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| 1 | Design of a new dynamical core for global atmospheric models based on some efficient numerical methods显示文摘A careful study on the integral properties of the primitive hydrostatic balance equations for baroclinic atmosphere is carried out, and a new scheme todesign the global adiabatic model of atmospheric dynamics ispresented. This scheme includes a method of weighted equal-areamesh and a fully discrete finite difference method with quadraticand linear conservations for solving the primitive equationsystem. Using this scheme, we established a new dynamical corewith adjustable high resolution acceptable to the availablecomputer capability, which can be very stable without anyfiltering and smoothing. Especially, some important integralproperties are kept unchanged, such as the anti-symmetries of thehorizontal advection operators and the vertical convectionoperator, the mass conservation, the effective energy conservationunder the standard stratification approximation, and so on. Somenumerical tests on the new dynamical core, respectively regardingits global conservations and its integrated performances inclimatic modeling, incorporated with the physical packagesfrom the Community Atmospheric Model Version 2 (CAM2) of NationalCenter for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), are included. | WANG Bin, WAN Hui, Jl Zhongzhen, ZHANG Xin, YU Rucong, YU Yongqiang & LIU HongtaoState Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China Department of Computational Mathematics, Academy of Mathematics and System Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China | 2004 | Science China Mathematics2004，47，z1： | 92 |
| 2 | Improvement of tree-like network constructal method for heat conduction optimization显示文摘The analysis of the “tree-like network” construct method has been repeated. The high effective conduction channel distribution has been optimized again, without the premise that the new order assembly construct must be assembled by the optimized last order construct. It is proved that the “tree-like network” construct method is faultiness. A more optimal construct is obtained, and when the thermal conductivity and the proportion of the two heat conduction materials are constant, the limit of the minimum heat resistance is derived. All these conclusions can be used to guide the engineering application. | WU Wenjun CHEN Lingen SUN Fengrui | 2006 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2006，49，3： | 25 |
| 3 | Comprehensive geochemical identification of highly evolved marine carbonate rocks as hydrocarbon-source rocks as exemplified by the Ordos Basin显示文摘This study reversed the developing environments of hydrocarbon-source rocks in the Ordos Basin and evaluated carbonate rocks as hydrocarbon-source rocks and their distributions on account of the fact that China’s marine carbonate rocks as hydrocarbon-source rocks are character- ized by intensive thermal evolution and relatively low abundance of organic matter, by taking the Lower Paleozoic of the Ordos Basin for example and in light of the calculated enrichment coefficients of trace elements, the REE distribution patterns, the mathematical statistics analysis of elements and carbon isotopes and their three-dimensional diagrammatization in combination with the necessary organic parameters. As for the Ordos Basin, TOC=0.2% is an important boundary value. Studies have shown that in the strata where TOC is greater than 0.2%, Ba is highly enriched with positive δ 13Ccarb shifts and δ 13Corg less than ?28‰, reflecting a thigh paleo-productivity, high burial amounts of organic matter, relatively good hydrocarbon-generating potentiality and intensive REE fractionation. All these indicated that the settlement rates are low and the geological conditions are good for the preservation of organic matter, hence favoring the development of hydrocarbon-source rocks. The Klimory and Wulalik formations show certain regularities in those aspects and, therefore, they can be regarded as the potential effective hydrocarbon-source rocks. In the strata where total TOC is less than 0.2%, the contents of Ba are low, δ 13Ccarb values are mostly negative, and δ 13Corg values range from ?24‰― ?28‰, demonstrating low burial amounts of organic matter, poor potentialities of hydrocarbon gen- eration, weak REE fractionation and rapid settlement rates. These facts showed that most of the hy- drocarbon-source rocks were formed in shallow-water, high-energy oxidizing environments, thus un- favoring the development of hydrocarbon-source rocks. It is feasible to make use of the geochemical method to comprehensively assess the highly evolved marine carbonates rocks as potential hydro- carbon-source rocks and their distributions. | Tenger | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，4： | 20 |
| 4 | Computational uncertainty principle in nonlinear ordinary differential equations (I)——Numerical results显示文摘In a majority of cases of long-time numerical integration for initial-value problems, roundoff error has received little attention. Using twenty-nine numerical methods, the influence of round-off error on numerical solutions is generally studied through a large number of numerical experiments. Here we find that there exists a strong dependence on machine precision (which is a new kind of dependence different from the sensitive dependence on initial conditions), maximally effective computation time (MECT) and optimal stepsize (OS) in solving nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in finite machine precision. And an optimal searching method for evaluating MECT and OS under finite machine precision is presented. The relationships between MECT, OS, the order of numerical method and machine precision are found. Numerical results show that round-off error plays a significant role in the above phenomena. Moreover, we find two universal relations which are independent of the types of ODEs, initial | 李建平 曾庆存 丑纪范 | 2000 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2000，43，5： | 18 |
| 5 | The concept of effective emissivity of nonisothermal mixed pixel and its test显示文摘Based on two preconditions, the local thermal equilibrium is satisfied and emissivities donot change with temperature, the concept of component effective emissivity of nonisothermal mixed pixel has been put forward and then the radiant directionality model of nonisothermal mixed pixel constructed from it. Our study shows that the component effective emissivity is associated with geometric structure, optical properties of target, and viewing angle, but does not depend on the component temepratures. The component temperatures can only change the ratio of component radiance to the total radiance of the mixed-pixel. The total effective emissivity of this pixel is the complement of its directional-hemisphere reflectance. After the simulation of component effective emissivity of the discrete cones and continuous vegetation canopy (winter wheat) by the Monte Carlo method, our model of radiant directionality of nonisothermal mixed pixel have been proved by lab and field measurements. | CHEN Liangfu ZHUANG Jiali XU Xiru NIU Zheng ZHANG Renhua XIANG Yueqing | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，9： | 17 |
| 6 | The definition of effective emissivity of land surface at the scale of remote sensing pixels显示文摘Remote sensing (RS) of land surface temperature (LST) is a very challenging problem at the present development stage of RS science. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to atmosphere correction and temperature emissivity separation (TES) of new LST product algorithms. However, the mechanism of directionality of thermal emission from land surface remains unknown, and even worse, there are confusions on the definition of the effective emissivity of land surface at the scale of RS pixels. The mechanism of directionality of thermal emission | LI Xiaowen and WANG Jindi Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, Beijing Normal Unirersity, Keying 100875, China Center for Remote Sensing, Boston Univ. , MA02215, USA | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，23： | 14 |
| 7 | Calculation of band structure in (101)-biaxially strained Si显示文摘The structure model used for calculation was defined according to Vegard's rule and Hooke's law. Calculations were performed on the electronic structures of(101)-biaxially strained Si on relaxed Si1-X GeX alloy with Ge fraction ranging from X = 0 to 0.4 in steps of 0.1 by CASTEP approach. It was found that [±100] and [00±1] valleys(-4) splitting from the [0±10] valley(-2) constitute the conduction b0and(CB) edge,that valence band(VB) edge degeneracy is partially lifted and that the electron mass is un-altered under strain while the hole mass decreases in the [100] and [010] directions. In addition,the fitted dependences of CB splitting energy,VB splitting energy and indirect bandgap on X are all linear. | SONG JianJun ZHANG HeMing HU HuiYong FU Qiang | 2009 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2009，52，4： | 12 |
| 8 | Transmission patterns of COVID-19 in the mainland of China and the efficacy of different control strategies: a data-and model-driven study显示文摘Background:The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak has seriously endangered the health and lives of Chinese people.In this study,we predicted the COVID-19 epidemic trend and estimated the efficacy of several intervention strategies in the mainland of China.Methods:According to the COVID-19 epidemic status,we constructed a compartmental model.Based on reported data from the National Health Commission of People's Republic of China during January 10-February 17,2020,we estimated the model parameters.We then predicted the epidemic trend and transmission risk of COVID-19.Using a sensitivity analysis method,we estimated the efficacy of several intervention strategies.Results:The cumulative number of confirmed cases in the mainland of China will be 86763(95%CI:86067-87460)on May 2,2020.Up until March 15,2020,the case fatality rate increased to 6.42%(95%CI:6.16-6.68%).On February 23,2020,the existing confirmed cases reached its peak,with 60890 cases(95%CI:60350-61431).On January 23,2020,the effective reproduction number was 2.620(95%CI:2.567-2.676)and had dropped below 1.0 since February 5,2020.Due to governmental intervention,the total number of confirmed cases was reduced by 99.85%on May 2,2020.Had the isolation been relaxed from February 24,2020,there might have been a second peak of infection.However,relaxing the isolation after March 16,2020 greatly reduced the number of existing confirmed cases and deaths.The total number of confirmed cases and deaths would increase by 8.72 and 9.44%,respectively,due to a 1-day delayed diagnosis in non-isolated infected patients.Moreover,if the coverage of close contact tracing was increased to 100%,the cumulative number of confirmed cases would be decreased by 88.26%on May 2,2020.Conclusions:The quarantine measures adopted by the Chinese government since January 23,2020 were necessary and effective.Postponing the relaxation of isolation,early diagnosis,patient isolation,broad close-contact tracing,and strict monitoring of infected persons could effectively control the COVID-19 epidemic.April 1,2020 would be a reasonable date to lift quarantine in Hubei and Wuhan. | Jian Zu Miao-Lei Li Zong-Fang Li Ming-Wang Shen Yan-Ni Xiao Fan-Pu Ji | 2020 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2020，9，4： | 11 |
| 9 | Effective suppression of stimulated Raman scattering in half 10 kW tandem pumping fiber lasers using chirped and tilted fiber Bragg gratings显示文摘The average power of fiber lasers has been scaled deeply into the kW regime in the past years. However, stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) is still a major factor limiting further power scaling. Here, we have demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the suppression of SRS in a half 10 kW tandem pumping fiber amplifier using chirped and tilted fiber Bragg gratings(CTFBGs). With specially self-designed and manufactured CTFBGs inserted between the seed laser and the amplifier stage, a maximum SRS suppression ratio of >15 dB in spectrum is observed with no reduction in laser efficiency. With one CTFBG, the effective output power is improved to3.9 kW with a beam quality M2 factor of ~1.7 from <3.5 k W with an M2 factor of >2; with two CTFBGs, the effective laser power reaches 4.2 kW with an increasing ratio of 20% and an M2 factor of ~1.8, and further power improvement is limited by the power and performance of the 1018 nm pump sources. This work provides an effective SRS suppression method for high-power all-fiber lasers, which is useful for further power scaling of these systems. | MENG WANG ZEFENG WANG LE LIU QIHAO HU HU XIAO XIAOJUN XU | 2019 | Photonics Research2019，7，2： | 11 |
| 10 | 颗粒团聚对Al基SiC颗粒增强复合材料的流变形为影响(英文)显示文摘基于微观组织的有限元分析模型,研究颗粒团聚对Al基SiC颗粒增强金属基复合材料流变行为的影响。通过建立的3种增强颗粒分布的胞元模型(一个团聚现象、两个团聚现象和随机分布),分析讨论基体和增强颗粒中的等效应力和等效应变的分布规律,以此为基础,获得3种颗粒分布模型下的SiC颗粒增强Al基复合材料的应力应变曲线。结果表明:颗粒增强金属基复合材料的流变行为和力学响应与增强颗粒的分布非常敏感,但在弹性变形阶段这种影响就相对较弱。从增强颗粒的最大主应力分布来看,颗粒团聚增加了SiC颗粒开裂的概率。从基体的静水应力分布来看,颗粒团聚将促进早期的界面脱粘和在韧性基体中形成微空洞。 | 张鹏 李付国 | 2010 | 稀有金属材料与工程2010，39，9： | 10 |
| 11 | 有效亮度温度理论显示文摘经典亮度温度和有效波长理论忽略了环境辐射的影响,且实际测温理论偏离了亮度温度的定义.考虑了环境辐射影响,提出新的有效亮度温度概念,使有效亮度温度适用于存在环境辐射的任意温度测量;进一步提出了基于带通辐射温度计测量的积分有效亮度温度和等效波长理论,使辐射温度计的'主观'测量结果与物体的客观辐射特性相联系,避免了实际测量理论偏离被测量定义.
Abstract:
The theories of classical radiance temperature (RT) and effective wavelength for pyrometry neglect the influence of ambient radiation,, and the actual measurement theories deviate from the strict definition of RT. Considering the effect of the ambient radiation, the new concept of the effective radiance temperature (ERT) which is suitable for a measurement at an arbitrary temperature is proposed. Based on the band-pass radiation thermometer, the theories of integral effective radiance temperature and equivalent wavelength are developed further, in which the deviations from the definition of ERT are avoided. | 原遵东 Zun-dong | 2009 | 计量学报2009，，6： | 9 |
| 12 | Derivation of the work expression and discussion on the effective principle and the phase separation theorem in unsaturated soil显示文摘Based on the balance equations for mass, linear momentum, energy in porous media theory and some hypotheses in unsaturated soil mechanics, an expression of the total deformation work W is derived, and with the help of the specific ex-pression of the work, the effective stress conjugated with the displacement of the soil skeleton is suggested by the authors, which has the similar form as the expressions proposed by Wheeler (2003) and some other researchers according to their experience and intuition, but the effective stress presented in this paper is derived on the basis of porous media theory and its assumptions, whose premise and hypothesis are clear. It is also pointed out that due to the complexity of the physical mechanism and various influencing factors, it is impossible in unsatu-rated soil mechanics to determine the deformation of solid skeleton by the effective stress only, like in the saturated soil mechanics. Besides, by using the expression of the deformation work and the free energy Aα for each phase, the applicability of the Phase Separation Principle proposed by Passman (1984) in unsaturated soil is discussed, and it is considered that the principle should not strictly apply to un-saturated soil mechanics. | ZHAO ChengGang ZHANG XueDong | 2008 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2008，51，9： | 9 |
| 13 | Valence band structure of strained Si/(111)Si_(1-x)Ge_x显示文摘The strained Si techique has been widely adopted in the high-speed and high-performance devices and circuits. Based on the valence band E-k relations of strained Si/(111)Si1-xGex, the valence band and hole effective mass along the [111] and [-110] directions were obtained in this work. In comparison with the relaxed Si, the valence band edge degeneracy was partially lifted, and the significant change was observed band structures along the [111] and [-110] directions, as well as in its corresponding hole effective masses with the increasing Ge fraction. The results obtained can provide valuable references to the investigation concerning the Si-based strained devices enhancement and the conduction channel design related to stress and orientation. | SONG JianJun, ZHANG HeMing, HU HuiYong, DAI XianYing & XUAN RongXi Key Laboratory of Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China | 2010 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2010，53，3： | 9 |
| 14 | Modeling of multi-inclusion composites with interfacial imperfections:Micromechanical and numerical simulations显示文摘A micromechanical approach based on a two-layer built-in model and a numerical simulation based on boundary element method are proposed to predict the effective properties of the multi-inclusion composite with imperfect interfaces.The spring model is introduced to simulate the interface imperfection.These two methods are compared with each other,and good agreement is achieved.The effects of interface spring stiffness,volume ratio and stiffness of inclusions on the micro-and macro-mechanical behaviors of fiber-reinforced composites are investigated.It is shown that the developed micromechanical method is very comprehensive and efficient for fast prediction of effective properties of composites,while the numerical method is very accurate in detailed modeling of the mechanical behavior of composites with multiple inclusions. | CHEN WeiQiu 1,ZHU XingYi 2 &HUANG ZhiYi 2 1 Department of Engineering Mechanics,Yuquan Campus,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China 2 Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering,Ministry of Education Department of Civil Engineering,Zijingang Campus,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，3： | 8 |
| 15 | Survival and prognostic factors of non-small cell lung cancer patients with postoperative locoregional recurrence treated with radical radiotherapy显示文摘Background: Locoregional recurrence remains the challenge for long-term survival of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients after radical surgery, and curative-intent radiotherapy could be a treatment choice. This study aimed to assess the survival and prognostic factors of patients with postoperative locoregionally recurrent NSCLC treated with radical radiotherapy.Methods: We reviewed medical records of 74 NSCLC patients with postoperative locoregional recurrence who received radical radiotherapy between April 2012 and February 2016 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center(Guangzhou, China). The efficacy and safety of radical radiotherapy were analyzed. The probability of survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify prognostic factors.Results: Grade 3/4 adverse events included neutropenia(8 cases, 10.8%), esophagitis(7 cases, 9.5%), pneumonitis(1 case, 1.4%), and vomiting(1 case, 1.4%).The 2-year overall survival, progression-free survival, local recurrencefree survival(LRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival(DMFS) rates of all patients were 84.2,42.5,70.0, and 50.9%,respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that a higher biological effective dose(BED) of radiation was associated with longer LRFS [hazard ratios(HR)=0.317,95% confidence interval(CI) = 0.112-0.899, P = 0.016] and that wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) was associated with longer DMFS compared with EGFR mutation(HR = 0.383,95% CI=0.171-0.855, P = 0.019).Conclusions: Radical radiotherapy is effective and well-tolerated in NSCLC patients with postoperative locoregional recurrence. High BED is a predictor for long LRFS, and the presence of wild-type EGFR is a predictor for long DMFS. | Li Ma Bo Qiu Jun Zhang Qi-Wen Li Bin Wang Xu-Hui Zhang Meng-Yun Qiang Zhao-Lin Chen Su-Ping Guo Hui Liu | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2017，36，11： | 8 |
| 16 | Numerical simulation of enhancing coalbed methane recovery by injecting CO_2 with heat injection显示文摘The technology used to enhance coalbed methane(CBM) recovery by injecting CO_2(CO_2-ECBM) with heat, combining heat injection with CO_2 injection, is still in its infancy; therefore, theoretical studies of this CO_2-ECBM technology should be perused. First, the coupling equations of the di usion–adsorption–seepage–heat transfer fields of gas are established. The displacement processes under di erent pressures and temperatures are simulated by COMSOL. Finally, the displacement effects, a comparison of the CO_2 storage capacity with the CH_4 output and the e ective influencing radius of CO_2 injection are analyzed and discussed. The results show that(1) the displacement pressure and temperature are two key factors influencing the CH_4 output and the CO_2 storage capacity, and the increase in the CO_2 storage capacity is more sensitive to temperature and pressure than the CH_4 output.(2) The gas flow direction is from the injection hole to the discharge hole during the displacement process, and the regions with high velocity are concentrated at the injection hole and the discharge hole.(3) A reduction in the CH_4 concentration and an increase in the CO_2 concentration are obvious during the displacement process.(4) The e ective influencing radius of injecting CO_2 with heat increases with the increase in time and pressure. The relationship between the e ective influencing radius and the injection time of CO_2 has a power exponential function, and there is a linear relationship between the functional coe cient and the injection pressure of CO_2. This numerical simulation study on enhancing CBM recovery by injecting CO_2 with heat can further promote the implementation of CO_2-ECBM project in deep coal seams. | Hui-Huang Fang Shu-Xun Sang Shi-Qi Liu | 2019 | Petroleum Science2019，16，1： | 8 |
| 17 | Investigation on the three-dimensional multiphase conjugate conduction problem inside porous wick with the lattice Boltzmann method显示文摘A lattice Boltzmann model is developed for investigating the heat conduction process inside the three-dimensional random porous media. Combined with the algorithm for the reconstruction of the three-dimensional porous media, this model is used to investigate the transient heat conduction process inside the porous wick of CPLs/LHPs, which is vital for analyzing the startup stability of a CPL/LHP. The temperature distribution inside the porous wick is obtained and the influence of the porosity and the heat load on the conduction process also is investigated using the present model. The present model is applicable to predicting the effective conductivity of such a complex structure. | Kai Zhao Qiang Li YiMin Xuan | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，10： | 8 |
| 18 | Multiplier ideal sheaves in complex and algebraic geometry显示文摘The application of the method of multiplier ideal sheaves to effective problems in algebraic geometry is briefly discussed. Then its application to the deformational invariance of plurigenera for general compact algebraic manifolds is presented and discussed.Finally its application to the conjecture of the finite generation of the canonical ring is explored, and the use of complex algebraic geometry in complex Neumann estimates is discussed. | Yum-Tong Siu | 2005 | Science China Mathematics2005，48，z1： | 7 |
| 19 | 多排螺旋CT对肺栓塞患者的诊断价值显示文摘目的 探讨多排螺旋CT对肺动脉栓塞(PE) 的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析35例肺栓塞CT肺动脉血管成像患者的临床资料.结果 肺栓塞的多排螺旋CT增强表现:直接征象为充盈缺损,完全阻塞型39支,中心型25支,偏心型20支,附壁型8支;间接征象为与肺叶或段分布一致的栓塞处肺窗示肺纹理稀疏17例,胸膜下梗死灶19个,胸腔积液9例,肺动脉高压5例.结论 多排螺旋CT肺动脉造影是一种安全、有效、无创的检查方法 ,对肺动脉栓塞有较高的临床价值. | 郑惠延 马艳丽 | 2010 | 中国实用医刊2010，37，10： | 7 |
| 20 | Thermal-rheological structure of the lithosphere beneath Jiyang Depression:Its implications for geodynamics显示文摘Jiyang Depression, located in the southeast Bohai Bay Basin, has the geomorpho-logic framework of multiple uplifts intervening with sags. Combined the abundant geo-temperature data and thermo-physical parameters of rock samples derived from oil and gas exploration during the past years, with geothermal approaches, here we investigate the litho-spheric thermal regime of this depression. Consequently, based on the obtained thermal struc-ture of the lithosphere, along with rheological modeling, the lithospheric rheological profiles of Jiyang Depression are then determined. Our results show that the temperature at the bottom of sedimentary cover within depression varies from 129℃ to 298 ℃ , accompanied with the base-ment heat flow ranging between 54.3 and 60.5 mW/m2; and 406℃-436℃ for temperature at the bottom of the upper crust, along with heat flow varying from 47.7 to 52.6 mW/m2; while the tem-perature at the bottom of the middle crust is between 537 ℃ and 572 ℃, as well as heat flow ranging from 41.3 to 56.3 mW/m2. The temperature at Moho ranges from 669 ℃ to 721 ℃, the heat flow derived from mantle is between 38.1 and 43.1 mW/m2, and calculated thickness of the thermal lithosphere beneath depression varies from 71 to 90 km. Lithospheric thermal regime is a close correlation with such factors as crustal thickness and surface heat flow, etc. Usually, the larger the surface heat flow, the larger the deep temperature and heat flow within lithosphere, and the thinner the thermal lithospheric thickness. This high thermal regime of the lithosphere in Jiyang Depression is thought to be related to Cenozoic back-arc spreading during the western Pacific plate subduction into Eurasian continent. Lithospheric rheological modeling shows that the lithosphere in Jiyang Depression is characterized by its distinct rheological stratification as follows: The upper and most part of the middle crust are of brittle, while the lower crust and the lower part of middle crust are all ductile, and lithospheric mantle is dominated by the ductile layer. Additionally, lateral rheological heterogeneities exist in the depression, and the lithospheric strength of sags within depression differs much from each other. The total lithospheric strength of Jiyang Depression is between 1.52 and 2.16×1012 N/m, effective elastic thickness (Te) of the lithosphere in Jiyang Depression is about 24 km, approximating to the thickness of mechanically strong crust (MSC). We suggested that the dehydration of minerals in the subducting zone, along with upwelling of hot materials in the mantle wedge during subduction and back-arc spreading, results in the partial melting at the bottom of curst, which triggers magma intrusion and under-plating. This geodynamics process maybe is the reason for the reduction of lower crustal viscos-ity for ductile flow. Lithospheric rheological stratification controlling the differential deformation styles of brittle fracture or frictional slide in the upper crust and ductile flow in the middle and lower crust, accounts for the basin formation and evolution of Jiyang Depression during Ceno-zoic. | LIU Shaowen1,2, WANG Liangshu2, GONG Yuling2, LI Cheng2, LI Hua2 & HAN Yongbing2 1. Department of Urban and Resources, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China 2. Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，10： | 7 |
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