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| 1 | Diabetic cardiomyopathy:Pathophysiology,diagnostic evaluation and management显示文摘Diabetes affects every organ in the body and cardiovascular disease accounts for two-thirds of the mortality in the diabetic population.Diabetes-related heart disease occurs in the form of coronary artery disease(CAD),cardiac autonomic neuropathy or diabetic cardiomyopathy(DbCM).The prevalence of cardiac failure is high in the diabetic population and DbCM is a common but underestimated cause of heart failure in diabetes.The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is yet to be clearly defined.Hyperglycemia,dyslipidemia and inflammation are thought to play key roles in the generation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species which are in turn implicated.The myocardial interstitium undergoes alterations resulting in abnormal contractile function noted in DbCM.In the early stages of the disease diastolic dysfunction is the only abnormality,but systolic dysfunction supervenes in the later stages with impaired left ventricular ejection fraction.Transmitral Doppler echocardiography is usually used to assess diastolic dysfunction,but tissue Doppler Imaging and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging are being increasingly used recently for early detection of DbCM.The management of DbCM involves improvement in lifestyle,control of glucose and lipid abnormalities,and treatment of hypertension and CAD,if present.The role of vasoactive drugs and antioxidants is being explored.This review discusses the pathophysiology,diagnostic evaluation and management options of DbCM. | Joseph M Pappachan George I Varughese Rajagopalan Sriraman Ganesan Arunagirinathan | 2013 | World Journal of Diabetes2013，4，5： | 57 |
| 2 | 在心血管的疾病的先进 glycation 结束产品的角色显示文摘 Advanced glycation end products(AGEs) are produced through the non enzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins,lipids and nucleic acids.Enhanced formation of AGEs occurs particularly in conditions associated with hyperglycaemia such as diabetes mellitus(DM).AGEs are believed to have a key role in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease in patients with DM through the modif ication of the structure,function and mechanical properties of tissues through crosslinking intracellular as well as extracellular matrix proteins and through modulating cellular processes through binding to cell surface receptors [receptor for AGEs(RAGE)].A number of studies have shown a correlation between serum AGE levels and the development and severity of heart failure(HF).Moreover,some studies have suggested that therapies targeted against AGEs may have therapeutic potential in patients with HF.The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of AGEs in cardiovascular disease and in particular in heart failure,focussing on both cellular mechanisms of action as well as highlighting how targeting AGEs may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of HF. | Zeinab Hegab Stephen Gibbons Ludwig Neyses Mamas A Mamas | 2012 | World Journal of Cardiology2012，4，4： | 58 |
| 3 | Effects of rh BNP after PCI on non-invasive hemodynamic in acute myocardial infarction patients with left heart failure显示文摘Objective: To investigate the effects of exogenous recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide(rh BNP) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) on non-invasive hemodynamic in acute myocardial infarction patients with left ventricular failure. Methods: A number of 96 acute myocardial infarction patients accompanied with heart failure after PCI hospitalized in the People's Hospital of Sanya during February 2012 to October 2015 were selected. They were randomly divided into the therapy group(n = 50) and control group(n = 46). On the basis of routine treatment, patients in the therapy group were treated with intravenous rh BNP(1.5 μg/kg was intravenous injection with uniform speed of 3 min, followed by continuous infusion 0.007 5 μg/kg·min for 72 h), while the control group received conventional treatment. Bio Z-2011 non-invasive hemodynamic real-time monitoring system was used to monitor the hemodynamic parameters changes and the leves of plasma pro-BNP, serum creatinine, serum potassium, serum sodium and urine volume of each group before and after treating for 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h. Results: Patients in the therapy group showed no effect on heart rate, while after 30 min of intravenous injection of rh BNP, CO, CI, SV, and SI increased significantly and LVET and TFC reduced at the same time, which had certain effect on blood pressure(SBP/DBP). Compared with the control group, the therapy group showed a faster and more effective improvement on haemodynamics. Conclusions: Acute myocardial infarction patients complicated with left heart failure after primary PCI can significantly improve hemodynamics by treating with rh BNP. | Xi-Min He Lin Chen Jiang-Bin Luo Xu-Xia Feng Yun-Bo Zhang Qi-Jing Chen Xiao-Li Ji Tian-Song Wang | 2016 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2016，9，8： | 52 |
| 4 | Red blood cell distribution width in heart failure: A narrative review显示文摘The red blood cell distribution width(RDW) is a simple, rapid, inexpensive and straightforward hematological parameter, reflecting the degree of anisocytosis in vivo. The currently available scientific evidence suggests that RDW assessment not only predicts the risk of adverse outcomes(cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, hospitalization for acute decompensation or worsened left ventricular function) in patients with acute and chronic heart failure(HF), but is also a significant and independent predictor of developing HF in patients free of this condition. Regarding the biological interplay between impaired hematopoiesis and cardiac dysfunction, many of the different conditions associated with increased heterogeneity of erythrocyte volume(i.e., ageing, inflammation, oxidative stress, nutritional deficiencies and impaired renal function), may be concomitantly present in patients with HF, whilst anisocytosis may also directly contribute to the development and worsening of HF. In conclusion, the longitudinal assessment of RDW changes over time may be considered an efficient measure to help predicting the risk of both development and progression of HF. | Giuseppe Lippi Gianni Turcato Gianfranco Cervellin Fabian Sanchis-Gomar | 2018 | World Journal of Cardiology2018，10，2： | 37 |
| 5 | Vascular endothelial dysfunction, cardiomyopathy a major mediator in diabetic cardiomyopathy显示文摘Diabetes mellitus is currently a major public health problem.A common complication of diabetes is cardiac dysfunction,which is recognized as a microvascular disease that leads to morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients.While ischemic events are commonly observed in diabetic patients,the risk for developing heart failure is also increased,independent of the severity of coronary artery disease and hypertension.This diabetes-associated clinical entity is considered a distinct disease process referred to as 'diabetic cardiomyopathy'.However,it is not clear how diabetes promotes cardiac dysfunction.Vascular endothelial dysfunction is thought to be one of the key risk factors.The impact of diabetes on the endothelium involves several alterations,including hyperglycemia,fatty acid oxidation,reduced nitric oxide (NO),oxidative stress,inflammatory activation,and altered barrier function. The current review provides an update on mechanisms that specifically target endothelial dysfunction,which may lead to diabetic cardiomyopathy. | Maura Knapp Xin Tu Rongxue Wu | 2019 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2019，40，1： | 34 |
| 6 | 心肌纤维化——心力衰竭治疗的新靶标显示文摘 | 张运 徐瑞 | 2006 | 中华医学杂志2006，86，17： | 27 |
| 7 | 难治性心力衰竭的内科治疗进展显示文摘难治性心力衰竭( refractory heart failure , RHF)是终末期心血管病常见的并发症,由于病理生理机制复杂,单一药物治疗难度极大。目前,通过传统药物的联合治疗,米力农、重组人脑利钠肽( recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide , rh-BNP)和左西孟旦等新型药物的临床运用,血液净化、主动脉球囊反搏、心室辅助装置和体外模肺氧合等脏器支持的实施,RHF救治成功率得到提高。本文就近年来RHF内科治疗进展进行综述。 | 陈怿(综述) 童华生 江东新 苏磊(审校) | 2014 | 中国急救医学2014，34，8： | 26 |
| 8 | Alcoholic cardiomyopathy显示文摘Alcohol is the most frequently consumed toxic substance in the world. Low to moderate daily intake of alcohol has been shown to have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. In contrast, exposure to high levels of alcohol for a long period could lead to progressive cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Cardiac dysfunction associated with chronic and excessive alcohol intake is a specific cardiac disease known as alcoholic cardiomyopathy(ACM). In spite of its clinical importance, data on ACM and how alcohol damages the heart are limited. In this review, we evaluate available evidence linking excessive alcohol consumption with heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy. Additionally, we discuss the clinical presentation, prognosis and treatment of ACM. | Gonzalo Guzzo-Merello Marta Cobo-Marcos Maria Gallego-Delgado Pablo Garcia-Pavia | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，8： | 19 |
| 9 | Repeated measurement of growth-differentiation factor-15in Chinese Han patients with post-myocardial infarction chronic heart failure显示文摘Background Growth-differentiation factor-15(GDF-15)is a promising prognostic biomarker in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).Comparatively little is known about the value of repeated measurement of GDF-15with CI-IF in Chinese Han population.This study sought to identify the clinical value of repeated measurement of GDF-15in Chinese Han patients with post-myocardial infarction CHF. Methods In total,232consecutive Chinese Hart patients with post-myocardial infarction CHF were enrolled prospectively from January 2014to June 2016.The plasma concentration of GDF-15was determined on admission and over 12months.Patients were followed up for all-cause death and a composite outcome of major adverse cardiac events (MACE)included all-cause death,myocardial infarction and first heart failure (HF)re-hospitalization.Association with other clinical variables and adverse outcomes of repeated measurement of GDF-15 was explored.Results The median baseline GDF-15level was 2025ng/L.Baseline GDF-15was moderately associated with baseline N-terminal pro-B type nalriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)(coefficient 0.561,P <0.001).During a median follow-up of 20months,there were 53deaths and 100MACE.GDF-I5remained an independent predictor of all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio 1.826per 1Ln U,95%CI: 1.037-8.360;P =0.037)and MACE (adjusted hazard ratio 2.243per I Ln U,95%CI:1.181-1.775;P <0.001)adjusted for established risk factors.Repeated measurement of GDF-15was performed in 173survivals over 12months.Increase of GDF-15over 12months was associ- ated with dilatation of left ventricle and acted as an independent predictor of subsequent all-canse death (adjusted HR =3.164,95%CI: 1.245~.041;P =0.015).In the joint model,GDF-15was also shown to be a risk factor for all-cause death (HR =2.749,95%CI: 1.667-3.831;P <0.001)and MACE (FIR =2.434,95%CI:1.425-3.443;P <0.001).Conclusions Repeated measurements of GDF-15 have promising prognostic value of the risk of all-cause death in Chinese Han patients with CI-IF post-myocardial infarction.GDF-15may influence the post-myocardial infarction CI-IF through the path physiological pathway of myocardial remodeling. | Ji-Xuan LIU Yan-Ping LI Bo-Han LIU Xiao-Jing ZHAO Ze-Yu ZHANG Jin-Da WANG Qian JIA Chun-Lei LIU Xiao-Jian GAO Zhen-Guo XU Hua-Wei ZHANG Lin-Nan SONG Zhi-Jun SUN Kun-Lun HE | 2018 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2018，15，10： | 19 |
| 10 | 黄芪注射液对慢性心力衰竭患者血浆凋亡相关因子的影响显示文摘目的探讨黄芪注射液对慢性心力衰竭(chronicheartfailure,CHF)患者血浆凋亡相关因子可溶性Fas(solubleFas,sFas)、可溶性Fas配体(solubleFasL ,sFasL)及肿瘤坏死因子α(tumornecrosisfactoralpha,TNF -α)的影响。方法将84例NYHA心功能分级属Ⅱ~Ⅳ级的CHF患者随机分为黄芪治疗组(治疗组,42例)和常规治疗组(对照组,42例) ,两组于治疗前后分别测定血浆sFas、sFasL、TNF- α水平,同时评估NYHA心功能分级,测定左室功能指标。结果治疗后两组NYHA心功能分级均较治疗前改善(P <0 . 0 5或P <0 . 0 1) ,且治疗组优于对照组(P <0. 0 5) ;治疗组左室收缩末期容积(leftventricularend systolicvolume ,LVESV)、左室舒张末期容积(leftventricularend diastolicvolume,LVEDV)减小,左室射血分数(leftventricularejectionfraction ,LVEF)提高,与治疗前比较差异有显著性(P <0 . 0 5) ;治疗组血浆sFas、sFasL、TNF -α水平明显下降,与本组治疗前及对照组治疗后比较差异有显著性(P <0. 0 5或P <0. 0 1) ,对照组除TNF -α与治疗前比较差异有显著性(P <0 .0 5)外,余均无明显变化。结论黄芪注射液能够降低CHF患者血浆凋亡相关因子水平,可作为治疗CHF有效药物之一。 | 张金国 杨娜 何华 魏广和 高东升 王学忠 宋光耀 | 2005 | 中国中西医结合杂志2005，25，5： | 18 |
| 11 | Current understanding of gut microbiota alterations and related therapeutic intervention strategies in heart failure显示文摘Objective:The purpose of this review is to stress the complicated interactions between the microbiota and the development of heart failure.Moreover,the feasibility of modulating intestinal microbes and metabolites as novel therapeutic strategies is discussed.Data sources:This study was based on data obtained from PubMed up to March 31,2019.Articles were selected using the following search terms:“gut microbiota,”“heart failure,”“trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO),”“short-chain fatty acid (SCFA),”“bile acid,”“uremic toxin,treatment,diet,probiotic,prebiotic,antibiotic,” and “fecal microbiota transplantation.”Results:Accumulated evidence has revealed that the composition of the gut microbiota varies obviously in people with heart failure compared to those with healthy status.Altered gut microbial communities contribute to heart failure through bacterial translocation or affecting multiple metabolic pathways,including the trimethylamine/TMAO,SCFA,bile acid,and uremic toxin pathways.Meanwhile,modulation of the gut microbiota through diet,pre/probiotics,fecal transplantation,and microbial enzyme inhibitors has become a potential therapeutic approach for many metabolic disorders.Specifically,a few studies have focused on the cardioprotective effects of probiotics on heart failure.Conclusions:The composition of the gut microbiota in people with heart failure is different from those with healthy status.A reduction in SCFA-producing bacteria in patients with heart failure might be a notable characteristic for patients with heart failure.Moreover,an increase in the microbial potential to produce TMAO and lipopolysaccharides is prominent.More researches focused on the mechanisms of microbial metabolites and the clinical application of multiple therapeutic interventions is necessarily required. | Xi Chen Han-Yu Li Xiao-Min Hu Yan Zhang Shu-Yang Zhang | 2019 | Chinese Medical Journal2019，，15： | 15 |
| 12 | Western medication plus Traditional Chinese Medicine preparations in patients with chronic heart failure:a prospective,single-blind,randomized,controlled,and multicenter clinical trial显示文摘OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF) of Western medication plus Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) preparations.METHODS: This prospective, single-blind, randomized, controlled, and multicenter clinical trial began on September 17, 2008, and was completed on June 25, 2011. A total of 340 inpatients, aged 40-79 years, with exacerbating CHF from 10 hospitals were enrolled and randomly allocated within 24 h of admission. The trial included three intervention periods. During hospitalization, the control group received western medication for CHF and the treatment group received Danhong injection with Shenfu injection or Shenmai injection. After discharge,all patients were treated with Qiliqiangxin capsules and Buyiqiangxin tablets or a placebo for 6 months. After the 6-month intervention, both groups received only continuous western medication. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality.The efficacy assessments were as follows: B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP), Lee's HF score, the 6-minute walking test(6 MWT), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire(MLHFQ). The safety assessments were as follows: blood and urine routine examination, hepatic and renal function, electrolytes in blood and adverse events.RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the treatment group showed a 30.99% reduction in all-cause mortality and an improved survival rate.The treatment group showed greater improvement in 6 MWT(P = 0.02) than the control group on discharge, after 12-month follow-up, there was a time-group interaction for MLHFQ(P = 0.03). Incidence rate of adverse events and other relevant safety indexes were not statistically significant between the two groups.CONCLUSION: Western medication plus TCM treatment can increase 6-minute walking distance(improve exercise tolerance) and quality of life with heart failure patients. | Wang Xianliang Hou Yazhu Mao Jingyuan Zhao Yingqiang Niu Tianfu Yuan Ruyu Wang Yonggang Cui Jin-rong Shi Le Jia Xiuli Fan Ruihong Lin Qian Zhang Yan Li Zhijun Shang Hongcai Wang Baohe Wang Hongwu Wang Henghe Cui Xiaolei Soh Shanbin Ruan Jishou Zhang Boli | 2017 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2017，37，6： | 15 |
| 13 | Hyponatremia in patients with heart failure显示文摘The present review analyses the mechanisms relating heart failure and hyponatremia,describes the association of hyponatremia with the progress of disease and morbidity/mortality in heart failure patients and presents treatment options focusing on the role of arginine vasopressin(AVP)-receptor antagonists.Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in the clinical setting and in hospitalized patients.Patients with hyponatremia may have neurologic symptoms since low sodium concentration produces brain edema,but the rapid correction of hyponatremia is also associated with major neurologic complications.Patients with heart failure often develop hyponatremia owing to the activation of many neurohormonal systems leading to decrease of sodium levels.A large number of clinical studies have associated hyponatremia with increased morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized for heart failure or outpatients with chronic heart failure.Treatment options for hyponatremia in heart failure,such as water restriction or the use of hypertonic saline with loop diuretics,have limited efficacy.AVP-receptor antagonists increase sodium levels effectively and their use seems promising in patients with hyponatremia.However,the effects of AVP-receptor antagonists on hard outcomes in patients with heart failure and hyponatremia have not been thoroughly examined. | Theodosios D Filippatos Moses S Elisaf | 2013 | World Journal of Cardiology2013，5，9： | 13 |
| 14 | Mechanisms underlying the impaired contractility of diabetic cardiomyopathy显示文摘Cardiac dysfunction is a well-known consequence of diabetes,with sustained hyperglycaemia leading to the development of a cardiomyopathy that is independent of cardiovascular disease or hypertension.Animal models of diabetes are commonly used to study the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy,with the hope that increased knowledge will lead ultimately to better therapeutic strategies being developed.At physiological temperature,left ventricular trabeculae isolated from the streptozotocin rat model of type 1 diabetes showed decreased stress and prolonged relaxation,but with no evidence that decreased contractility was a result of altered myocardial Ca2+handling.Although sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR)Ca2+reuptake appeared slower in diabetic trabeculae,it was offset by an increase in actionpotential duration,thereby maintaining SR Ca2+content and favouring increased contraction force.Frequency analysis of t-tubule distribution by confocal imaging of ventricular tissue labeled with wheat germ agglutinin or ryanodine receptor antibodies showed a reduced T-power for diabetic tissue,but the differences were minor in comparison to other models of heart failure.The contractile dysfunction appeared to be the result of disrupted F-actin in conjunction with the increased typeⅠcollagen,with decreased myofilament Ca2+sensitivity contributing to the slowed relaxation. | Marie-Louise Ward David J Crossman | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，7： | 13 |
| 15 | Improved outcome with standardized plan for clinical management of acute decompensated chronic heart failure显示文摘Background Our overall goal is to improve clinical care for inpatients with chronic heart failure(CHF).A retrospective assessment of CHF patients admitted to our hospital over the past decade(2005 vs.2014)indicated a need for better strategies to evaluate clinical treatment,implement best practices and achieve optimal patient outcome.To that purpose,we developed a standardized plan to improve in-hospital treatment of acute decompensated CHF patients.Methods&Results Retrospective chart reviews were conducted to compare three cohorts of CHF patients admitted to the University Hospital of Lund at different time points over a 12-year period:2005(365 patients),2014(172 patients)and 2017-2018(57 patients).Little improvement was seen between 2005 and 2014 with respect to one-year mortality(35%vs.34%)and adequate treatment with recommended medications,e.g.,use of renin-angiotensin system blockers(45%vs.51%).A standardized treatment plan was devised to improve outcomes.A third cohort,treated under the plan(2017-2018),was compared with the 2014 cohort.One-year mortality(18%vs.34%)and 30-day readmission(5%vs.30%)were dramatically decreased,and adherence to medication guidelines was achieved.Key elements of the plan included well-defined treatment procedures,enhanced communication and teamwork,education,adequate time for treatment(5 days)and post-discharge follow-up as necessary.Natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)levels were useful for assessing patient status,prognosis and response to treatment.Conclusion Developmeof a standard plan for clinical management of acute decompensated CHF patients resulted in significant improvements in patient outcome,as reflected in decreased rates of 30-day readmission and one-year mortality. | Marie-Louise Edvinsson Albin Stenberg Karin Astrom-Olsson | 2019 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2019，16，1： | 13 |
| 16 | Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in the elderly: pathophysiology, diagnostic and therapeutic approach显示文摘Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF)is a clinical syndrome characterized by symptoms and sings of heart failure with elevated left ventricular filling pressures at rest or during exercise.It is the most common type of heart failure in the elderly and its prevalence increases with age and is higher in females at any given age.HFpEF is frequently accompanied of comorbid conditions such as diabetes mellitus,obesity,atrial fibrillation and renal dysfunction.The diagnosis relies in the integration of clinical information,laboratory data and interpretation of cardiac imaging and hemodynamic findings at rest and during exercise.Conditions that have a specific treatment such as coronary artery disease,valvular disease,cardiac amyloidosis and constrictive pericarditis should be considered and evaluated as appropriate.Aggressive management of comorbidities,optimization of blood pressure control and volume status using diuretics as needed are among the current treatment recommendations.There are no specific therapies that have shown to decrease mortality in HFpEF.In symptomatic patients with history of hospital admission for decompensated heart failure,the implantation of a wireless pulmonary artery pressure monitor should be considered.Finally,given the high mortality of this condition,goals of care discussion should be initiated early and involvement of palliative care medicine should be considered. | Ernesto Ruiz Duque Alexandros Briasoulis Paulino A Alvarez | 2019 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2019，16，5： | 13 |
| 17 | Application of self-care based on full-course individualized health education in patients with chronic heart failure and its influencing factors显示文摘BACKGROUND The treatment of heart failure not only needs to relieve the clinical symptoms and improve the quality of life for patients but also needs to select scientific and reasonable ways to prevent or delay the progression of the disease,thus reducing the mortality and hospitalization rate.Although the previous regimen can effectively relieve symptoms in the early stage of treatment,long-term use may cause adverse events,such as arrhythmia,and even increase mortality.Therefore,conventional treatment cannot meet the actual health needs of patients,and scientific nursing intervention is very necessary.AIM To investigate the application of self-care based on full-course individualized health education (FCIHE) and its influencing factors in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).METHODS We enrolled CHF patients who were admitted to our center between September 2015 and June 2016 and divided them into an intervention group (n = 50) and control group (n = 50) using a random number table.Routine nursing care was applied to the control group,and FCIHE was offered to the intervention group.The self-care behavior,6-min walking distance (6MWD),and 36-item short form health survey (SF-36) scores were compared between the two groups.The influencing factors of the self-care were also analyzed.RESULTS The 6MWD was not significantly different between the two groups at admission (P > 0.05);however,at 3 and 6 mo after discharge,6MWD was significantly increased,and it was significantly longer in the intervention group (P < 0.05).The scores for self-care behavior showed no significant difference at admission between the two groups (P > 0.05);however,at 3 and 6 mo after discharge,the total scores for self-care maintenance,management,confidence,and behavior of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05).There were no significant differences in the SF-36 scores at admission (P > 0.05);however,at 3 mo and 6 mo after discharge,the scores for all eight subscales,including physical functioning,role limitations due to physical problems,bodily pain,general health perceptions,vitality,social functioning,role-limitations due to emotional problems,and mental health,were significantly higher in the intervention group (P < 0.05).As shown by logistic regression analysis,the influencing factors of self-care mainly included age,cardiac function class,and education background (odds ratio > 1;all P < 0.05).CONCLUSION FCIHE improved self-care behavior and cardiac function in CHF patients.Age,cardiac function,and education level affected the implementation of self-care among CHF patients. | Jing Sun Zhi-Wei Zhang Yue-Xian Ma Wei Liu Chun-Ying Wang | 2019 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2019，7，16： | 12 |
| 18 | Neurologic complications and neurodevelopmental outcome with extracorporeal life support显示文摘Extracorporeal life support is used to support patients of all ages with refractory cardiac and/or respiratory failure. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)has been used to rescue patients whose predicted mortality would have otherwise been high. It is associated with acute central nervous system(CNS) complications and with long- term neurologic morbidity. Many patients treated with ECMO have acute neurologic complications, including seizures, hemorrhage, infarction, and brain death. Various pre-ECMO and ECMO factors have been found to be associated with neurologic injury, including acidosis, renal failure, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and modality of ECMO used. The risk of neurologic complication appears to vary by age of the patient, with neonates appearing to have the highest risk of acute central nervous system complications. Acute CNS injuries are associated with increased risk of death in a patient who has received ECMO support. ECMO is increasingly used during cardiopulmonary resuscitation when return of spontaneous circulation is not achieved rapidly and outcomes may be good in select populations. Economic analyses have shown that neonatal and adult respiratory ECMO are cost effective. There have been several intriguing reports of active physical rehabilitation of patients duringECMO support that is well tolerated and may improve recovery. Although there is evidence that some patients supported with ECMO appear to have very good outcomes, there is limited understanding of the longterm impact of ECMO on quality of life and long-term cognitive and physical functioning for many groups, especially the cardiac and pediatric populations. This deserves further study. | Amit Mehta Laura M Ibsen | 2013 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2013，2，4： | 12 |
| 19 | Diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating micro RNAs in heart failure with preserved and reduced ejection fraction显示文摘micro RNAs(mi RNAs) are powerful regulators of posttranscriptional gene expression and play an important role in pathophysiological processes. Circulating mi RNAs can be quantified in body liquids and are promising biomarkers in numerous diseases. In cardiovascular disease mi RNAs have been proven to be reliable diagnostic biomarkers for different disease entities. In cardiac fibrosis(CF) and heart failure(HF) dysregulated circulating mi RNAs have been identified,indicating their promising applicability as diagnostic biomarkers. Some mi RNAs were successfully tested in risk stratification of HF implementing their potential use as prognostic biomarkers. In this respect mi RNAs might soon be implemented in diagnostic clinical routine. In the young field of mi RNA based research advances have been made in identifying mi RNAs as potential targets for the treatment of experimental CF and HF. Promising study results suggest their potential future application as therapeutic agents in treatment of cardiovascular disease. This article summarizes the current state of the various aspects of mi RNA research in the field of CF and HF with reduced ejection fraction as well as preserved ejection fraction. The review provides an overview of the application of circulating mi RNAs as biomarkers in CF and HF and current approaches to therapeutically utilize mi RNAs in this field of cardiovascular disease. | Christian Schulte Dirk Westermann Stefan Blankenberg Tanja Zeller | 2015 | World Journal of Cardiology2015，7，12： | 11 |
| 20 | Hepato-cardiac disorders显示文摘Understanding the mutual relationship between the liver and the heart is important for both hepatologists and cardiologists. Hepato-cardiac diseases can be classified into heart diseases affecting the liver, liver diseases affecting the heart, and conditions affecting the heart and the liver at the same time. Differential diagnoses of liver injury are extremely important in a cardiologist's clinical practice calling for collaboration between cardiologists and hepatologists due to the many other diseases that can affect the liver and mimic haemodynamic injury. Acute and chronic heart failure may lead to acute ischemic hepatitis or chronic congestive hepatopathy. Treatment in these cases should be directed to the primary heart disease. In patients with advanced liver disease, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy may develop including hemodynamic changes, diastolic and systolic dysfunctions, reduced cardiac performance and electrophysiological abnormalities. Cardiac evaluation is important for patients with liver diseases especially before and after liver transplantation. Liver transplantation may lead to the improvement of all cardiac changes and the reversal of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. There are systemic diseases that may affect both the liver and the heart concomitantly including congenital, metabolic and inflammatory diseases as well as alcoholism. This review highlights these hepatocardiac | Yasser Mahrous Fouad Reem Yehia | 2014 | World Journal of Hepatology2014，6，1： | 10 |
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