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| 1 | Direct evidence of transformation from smectite to palygorskite:TEM investigation显示文摘Palygorskite clays sampled from palygorskite clay deposits in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Many intergrowth phenomena of special ultra-microstructure between smectite and palygorskite were found. The ultra-microstructure indicates that palygorsite fiberrous crystals grow along (001) of primary smectite through structural transformation and decomposition of the primary smectite. According to field investigation and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, the transformation mechanism and process can be described as: formation of smectite from basalt weathering deposited in localiza- tion basin; evaporation of lake water in aridity environment causing pH increase and concentra- tion of magnesium ion in interstice water of sediment smectite in the lake basin. Under alkaline conditions, magnesium ion occupied interlayer positions of the smectite. Because of the misfit between magnesium octahedral sheet and smectite layer, magnesium ion interaction with smec- tite layers caused the smectite to transform into palygorskite, and resulted in the formation of smectite and palygorskite complex particulates, and even smaller secondary smectite crystal plates. The transformation of smectite structure resulted in the formation of nanometer minerals with large specific surface area and excellent property of physics and chemistry in smec- tite-palygorskite mixing clay. The results from TEM investigation are important for understanding properties of palygorskite clay and application. | CHEN Tianhu1,,XU Huifang2,LU Anhuai3,XU Xiaochun1,PENG Shuchuan1 2 &YUE Shucang1 1.College of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China 2.Department of Geology and Geophysics,University of Wisconsin,Madison,WI53706,USA 3.Department of Geology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China Correspondence should be addressed to Chen Tianhu(email: tianhu@mail.hf.ah.cn or cth168@hotmail.com) | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，11： | 16 |
| 2 | Establishment of transgenic mouse harboring hepatitis B virus (adr subtype) genomes显示文摘INTRODUCTIONHepatitis B virus (HBV) belongs to the group ofhepatovirus, a major pathogen of human acute andchronic hepatitis B[1 4], which has a very closeassociation with human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)[5-8], For example, a statistical data from ahospital in Shanghai showed that 80% of HCCpatients were positive for HBsAg ( personalcommunication). | Yi Ping Hu1 Wei Jiang Hu1 Wen Chao Zheng2 Jian Xiu Li1 De Shun Dai1 Xin Min Wang1 Shu Zhong Zhang1 Hong Yu Yu3 Wei Sun4 Guang Rong Hao4 1Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China2University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA3Department of Pathology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China4Center of laboratory Animals, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China | 2001 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2001，7，1： | 9 |
| 3 | Simultaneous multi-parameter observation of Harring-tonine-treating HL-60 cells with both two-photon and confocal laser scanning microscopy显示文摘Harringtonine (HT), a kind of anticancer drug isolated from Chinese herb-Cephalotaxus hainanensis Li, can induce apoptosis in promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. With both two-photon laser scanning microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy in combination with the fluores-cent probe Hoechst 33342, tetramethyrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) and Fluo 3-AM, we simulta-neously observed HT-induced changes in nuclear morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in HL-60 cells, and developed a real-time, sensitive and invasive method for simultaneous multi-parameter observation of drug- treating living cells at the level of single cell. | 张春阳 李艳平 马辉 李素文 薛绍白 陈瓞延 | 2001 | Science China(Life Sciences)2001，44，4： | 7 |
| 4 | Electron microscopy observations of surface morphologies and particle arrangement behaviors of magnetic fluids显示文摘The surface morphology of quasi-periodic stripe-shaped patterns of magnetite fluids was observed in applied perpendicular magnetic fields by means of scanning electron microscopy. The nanoparticles of the magnetite fluids are arranged in oriental quasilinear chains in applied perpendicular magnetic fields as observed using transmission electron microscopy. This arrangement results from particle-particle interactions and particle-carrier liquids interactions, which are eventually controlled by the magnetic fields distribution. | 沈辉 徐雪青 王伟 | 2003 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2003，46，2： | 6 |
| 5 | Imaging theory and resolution improvement of two-photon confocal microscopy显示文摘The nonlinear effect of two-photon excitation on the imaging property of two-photonconfocal microscopy has been analyzed by the two-photon fluorescence intensity transfer functionderived in this paper. The two-photon fluorescence intensity transfer function in a confocal micros-copy is given. Furthermore the three-dimensional point spread function (3D-PSF) and thethree-dimensional optical transfer function (3D-OTF) of two-photon confocal microscopy are de-rived based on the nonlinear effect of two-photon excitation. The imaging property of two-photonconfocal microscopy is discussed in detail based on 3D-OTF. Finally the spatial resolution limit oftwo-photon confocal microscopy is discussed according to the uncertainty principle. | 唐志列 杨初平 裴红津 梁瑞生 刘颂豪 | 2002 | Science China Mathematics2002，45，11： | 3 |
| 6 | Immunohistochemical study of gastrin in colorectal carcinoma tissues and its adjacent mucosa显示文摘ImmunohistochemicalstudyofgastrinincolorectalcarcinomatissuesanditsadjacentmucosaJIANGChunPing,CHENYuQuan,ZHUJianWei,SHEN... | JIANG Chun Ping, CHEN Yu Quan, ZHU Jian Wei, SHEN Hong Xun and YU Xiu | 1997 | World Journal of Gastroenterology1997，3，2： | 2 |
| 7 | Observation of banded spherulites and lamellar structures by atomic force microscopy显示文摘Lamellar structures of banded spherulites of poly(?caprolactone)/poly(vinyl chloride) (PCL/PVC) blends are observed using tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). The surface of the PCL/PVC banded spherulites presents to be concentric periodic ups and downs. The period of the bands corresponds to the extinction rings under the polarized optical microscopy observa-tion. The lamellae with edge-on orientation in the ridges and the flat-on lamellae in the valleys of the banded spherulites are observed clearly. The twisting between the edge-on and flat-on lamel-lae is also observed. | 姜勇 罗艳红 范泽夫 王霞瑜 徐军 郭宝华 李林 | 2003 | Science China Chemistry2003，46，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Influencing factors of rat small intestinal epithelial cell cultivation and effects of radiation on cell proliferation显示文摘INTRODUCTIONCrypt epithelial cells in normal small intestineproliferate at a high speed. But they are verydifficult to culture in vitro and passage stably. A lotof studies have been done[1-16]. Some domestic labsisolated and cultured crypt cells from embryonalintestines and aseptic animal intestine, but failed.We introduced normal rat epithelial cell line-IEC-6from the USA and its living condition for stablepassage was successfully established after trials. Thecell line was testified to be the small intestinalepithelial cell by electron microscopy,immunihistochemistry and enzymatic histoch-emistry. It has been applied to some relatedresearch work[17-21]. It was found that manyfactors were involved in the culture system. Ourpresent study focuses on the culture method and theinfluencing factors on IEC-6. | Xin Ze Ran Yong Ping Su Yong Jiang Wei Guo Ping Ai Tian Min Cheng Yuan Lin Institute of Combined Injury, PLA, School of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University. Chongqing 400038, China | 2001 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2001，7，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Imaging theory of nonlinear second harmonic and third harmonic generations in confocal microscopy显示文摘The imaging theory of nonlinear second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG) in confocal microscopy is presented in this paper. The nonlinear effect of SHG and THG on the imaging properties of confocal microscopy has been analyzed in detail by the imaging theory. It is proved that the imaging process of SHG and THG in confocal microscopy, which is different from conventional coherent imaging or incoherent imaging, can be divided into two different processes of coherent imaging. The three-dimensional point spread functions (3D-PSF) of SHG and THG confocal microscopy are derived based on the nonlinear principles of SHG and THG. The imaging properties of SHG and THG confocal microscopy are discussed in detail according to its 3D-PSF. It is shown that the resolution of SHG and THG confocal microscopy is higher than that of single- and two-photon confocal microscopy. | TANG Zhilie1, XING Da2 & LIU Songhao2 1. Department of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China 2. School for Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China Correspondence should be addressed to Tang Zhilie (email: tangzhl@scnu.edu.cn) Received April 23, 2003 | 2004 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2004，47，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy studies on the self-assemblies of amphiphilic solutions显示文摘Self-assemblies of amphiphiles in solutions were investigated by using freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy(FF-TEM). Especially, vesicles were characterized by FF-TEM and the transition of self-assemblies was determined. The stacked lamellar Lα-phase was prepared without shear forces by a chemical reaction. The stacked lamellar Lα-phase can be transformed into multilamellar vesicles by the shearing forces that occur when the stacked lamellar Lα-phase sample is turned upside down a few times. The multilamellar vesicles can also be transformed into unilamellar vesicles by high shearing forces. These transitions were demonstrated by FF-TEM measurements. Zn2+-induced vesicle formation in the single-chain surfactant solutions was first achieved. | 郝京诚 黄建滨 徐桂英 郑利强 刘维民 H.Hoffmann | 2003 | Science China Chemistry2003，46，6： | 1 |
| 11 | A confocal study of mechanism of 5-hydroxytryptamino induced intracellular calcium dynamics in cultured rat stomach fundus smooth muscle cells with a new Ca^(2+) indicator STDIn-AM显示文摘A new fluorescent Ca2+ indicator STDIn-AM for detecting i transients in cultured smooth muscle cells is presented. By making a comparison, the difference between STDIn and fluo-3 is discussed in detail. Using the new Ca2+ indicator, the mechanism of 5-hydroxytryptamino (5-HT) induced intracellular calcium dynamics in stomach fundus smooth muscle cells (SFSMC) of rats is investigated. It is shown that in contrast with fluo-3, STDIn is uniformly distributed in the cytosolic compartment but excluded from the nucleus, when it is transfected into cells. This feature makes it a real cytosol Ca2+ indicator and can reflect changes of cytosol more accurately than that of fluo-3. In addition, STDIn responds to the i transients more sensitive and faster than fluo-3. The results also show that, the L-type Ca2+ channel inhibitor Mn9202 and the PLC inhibitor Compound 48/80 can significantly inhibit the i elevation induced by 5-HT, while the PKC inhibitor D-Sphingosine can enhance the effect of 5-HT. The results suggest that 5-HT acts by the way of 5-HT2 receptors on SFSMC, then through 5-HT2 receptors coupled IP3/Ca2+ and GC/PKC double signal transduction pathways to make Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores and Ca2+ influx possibly through L-type calcium channels. | 张小玲 阎宏涛 | 2002 | Science China Chemistry2002，45，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Comparison of Sputum Smear Microscopy and Rapid Tuberculosisantibody Detection Test Kits for Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Abia State, Nigeria显示文摘The SSM (sputum smear microscopy) and five immunochromatographic tuberculosis antibody detection tests (DiaSpot TB, Spodex TB, SD Rapid TB, Clinotech TB Screen and Precious One-step TB) were compared for diagnosis of active TB at the Leprosy and Tuberculosis Referral Hospital, Uzuakoli, Abia State, Nigeria. Sputum specimens from 150 study participants (male/female ratio, 0.81) were cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen slopes and direct smears were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen technique and examined by light microscopy. Sera were tested for anti-TB antibodies using the rapid TB tests. A total of 91 participants were culture positive, 79 (86.8%) for M. tuberculosis and 12 (13.2%) for nontuberculous mycobacteria. The sensitivity of SSM was 50% (95% CI: 39.0-61.0) and specificity was 92.3% (95% CI: 86.4-98.2) in those culture positive for M. tuberculosis. The sensitivity and specificity of the Rapid TB tests ranged from 24.1-39.2% and 78.4-87.8%, respectively. None of the five rapid TB tests had acceptable level of accuracy for diagnosis of active TB. The sensitivity of SSM though moderate is inadequate for long term TB control in this setting. | Emmanuel Olufemi Ekundayo Sam D. Abbey Onuka Okorie | 2014 | Journal of Health Science2014，2，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Internalization of immunotargeting drugs against hepatoma显示文摘To study the internalization of immunotargeting drugs for hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: By using colloidal gold technique, the processes of internalization of the immunotargeting drugs, HAb18 and HAb25, against hepatoma in the targeting cells of human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 were observed separatelly ctively under an electron microscope. Results: 80% of the target cells were conjugated with gold-labeled particles on the cellular surfaces. The internalization of gold-labeled particles were present in all of the target cells conjugated with gold-labeled particles, while no internalization of gold-labeled particles could be seen in the target cells not conjugated with gold-labeled particles. The chief way of internalization was invariably through a non-coated microinvagination. After entering the cells. all of the gold-labled particles were first localized in the primary endocytic vacuoles, and then transferred intracellularly. Simultaneously, the vacuole-vacuole fusion occurred forming the larger multi-vesicular bodies, the endosome. In the Golgi region, the endosome fused with the Golgic vacuoles, and finally located in the secondary lysosomes. 18h after the intercellular internalization of the immunotargeting drugs, the cytoplasmic vacuolization, and sometimes even cellular necrosis, could be noticed. The control cells grew well. Conclusion: After entering the targeting cells, the immunotargeting drugs would degrade within the lysosomes. And when ADM arrives at its function site it would play the role of cell toxicity intranuclearly.Therefore, internalization of HAb18-ADM and HAb25-ADM might have a good prospect in clinical application. | 隋延枋 孙志伟 陈志南 刘彦仿 | 1997 | Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China)1997，12，3： | 0 |
| 14 | Imaging of apoptotic HeLa cells by using scanning near-field optical microscopy显示文摘By using scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM), HeLa cells in apoptosis process are imaged with a higher optical resolution beyond the diffraction limit. Since SNOM provides both topographic and transmitted light intensity information of a cell, it can correlate the structural characteristics and optical properties with the spatial position of the apoptotic cells. Wavelength imaging by using near-field spectroscopy shows that there is a great difference in light propagation and absorption in the cell. This unique technique can be applied to the super high resolution imaging of different components in the cell. The observations by near-field optical imaging and near-field spectroscopy indicate an inhomogeneous aggregation of the inner structure in the apoptotic HeLa cells and the change of transmission intensity of light with the apoptosis status. | Peter von BLANCKENHAGEN | 2002 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2002，12，8： | 0 |
| 15 | DIAMOND HETEROEPITAXY-NUCLEATION, INTERFACE STRUCTURE, FILM GROWTH显示文摘The present understanding of diamond heteroepitaxy by bias-enhanced chemical vapour deposition on technologically relevant substrate materials is briefly reviewed. First the early stages of diamond nucleation and the diamond film growth as well as influences of various deposition conditions are described. Then the results of microscopic investigations of the structure of interfaces and of grain boundaries are summarized. | W Jager and X. Jiang (Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D-24143 Kiel, Germany) (Fraunhofer-Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films, D-38108 Braunschweig, Germany) | 2001 | Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)2001，14，6： | 0 |
| 16 | DISTRIBUTION OF VEGF mRNA IN BREAST CANCER WITH NONRADIOACTIVE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION AT ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC LEVELS显示文摘Object: To localize the mRNA coding for VEGF atUltrastractural level in human breast cancer by usingdigoxigenin-labeled cDNA probes. Methods: Nonradio-active in situ hybridization at electron microscopic level was employed to detected VEGF mRNA in breast cancer.Result: Cancer cells and endothelial cell of angiogensisshow dark color in experiment sections. No dark color can be found in control sections. Positive hybridization signals showed dark dot and were located in various compartments of the breast cancer cell and endothelial cell in experiment section. No labeling was observed in control sections. In experiment sections, the staining appeared concentrated in cytoplasm and nucleus of the breast cancer cell andendothelial cell. Conclusion: Nonradioactive in situhybridization at electron microscopic level is efficient fordirect observation of the target site mRNA of VEGF in the cytoplasm and nucleus. | 王医术 李玉林 王心蕊 李一雷 吴珊 张丽红 | 2002 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2002，14，4： | 0 |
| 17 | Radiosensitization mechanism of riboflavin in vitro显示文摘Riboflavin, suggested to be a radiosensitizer, was studied in murine thymocytes and human hepatoma L02 cell line in vitro with MTT method and fluorescence microscopy. When the murine thymocytes treated with 5-400 μmol/L riboflavin were irradiated by 5 Gy 60Co γ ionizing radiation, the low concentration groups, i.e. treated with 5-50 μmol/L riboflavin, showed a different surviving fractions-time relating correlation compared with the high concentration groups, i.e. treated with 100-400 μmol/L riboflavin. The former had a high survival level at the end of irradiation, but which, after 4-h incubation, decreased rapidly to a low level. On the contrary, the high concentration groups showed a low survival level at the end of irradiation, and a poor correlation was found between the surviving fraction and the incubation time, after 4 h a little difference was observed. The results of fluorescence microscopy indicated that under low concentration conditions, the riboflavin localized mainly in nucleus (both perinuclear area and inside of nuclear membrane), while under high concentration conditions, intensive riboflavin also localized around cytoplasmic membranes. Thus we can conclude: the riboflavin had radiosensitivity effect on DNA under low concentration conditions, and enhanced the damage to cytoplasmic membrane under high concentration conditions. Also the most effective concentration of riboflavin can be evaluated to be approximate 100 μmol/L. | 刘官树 赵芳 高建国 陈志龙 李雨 蔡建明 姚思德 陆长元 孟祥顺 张黎明 | 2002 | Science China(Life Sciences)2002，45，4： | 0 |
| 18 | Perfect digital holographic imaging with high resolutionusing a submillimeter-dimension CCD sensor显示文摘In order to improve the resolution of digital holography with a common-dimension charge-coupleddevice (CCD) sensor, the point spread functions are briefly derived for the commonly used and practicalpost-magnification, pre-magnification, and image-plane digital holographic microscopic systems. Theultimate resolutions of these systems are analyzed and compared. The results show that the ultimatelateral resolution of pre-magnification digital holography is superior to that of post-magnificationdigital holography in the same conditions. We also demonstrate that the ultimate lateral resolutionof image-plane digital holography has no correlation with the photosensitive dimension of the CCDsensor, and it is not significantly related to the pixel size of the sensor. Moreover, both the ultimateresolution and the imaging quality of image-plane digital holography are superior to that of pre- andpost-magnification digital holographic microscopy. High-resolution imaging, whose resolution is close tothe ultimate resolution of the microscope objective, can be achieved by image-plane digital holographyeven with a submillimeter-dimension sensor. This system, by which perfect imaging can be achieved,is optimal for commonly used digital holographic microscopy. Experimental results demonstrate thecorrectness of the theoretical analysis. | Hua-Ying Wang Nan-Yah Xiong Jun-Xiang Li Zhao Dong Xia-Nan Jiang Feng Fan Ya-Guang Geng Qiao-Fen Zhu | 2016 | Frontiers of physics2016，11，6： | 0 |
| 19 | Genetic Mechanism of Mineral Inclusions in Zircons from the Khondalite Series, Southeastern Inner Mongolia显示文摘The early Precambrian khondalite series is widely distributed in the Jining-Zhuozi-Fengzhen- Liangcheng area, southeastern Inner Mongolia. The khondalite series mainly consists of sillimanite garnet potash feldspar (or two-feldspar) gneiss and garnet biotite plagioclase gneiss. These gneissic rocks have commonly experienced granulite-facies metamorphism. In zircons separated from sillimanite garnet potash feldspar gneisses, many mineral inclusions, including Sil, Grt, Ky, Kfs, Qtz and Ap, have been identified by the Laser Raman spectroscopy. Generally, prograde metamorphic mineral inclusion assemblages such as Ky + Kfs + Qtz + Ap and Ky + Grt + Kfs + Qtz are preserved in the core of zircon, while peak granulite-facies metamorphic minerals including Sil + Grt + Kfs + Qtz and Sil + Grt + Kfs + Qtz + Ap are identified in the mantle and rim of the same zircon. However, in some zircons are only preserved the peak metamorphic minerals such as Sil + Grt + Kfs + Qtz and Sil + Grt + Kfs + Qtz + Ap from core to rim, and in others are inherited the primary cores with minor mineral inclusions of Kfs + Qtz, with peak metamorphic mineral inclusions around the inherited cores. These data indicate that the mineral assemblage evolution of sillimanite garnet potash feldspar gneisses in the study are did experience a polymorphic transformation of kyanite to sillimanite. In garnet biotite plagioclase gneisses, secondary electron microscopic images reveal that most zircons display distinct zoning textures, which comprise cores and rims, each with distinctive inclusion assemblages. The inherited mineral inclusions, mainly consisting of Kfs + Pl + Qtz, Kfs + Qtz and Kfs + Qtz + Ap, are preserved in the primary cores, while peak granulite-facies mineral asemblages, including Grt + Bt + Pl + Qtz + Ap, Grt + Bt + Pl + Qtz and Grt + Bt + Pl + Qtz + Rt, are identified on the rims. The occurrence of peak metamorphic mineral inclusions in zircons indicates that these gneissic rocks, including sillimanite garnet potash feldspar gneiss and garnet biotite plagioclase gneiss, have experienced granulite-facies metamorphism.Secondary electron microscopic images of zircons from the khondalite series display distinct zoning from core to rim, and are genetically related to the primary, prograde, and peak metamorphic mineral inclusion assemblages respectively. These images reveal irregular zoning patterns and varying thickness of cores and rims. The abundance of inclusions complicates the conventional U-Pb age dating. Therefore, the SHRIMP micro-spot U-Pb method is essential for the protolith and metamorphic age dating of the khondalite series, southeastern Inner Mongolia. | LIU Fulai and SHEN Qihan Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037 | 2003 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2003，77，1： | 0 |
| 20 | Controlled free radical polymerization of styrene initiated from the alkoxyamine-functionalized silicon surface显示文摘We describe a new method of fabricating a brush-like polystyrene layer anchored on the surface of the silicon substrate, which involves three steps, namely (i) the attachment of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane onto the silicon surface; (ii) the reaction of vinyl moiety at another extremity of the anchored 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane to 4-Hydroxyl-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (HTEMPO?) catalyzed by azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN); (iii) living free radical grafting polymerization of styrene in the presence of HTEMPO?. The controllable living free radical polymerization permits accurate control of both the molecular weight and the polydispersity. X-photoelectron spectroscopy measurement proved that the alkoxyamine initiator layer forms on the silicon surface. XPS and Ellipsometry measurements showed that the poly-styrene chains were covalently anchored onto the silicon surface. The thickness of the grafted polymer layer can be accurately manipulated by altering the polymerization time. The new method allows synthesizing random copolymer and block copolymers by the sequential growth of monomers from the substrate surface. | CHEN Zhijun1, ZHOU Sikai1, LU Wenzhong1, FANG Shaoming1, JIANG Xiqun2 & YANG Changzheng2 1. College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China 2. Laboratory of Mesoscopic Material Science and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China | 2005 | Science China Chemistry2005，48，5： | 0 |
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