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| 1 | Metabolic syndrome in hypertensive patients:An unholy alliance显示文摘For many years, it has been recognized that hypertension tends to cluster with various anthropometric and metabolic abnormalities including abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and hyperuricemia. This constellation of various conditions has been transformed from a pathophysiological concept to a clinical entity, which has been defined metabolic syndrome(MetS). The consequences of the MetS have been difficult to assess without commonly accepted criteria to diagnose it. For this reason, on 2009 the International Diabetes Federation, the American Heart Association and other scientific organizations proposed a unified MetS definition. The incidence of the MetS has been increasing worldwide in parallel with an increase in overweight and obesity. The epidemic proportion reached by the MetS represents a major public health challenge, because several lines of evidence showed that the MetS, even without type 2 diabetes, confers an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in different populations including also hypertensive patients. It is likely that the enhanced cardiovascular risk associated with MetS in patients with high blood pressure may be largely mediated through an increased prevalence of preclinical cardiovascular and renal changes, such as left ventricular hypertrophy, early carotid atherosclerosis, impaired aortic elasticity, hypertensive retinopathy and microalbuminuria. Indeed, many reports support this notion, showing that hypertensive patients with MetS exhibit, more often than those without it, these early signs of end organ damage, most of which are recognized as significant independent predictors of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. | Giuseppe Mulè IIenia Calcaterra Emilio Nardi Giovanni Cerasola Santina Cottone | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，9： | 10 |
| 2 | Long-term bone and lung consequences associated with hospital-acquired severe acute respiratory syndrome:a 15-year follow-up from a prospective cohort study显示文摘The most severe sequelae after rehabilitation from SARS are femoral head necrosis and pulmonary fibrosis. We performed a 15-year follow-up on the lung and bone conditions of SARS patients. We evaluated the recovery from lung damage and femoral head necrosis in an observational cohort study of SARS patients using pulmonary CT scans, hip joint MRI examinations, pulmonary function tests and hip joint function questionnaires. Eighty medical staff contracted SARS in 2003. Two patients died of SARS, and78 were enrolled in this study from August 2003 to March 2018. Seventy-one patients completed the 15-year follow-up. The percentage of pulmonary lesions on CT scans diminished from 2003(9.40 ± 7.83)% to 2004(3.20 ± 4.78)%(P < 0.001) and remained stable thereafter until 2018(4.60 ± 6.37)%. Between 2006 and 2018, the proportion of patients with interstitial changes who had improved pulmonary function was lower than that of patients without lesions, as demonstrated by the one-second ratio(FEV1/FVC%, t = 2.21, P = 0.04) and mid-flow of maximum expiration(FEF25%–75%, t = 2.76, P = 0.01). The volume of femoral head necrosis decreased significantly from 2003(38.83 ± 21.01)% to 2005(30.38 ± 20.23)%(P = 0.000 2), then declined slowly from 2005 to 2013(28.99 ± 20.59)% and plateaued until 2018(25.52 ± 15.51)%. Pulmonary interstitial damage and functional decline caused by SARS mostly recovered, with a greater extent of recovery within 2 years after rehabilitation. Femoral head necrosis induced by large doses of steroid pulse therapy in SARS patients was not progressive and was partially reversible. | Peixun Zhang Jia Li Huixin Liu Na Han Jiabao Ju Yuhui Kou Lei Chen Mengxi Jiang Feng Pan Yali Zheng Zhancheng Gao Baoguo Jiang | 2020 | Bone Research2020，8，1： | 8 |
| 3 | Adiponectin signalling in bone homeostasis,with age and in disease显示文摘Adiponectin is the most abundant circulating adipokine and is primarily involved in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance.Within the bone,osteoblasts and osteoclasts express the adiponectin receptors,however,there are conflicting reports on the effects of adiponectin on bone formation and turnover.Many studies have shown a pro-osteogenic role for adiponectin in in vivo murine models and in vitro:with increased osteoblast differentiation and activity,alongside lower levels of osteoclastogenesis.However,human studies often demonstrate an inverse relationship between adiponectin concentration and bone activity.Moreover,the presence of multiple isoforms of adiponectin and multiple receptor subtypes has the potential to lead to more complex signalling and functional consequences.As such,we still do not fully understand the importance of the adiponectin signalling pathway in regulating bone homeostasis and repair in health,with age and in disease.In this review,we explore our current understanding of adiponectin bioactivity in the bone;the significance of its different isoforms;and how adiponectin biology is altered in disease.Ultimately,furthering our understanding of adiponectin regulation of bone biology is key to developing pharmacological and non-pharmacological(lifestyle)interventions that target adiponectin signalling to boost bone growth and repair in healthy ageing,following injury or in disease. | Jonathan W.Lewis James R.Edwards Amy J.Naylor Helen M.McGettrick | 2021 | Bone Research2021，9，1： | 8 |
| 4 | Ketogenic diet alleviates colitis by reduction of colonic group 3 innate lymphoid cells through altering gut microbiome显示文摘Accumulating evidence suggests that ketogenic diets(KDs)mediate the rise of circulating ketone bodies and exert a potential antiinflammatory effect;however,the consequences of this unique diet on colitis remain unknown.We performed a series of systematic studies using a dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)animal model of inflammatory colitis.Animals were fed with a KD,low-carbohydrate diet(LCD),or normal diet(ND).Germ-free mice were utilized in validation experiments.Colon tissues were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing,RT2 profiler PCR array,histopathology,and immunofluorescence.Serum samples were analyzed by metabolic assay kit.Fecal samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.We observed that KD alleviated colitis by altering the gut microbiota and metabolites in a manner distinct from LCD.Quantitative diet experiments confirmed the unique impact of KD relative to LCD with a reproducible increase in Akkermansia,whereas the opposite was observed for Escherichia/Shigella.After colitis induction,the KD protected intestinal barrier function,and reduced the production of R0Ryt+CD3_group 3 innate lymphoid cells(ILC3s)and related inflammatory cytokines(IL-17a,IL-18,IL-22,Ccl4).Finally,fecal microbiota transplantation into germ-free mice revealed that the KD-mediated colitis inhibition and ILC3 regulation were dependent on the modification of gut microbiota.Taken together,our study presents a global view of microbiome-metabolomics changes that occur during KD colitis treatment,and identifies the regulation of gut microbiome and ILC3s as novel targets involving in IBD dietary therapy. | Cheng Kong Xuebing Yan Yongqiang Liu Linsheng Huang Yefei Zhu Jide He Renyuan Gao Matthew F.Kalady Ajay Goel Huanlong Qin Yanlei Ma | 2021 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2021，6，5： | 8 |
| 5 | Applying an ecosystem services approach to support land-use planning:a case study in Koboko district,Uganda显示文摘Introduction:This paper presents a case study of the application of an ecosystem services framework to support land-use planning.The district of Koboko,in northwestern Uganda,formed the study area.The overall purpose was to improve the understanding of links between human actions,their impact on ecosystems and the services they provide,and,ultimately,consequences for human wellbeing.The framework developed by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment was used as a main conceptual reference.The analysis comprised four main stages:(1)identification of the main ecosystems and their services;(2)analysis of human wellbeing components,focusing on poverty issues;(3)assessment of the interrelations between ecosystem services and human wellbeing;(4)identification of the main drivers of change and development of future spatial development scenarios.Results:The scenarios were developed starting from the main drivers of change and show the dependency of human wellbeing on ecosystems services,identifying how spatial development strategies can affect that dependency.Quantitative information was not easily available,therefore scenario development made use of both quantitative and qualitative analysis.The results of qualitative and quantitative approaches were consistent,proving the strength and flexibility of the method.Conclusions:Scenario results aim to provide guidance for local government land-use planning,focusing on the promotion of sustainability through ecosystem services preservation.The spatially explicit analysis illustrated how different policies affect urban development;it was clearly shown that even with very different demographic outcomes,the impact of sectorial policies guaranteed a good level of suitability for new residential areas. | Lighea Speziale Davide Geneletti | 2014 | Ecological Processes2014，3，1： | 4 |
| 6 | 水-沙变化趋势影响世界大河发展方向(英文)显示文摘As the primary fluxes transported by rivers,water and sediment play a crucial role in the evolution of riverine-estuarinecoastal topography and the establishment of ecological systems[1].Under the impact of climate change and human activities,river discharge suffered significant changes worldwide[2,3]in the past decades.These changes have resulted in a variety of consequences[1].Meanwhile,global interests in water issues have been extended from water resources to water-related disasters,and ecological and environmental problems[4-7]. | 胡春宏 | 2020 | Science Bulletin2020，65，1： | 4 |
| 7 | Welcome Back to the Pre-Penicillin Era.Why We Desperately Need New Strategies in the Battle Against Bacterial Pathogens显示文摘In 2023,one hundred years will have passed since penicillin was discovered.My parents'generation was bor around the time penicillin was introduced(in 1942),raising their children when the last class of antibiotics was introduced(Daptomycin in the late 1980s),and recently saw major players of the pharmaceutical industry abandon their research programs on novel antibiotics.1,2 In the span of one lifetime,mankind has experienced the tremendous success of antibiotics and the realization of the horrific consequences of their failure,with over 10 million deaths predicted by 2050 due to multidrug-resistant infections.3 With the rise of multidrug resistant pathogens,resistant to many if not all compounds,it scems the golden era of antibiotics has lasted less than one century. | Sebastian Leptihn | 2019 | Infectious Microbes & Diseases2019，1，2： | 4 |
| 8 | Magnetic resonance imaging-based interpretation of degenerative changes in the lower lumbar segments and therapeutic consequences显示文摘Intervertebral disc degeneration and facet joint osteoarthritis of the lumbar spine are, among others, wellknown as a cause of low back and lower extremity pain. Together with their secondary disorders they set a big burden on health care systems and economics worldwide. Despite modern imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging, for a large proportion of patients with low back pain(LBP) it remains difficult to provide a specific diagnosis. The fact that nearly all the lumbar structures are possible sources of LBP, may serve as a possible explanation. Furthermore, our clinical experience confirms, that imaging alone is not a sufficient approach explaining LBP. Here, the Oswestry Disability Index, as the most commonly used measure to quantify disability for LBP, may serve as an easy-toapply questionnaire to evaluate the patient's ability to cope with everyday life. For therapeutic purposes, among the different options, the lumbar facet joint intraarticular injection of corticosteroids in combination with an anaesthetic solution is one of the most frequently performed interventional procedures. Although widely used the clinical benefit of intra-articular steroid injections remains controversial. Therefore, prior to therapy, standardized diagnostic algorithms for an accurate assessment, classification and correlation of degenerative changes of the lumbar spine are needed. | Adel Maataoui Thomas J Vogl M Fawad Khan | 2015 | World Journal of Radiology2015，7，8： | 4 |
| 9 | Legal Consequences of the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965显示文摘The Court finds that the process of decolonization of Mauritius was not lawfully completed when that country acceded to independence and that the United Kingdom is under an obligation to bring to an end its administration of the Chagos Archipelago as rapidly as possible THE HAGUE, 25 February 2019. | | 2019 | 中华海洋法学评论2019，15，1： | 3 |
| 10 | 2060年中国实现碳中和所面临的挑战:现状与展望显示文摘China’s high ambitions to reach peak CO_(2) emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 make carbon mitigation an urgent issue with widespread societal consequences.To develop an achievable roadmap and an effective portfolio of climate policies,it is essential that a clear picture of the magnitude and uncertainty of China’s current carbon balance is available,at both national and regional levels. | 陈报章 陈发虎 Philippe Ciais 张慧芳 吕洪刚 汪涛 Frédéric Chevallier 刘竹 袁文平 Wouter Peters | 2022 | Science Bulletin2022，67，20： | 3 |
| 11 | High mobility group box protein 1 and white matter injury following traumatic brain injury: perspectives on mechanisms and therapeutic strategies显示文摘Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Despite significant medical advances over recent decades,many survivors of TBI develop long term neuro-cognitive deficits.Previously,only moderate and severe injuries were thought to account for the devastating consequences of TBI.However,there is increasing evidence that even milder injuries may result in problematic lifelong cognitive and affective disturbances.TBI is typically characterized by an an acute physical injury followed by a protracted innate neuro-inflammatory response.These reponses,mediated via neuronal,astrocyte and microglial cells,amongst others,and may result in widespread neuronal death and a micro-environment that is not conducive to brain repair(Manivannan et al.,2021).Whilst the primary physical injury often evades intervention from a medical perspective,the subsequent neuro-inflammatory response offers a potential therapeutic target.Nonetheless,effective pharmacological strategies continue to elude clinicians and scientists due to the complex underlying pathogenesis and difficulties of modelling such a heterogeneous disease.However,the majority of research to date has focused on investigating the effects of post-traumatic neuro-inflammation on grey matter injury rather than the consequences upon white matter(WM),which contributes greatly to cognitive dysfunction across many neurological diseases(Filly and Kelly,2018).Herein,we will briefly discuss:(i)high mobility group box protein 1(HMGB1)as a potential therapeutic target;(ii)the relevance of WM injury in TBI and current understanding of WM repair following injury;and(iii)perspectives on how HMGB1 may play a role. | Ronak Ved Susruta Manivannan Imogen Tasker Malik Zaben | 2022 | Neural Regeneration Research2022，17，8： | 2 |
| 12 | The role of degenerative pathways in the development of irreversible consequences after brain ischemia显示文摘Ischemic stroke and irreversible consequences:Ischemic stroke in humans is the second most common cause of death in the world(Mozaffarian et al.,2016).The outcomes after a stroke are often dependent on complications,including motor disorders,depression and dementia(Pluta et al.,2018a),which causes a high risk of re-hospitalization and/or palliative care.This is also the main reason for long-term disability in people after stroke,with up to half of those who survived the stroke will not regain their independence until the end of their lives(Mozaffarian et al.,2016).According to epidemiological forecasts,human ischemic stroke will soon become the dominant cause of death worldwide(Bejot et al.,2016)as well as dementia with the phenotype of Alzheimer’s disease(AD;Kim and Lee 2018).It is suggested that human ischemic stroke and experimental brain ischemia in animals are associated with the possible development of AD neuropathology(Pluta et al.,2018a). | Ryszard Pluta Marzena U?amek-Kozio? | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，6： | 2 |
| 13 | Inflammation,epigenetics,and metabolism converge to cell senescence and ageing:the regulation and intervention显示文摘Remarkable progress in ageing research has been achieved over the past decades.General perceptions and experimental evidence pinpoint that the decline of physical function often initiates by cell senescence and organ ageing.Epigenetic dynamics and immunometabolic reprogramming link to the alterations of cellular response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli,representing current hotspots as they not only(re-)shape the individual cell identity,but also involve in cell fate decision.This review focuses on the present findings and emerging concepts in epigenetic,inflammatory,and metabolic regulations and the consequences of the ageing process.Potential therapeutic interventions targeting cell senescence and regulatory mechanisms,using state-of-the-art techniques are also discussed. | Xudong Zhu Zhiyang Chen Weiyan Shen Gang Huang John M.Sedivy Hu Wang Zhenyu Ju | 2021 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2021，6，7： | 2 |
| 14 | Seismic resilience of retrofitted RC buildings显示文摘Existing buildings can be at a greater seismic risk due to non-conformance to current design codes and may require structural retrofitting to improve building performance.The performance of buildings is measured in terms of immediate consequences due to direct damage,but the continuing impacts related to recovery are not considered in seismic retrofit assessment.This paper introduces a framework of retrofit selection based on the seismic resilience of deficient buildings retrofitted with the conventional mitigation approaches.The assembly-based methodology is considered for the seismic resilience assessment by compiling a nonlinear numerical model and a building performance model.The collapse fragility is developed from the capacity curve,and the resulting social,economic,and environmental consequences are determined.The seismic resilience of a building is assessed by developing a downtime assessment methodology incorporating sequence of repairs,impeding factors,and utility availability.Five functionality states are developed for the building functionality given investigated time interval,and a functionality curve for each retrofit is determined.It is concluded that seismic resilience can be used as a performance indicator to assess the continuing impacts of a hazard for the retrofit selection. | Ghazanfar Ali Anwar You Dong | 2020 | Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration2020，19，3： | 2 |
| 15 | Possible contribution of(pro)renin receptor to development of gestational diabetes mellitus显示文摘(Pro)renin receptor [(P)RR], a receptor for renin and prorenin, was first cloned in 2002. Since then, the pathophysiological roles of(P)RR have been growing concerns.(P)RR binds renin and prorenin, with two important consequences, nonproteolytic activation of prorenin, leading to the tissue renin-angiotensin system activation and the intracellular signalings. It is now also known to play an important role as vacuolar H+-ATPase associated protein, involving in Wnt signaling, main component of embryonic development. Extracellular domain of full-length(P)RR is cleaved in golgi-complex forming soluble(P)RR [s(P)RR]. The s(P)RR is now possible to be measured in human blood and urine. It is now measured in different pathophysiological states, and recent study showed that elevated plasma s(P)RR levels in the early stage of pregnancies are associated with higher incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus later in the pregnancies. Plasma s(P)RR levels of neonates are known to be higher than that of adults. It was also shown that, increased s(P)RR concentrations in cord blood, associated with a lower small for gestational age birth likelihood. These data suggests the involvement of(P)RR in embryo's growth. In thisreview article, we attempt to figure out the possible pathophysiological roles of the(P)RR in maternal glucose intolerance and embryo's growth, through reviewing previous studies. | Kanako Bokuda Atsuhiro Ichihara | 2014 | World Journal of Diabetes2014，5，6： | 2 |
| 16 | Uneven selection pressure accelerating divergence of Populus and Salix显示文摘Populus(poplars)and Salix(willows)are sister genera in the Salicaceae family that arise from a common tetraploid ancestor.The karyotypes of these two lineages are distinguished by two major interchromosomal and some minor intrachromosomal rearrangements,but which one is evolutionarily more primitive remains debatable.In this study,we compare the selection pressure acting on the paralogous genes resulting from salicoid duplication(PGRS)within and between the genomes of the two lineages.Purifying selection was determined to act more strongly on the PGRS in willow than on those in poplar,which would cause a faster loss of paralogous duplicates in willow.Therefore,Salix species are supposed to evolve faster than Populus species,which is consistent with the observation that the former are taxonomically and morphologically more diverse than the latter.In these two lineages,different autosomes were found to have been evolving into sex chromosomes.Examining theωratio and the PGRS in the sex determination regions in willow and poplar revealed higher convergent selection pressure and a faster loss of PGRS in the sex determination regions of both lineages.At the chromosome level,the sex chromosome in poplar is characterized by the lowest gene density among all chromosome members,while this feature is not observed on the sex chromosome in willow,suggesting that Populus species may inherit the more incipient sex chromosome from their progenitor.Taken together,Salix is supposed to be the nascent lineage arising from the additional round of genome reorganization that distinguishes the karyotypes of the two sister genera.In this study,assessment ofωratios also detected a list of paralogous genes under unusual selection pressure,which could have special consequences for the adaptive evolution of Salicaceae species.In conclusion,the results of this study provide unique information for better understanding the genetic mechanism accelerating the divergence of these two closely related lineages. | Jing Hou Suyun Wei Huixin Pan Qiang Zhuge Tongming Yin | 2019 | Horticulture Research2019，6，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Mechanisms of biotin-regulated gene expression in microbes显示文摘Biotin is an essential micronutrient that acts as a co-factor for biotin-dependent metabolic enzymes.In bacteria,the supply of biotin can be achieved by de novo synthesis or import from exogenous sources.Certain bacteria are able to obtain biotin through both mechanisms while others can only fulfill their biotin requirement through de novo synthesis.Inability to fulfill their cellular demand for biotin can have detrimental consequences on cell viability and virulence.Therefore understanding the transcriptional mechanisms that regulate biotin biosynthesis and transport will extend our knowledge about bacterial survival and metabolic adaptation during pathogenesis when the supply of biotin is limited.The most extensively characterized protein that regulates biotin synthesis and uptake is BirA.In certain bacteria,such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,BirA is a bi-functional protein that serves as a transcriptional repressor to regulate biotin biosynthesis genes,as well as acting as a ligase to catalyze the biotinylation of biotin-dependent enzymes.Recent studies have identified two other proteins that also regulate biotin synthesis and transport,namely BioQ and BioR.This review summarizes the different transcriptional repressors and their mechanism of action.Moreover,the ability to regulate the expression of target genes through the activity of a vitamin,such as biotin,may have biotechnological applications in synthetic biology. | J.Satiaputra K.E.Shearwin G.W.Booker S.W.Polyak | 2016 | Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology2016，1，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Innovations in Agriculture and Food Supply in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic显示文摘In human history,the long-term expansion of populations has been limited by the availability of food and constraints of disease(Diamond,1997).The domestication of plants and animals has facilitated the development of human societies,and the resulting larger human populations have increased the risk of major disease outbreaks(pandemics).The recent COVID-19 pandemic resulted from the emergence of a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).This has caused major disruption to economic activity with severe restrictions on international travel.The impact on agriculture and global food security will be complex(Torero,2020),and many of the consequences are yet to be identified and understood(Jámbor et al.,2020).Despite growing stocks of foods such as cereals(FAO,2020),it has been estimated that the number of people facing a food crisis will grow from 135 million to 265 million by the end of 2020(Anthem,2020;Figure 1).The pandemic has added to the food security challenges posed by climate change and major conflicts,both of which have been major factors contributing to recent food insecurity.Plant scientists need to determine how investment in innovation needs to change in response to the pandemic.Concerns about shortages of labor and food safety will intensify efforts to use automation at all stages in the food production system to ensure supply. | Robert Henry | 2020 | Molecular Plant2020，13，8： | 1 |
| 19 | Use of the magnetic compression technique in sleeve gastrectomy: a preliminary study显示文摘To the Editor:Obesity is becoming a worldwide health issue,and the prevalence of obesity continues to increase.[1,2]Body weight reduction is one of the effective measures to solve this problem;however,only a small number of obese patients succeed in controlling their body weight without intervention.Sleeve gastrectomy(SG)is widely performed in obese patients for its excellent surgical result and easy surgical procedures.Unfortunately,stomach leakage may cause severe consequences,such as infection and death,although the incidence rate of this complication is 2.4%. | Kang Liu Qiang Lu Gao-Bo Huang Jing-Wen Zhou Xin-Ying Wang Peng-Kang Chang Wei Zhang Jia-Wei Yu Yi Lyu Shan-Pei Wang | 2020 | Chinese Medical Journal2020，，22： | 1 |
| 20 | Introduction to special topic on exercise and oxidative stress显示文摘The discovery that endurance exercise is associated with oxidative stress was first reported in 1978.In the ensuing 4 decades,many studies confirmed this original observation.Recent investigations provided mechanistic insight into the sites of reactive oxygen species(ROS)production during exercise and the cellular consequences of an increase in ROS production.In this special topic of the Journal of Sport and Health Science,we feature 4 state-of-the-art reviews on key topics linking exercise and oxidative stress. | Zsolt Radak Scott K.Powers | 2020 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2020，9，5： | 1 |
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