也是预防术后肿瘤复发和进展的主要措施.由此可见,术后膀胱灌注是保留膀胱后必不可少的治疗. | 王忠 姚海军 | 2009 | 临床外科杂志2009，17，11： | 1 |
| 18 | Gallbladder cancer harboring ERBB2 mutation on the primary and metastatic site: A case report显示文摘BACKGROUND Bile duct cancer constitutes gallbladder cancer(GBC),intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICA),and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ECA).These three entities show morphological and immunohistochemical resemblance so that it is difficult to differentiate between primary ICA and liver metastasis of GBC,which sometimes becomes a point of discussion in clinical practice.Although these cancers demonstrate significant differences in their mutational landscape,several reports demonstrated shared genomic alteration in paired primary and metastatic site aids in distinguishing metastatic recurrence from second primary cancers.CASE SUMMARY We present a 73-year-old female patient who underwent curative resection for GBC harboring epidermal growth factor receptor 2(ERBB2)activating mutation on next-generation sequencing(NGS)-based genomic testing.One year later,a hepatic lesion was observed on follow-up imaging and she underwent surgical resection for a pathological diagnosis.The histological findings of the hepatic lesion were similar to those of the primary lesion.Additionally,using NGS panel testing,the hepatic lesion was found to have ERBB2 activating mutation,which is the identical mutation detected in the sequencing result of the primary site.ERBB2 activating mutation occurs more frequently in GBC than ICA and ECA.Therefore,in the present case,we think this molecular finding potentiated the diagnosis of the liver mass toward a metastatic recurrence.Additionally,this patient underwent HER2-targeted treatment with lapatinib in combination with capecitabin and obtained clinical benefit.CONCLUSION This case illustrated NGS panel usefulness in distinguishing GBC recurrence from second primary cancer and HER2-targeted agent efficacy on ERBB2 mutated GBC. | Chiaki Inagaki Daichi Maeda Akie Kimura Toru Otsuru Yoshifumi Iwagami Naohiro Nishida Daisuke Sakai Ryo Shitotsuki Shinichi Yachida Yuichiro Doki Taroh Satoh | 2019 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2019，11，9： | 1 |
| 19 | Intravesical immunotoxin as adjuvant therapy to prevent the recurrence of bladder cancer显示文摘To assess the intravesical application of immunotoxin as adjuvant therapy to prevent recurrence after tumor resection in bladder cancer patients Methods An anti human immunotoxin against bladder carcinoma, BDI 1 RT, was prepared and its in vitro targeting cytotoxicity estimated The immunoreactivity of BDI 1 RT with human bladder cancer tissue of different grades and stages was detected by immunohistochemical analysis After safety test, intravesical administration of BDI 1 RT was performed in 31 patients while mitomycin C (MMC) was used in 36 patients serving as a control group The recurrence rates and side effects in both groups were recorded In addition, the development of human anti mouse antibodies (HAMA) was determined by ELISA, to assess the potential safety of this immuotoxin Results In our study, BDI 1 RT had immunoreactivity with 81 6% of bladder transitional cell carcinomas The immunoreactivity of BDI 1 RT correlated with tumor grade High grade carcinoma had stronger staining than low grade ( P <0 05) There was no significant difference between the BDI 1 RT group (10%) and MMC group (19 3%) in recurrence rate ( P >0 05) Side effects, including systemic and local, were more frequent in the MMC group (11 of 36 patients versus 2 of 31, P <0 05) HAMA was not detected in any of 7 patients Conclusion Immunotoxin may have considerable potential in the prophylaxis of bladder transition cell | 臧智江 徐鸿毅 俞莉章 杨德林 谢蜀生 石永福 李泽惠 李炯明 王剑松 李玛琳 郭应禄 顾方六 | 2000 | Chinese Medical Journal2000，，11： | 1 |
| 20 | Research progress on the relationship between high-risk HPV infection and urinary system tumor显示文摘Human papillomavirus(HPV) is classified either as high-risk or low-risk types depending on its probability of leading to tumorigenesis. Many studies have shown that HPV infection, especially the high-risk kind, is always related to prostate cancer, bladder cancer, penile cancer, testicular cancer, and other urinary system tumors. However, previous studies differed in sexual openness and racial genetic susceptibility of the study object, sample size, and experimental methods. Hence, the correlation between high-risk HPV infection and urinary system tumors remains controversial. The early open reading frame of the HPV genome is composed of E1–E7, among which E6 and E7 are the key transfer proteins. The combination of these proteins with oncogene and anti-oncogene may be one of the mechanisms leading to tumorigenesis. | Wenyan Yang | 2017 | 国际感染病学(电子版)2017，6，4： | 0 |
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