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| 1 | The unique structural and functional features of CXCL12显示文摘The CXC chemokine CXCL12 is an important factor in physiological and pathological processes, includingembryogenesis, hematopoiesis, angiogenesis and inflammation, because it activates and/or induces migration ofhematopoietic progenitor and stem cells, endothelial cells and most leukocytes. Therefore, CXCL12 activity istightly regulated at multiple levels. CXCL12 has the unique property of existing in six splice variants in humans,each having a specific tissue distribution and in vivo activity. Controlled splice variant transcription and mRNAstability determine the CXCL12 expression profile. CXCL12 fulfills its functions in homeostatic and pathologicalconditions by interacting with its receptors CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and atypical chemokine receptor 3(ACKR3) and by binding to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in tissues and on the endothelium to allow a properpresentation to passing leukocytes. Homodimerizaton and heterodimerization of CXCL12 and its receptors can altertheir signaling activity, as exemplified by the synergy between CXCL12 and other chemokines in leukocyte migrationassays. Receptor binding may also initiate CXCL12 internalization and its subsequent removal from theenvironment. Furthermore, CXCL12 activity is regulated by posttranslational modifications. Proteolytic removal ofNH2- or COOH-terminal amino acids, citrullination of arginine residues by peptidyl arginine deiminases or nitrationof tyrosine residues reduce CXCL12 activity. This review summarizes the interactions of CXCL12 with the cellularenvironment and discusses the different levels of CXCL12 activity regulation. | Rik Janssens Sofie Struyf Paul Proost | 2018 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2018，15，4： | 28 |
| 2 | p53 modifications:exquisite decorations ofthe powerful guardian显示文摘The last 40 years have witnessed how p53 rose from a viral binding protein to a central factor in both stress responses and tumor suppression.The exquisite regulation of p53 functions is of vital importance for cell fate decisions.Among the multiple layers of mechanisms controlling p53 function,posttranslational modifications (PTMs) represent an efficient and precise way.Major p53 PTMs include phosphorylation,ubiquitination,acetylation,and methylation.Meanwhile,other PTMs like sumoylation,neddylation,O-GlcNAcylation,adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation,hydroxylation,and p-hydroxybutyrylation are also shown to play various roles in p53 regulation.By independent action or interaction,PTMs affect p53 stability,conformation,localization,and binding partners.Deregulation of the PTM-related pathway is among the major causes of p53-associated developmental disorders or diseases,especially in cancers.This review focuses on the roles of different p53 modification types and shows how these modifications are orchestrated to produce various outcomes by modulating p53 activities or targeted to treat different diseases caused by p53 dysregulation. | Yanqing Liu Omid Tavana Wei Gu | 2019 | Journal of Molecular Cell Biology2019，11，7： | 24 |
| 3 | Reversibility and heritability of liver fibrosis:Implications for research and therapy显示文摘Liver fibrosis continues to be a major health problem worldwide due to lack of effective therapy.If the etiology cannot be eliminated,liver fibrosis progresses to cirrhosis and eventually to liver failure or malignancy;both are associated with a fatal outcome.Liver transplantation,the only curative therapy,is still mostly unavailable.Liver fibrosis was shown to be a reversible process;however,complete reversibility remains debatable.Recently,the molecular markers of liver fibrosis were shown to be transmitted across generations.Epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation,histone posttranslational modifications and noncoding RNA have emerged as major determinants of gene expression during liver fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis.Furthermore,epigenetic mechanisms have been shown to be transmitted through mitosis and meiosis to daughter cells and subsequent generations.However,the exact epigenetic regulation of complete liver fibrosis resolution and inheritance has not been fully elucidated.This communication will highlight the recent advances in the search for delineating the mechanisms governing resolution of liver fibrosis and the potential for multigenerational and transgenerational transmission of fibrosis markers.The fact that epigenetic changes,unlike genetic mutations,are reversible and can be modulated pharmacologically underscores the unique opportunity to develop effective therapy to completely reverse liver fibrosis,to prevent the development of malignancy and to regulate heritability of fibrosis phenotype. | Hussein M Atta | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，17： | 23 |
| 4 | Mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma progression显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with a very poor prognosis. In the United States, there has been only minimal improvement in the prognosis for HCC patients over the past 15 years. Details of the molecular mechanisms and other mechanisms of HCC progression remain unclear. Consequently, there is an urgent need for better understanding of these mechanisms. HCC is often diagnosed at advanced stages, and most patients will therefore need systemic therapy, with sorafenib being the most common at the present time. However, sorafenib therapy only minimally enhances patient survival. This review provides a summary of some of the known mechanisms that either cause HCC or contribute to its progression. Included in this review are the roles of viral hepatitis, non-viral hepatitis, chronic alcohol intake, genetic predisposition and congenital abnormalities, toxic exposures, and autoimmune diseases of the liver. Well-established molecular mechanisms of HCC progression such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor-stromal interactions and the tumor microenvironment, cancer stem cells, and senescence bypass are also discussed. Additionally, we discuss the roles of circulating tumor cells,immunomodulation, and neural regulation as potential new mechanisms of HCC progression. A better understanding of these mechanisms could have implications for the development of novel and more effective therapeutic and prognostic strategies, which are critically needed. | Olorunseun O Ogunwobi Trisheena Harricharran Jeannette Huaman Anna Galuza Oluwatoyin Odumuwagun Yin Tan Grace X Ma Minhhuyen T Nguyen | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，19： | 21 |
| 5 | Toxicity of cadmium and its competition with mineral nutrients for uptake by plants:A review显示文摘Cadmium(Cd)is a toxic heavy metal occurring in the environment naturally and is also generated through various anthropogenic sources and acts as a pollutant.Human health is affected by Cd pollution in farmland soils because food is the main source of Cd intake in the non-smoking population.For crops,Cd toxicity may result from a disturbance in uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients and disturbance in plant metabolism,inhibiting plant growth and development.However,plants have Cd tolerance mechanisms,including restricted Cd uptake,decreased Cd root-to-shoot translocation,enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities,and increased production of phytochelatins.Furthermore,optimal supply of mineral nutrients is one of the strategies to alleviate the damaging effects of Cd on plants and to avoid its entry into the food chain.The emerging molecular knowledge contributes to understanding Cd uptake,translocation,and remobilization in plants.In this review,Cd toxicity and tolerance mechanisms,agricultural practices to minimize Cd accumulation,Cd competition with essential elements(calcium,copper,iron,zinc,and manganese),and genes associated with Cd uptake are discussed in detail,especially regarding how these mineral nutrients and genes play a role in decreasing Cd uptake and accumulation in crop plants. | Shiyu QIN Hongen LIU Zhaojun NIE Zed RENGEL Wei GAO Chang LI Peng ZHAO | 2020 | Pedosphere2020，30，2： | 20 |
| 6 | Carotenoid Pigment Accumulation in Horticultural Plants显示文摘Carotenoids are a group of widely distributed natural pigments.They give many horticultural plants the bright red,orange,and yellow colors,as well as the aroma and flavor.Carotenoids enhance the health value and represent an essential quality trait of horticultural products.Significant efforts have been made to correlate specific carotenoid production with pathway gene expression.Some transcription factors that directly regulate transcription of the pathway genes have been identified.Horticultural crops have evolved with complicated and multifaceted regulatory mechanisms to generate the enormous diversity in carotenoid content and composition.However,the diverse and complex control of carotenoid accumulation is still not well understood.In this review,we depict carotenoid accumulation pathways and highlight the recent progress in the regulatory control of carotenoid accumulation in horticultural plants.Because of the critical roles of chromoplasts for carotenoid hyperproduction,we evaluate chromoplast ultrastructures and carotenoid sequestrations.A perspective on carotenoid research in horticultural crops is provided. | Anna S.Hermanns Xuesong Zhou Qiang Xu Yaakov Tadmor Li Li | 2020 | Horticultural Plant Journal2020，6，6： | 20 |
| 7 | Molecular regulation of vasculogenic mimicry in tumors and potential tumor-target therapy显示文摘'Vasculogenic mimicry(VM)',is a term that describes the unique ability of highly aggressive tumor cells to express a multipotent,stem cell-like phenotype,and form a pattern of vasculogenic-like networks in threedimensional culture.As an angiogenesis-independent pathway,VM and/or periodic acid-schiff-positive patterns are associated with poor prognosis in tumor patients.Moreover,VM is resistant to angiogenesis inhibitors.Here,we will review the advances in research on biochemical and molecular signaling pathways of VM in tumors and on potential anti-VM therapy strategy. | Yue-Zu Fan Wei Sun | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2010，2，4： | 19 |
| 8 | Small molecule inhibitors reveal allosteric regulation of USP14 via steric blockade显示文摘The ubiquitin system is important for drug discovery,and the discovery of selective small-molecule inhibitors of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) remains an active yet extremely challenging task. With a few exceptions,previously developed inhibitors have been found to bind the evolutionarily conserved catalytic centers of DUBs,resulting in poor selectivity. The small molecule IU1 was the first-ever specific inhibitor identified and exhibited surprisingly excellent selectivity for USP14 over other DUBs. However,the molecular mechanism for this selectivity was elusive. Herein,we report the high-resolution co-crystal structures of the catalytic domain of USP14 bound to IU1 and three IU1 derivatives. All the structures of these complexes indicate that IU1 and its analogs bind to a previously unknown steric binding site in USP14,thus blocking the access of the C-terminus of ubiquitin to the active site of USP14 and abrogating USP14 activity. Importantly,this steric site in USP14 is very unique,as suggested by structural alignments of USP14 with several known DUB X-ray structures. These results,in conjunction with biochemical characterization,Indicate a coherent steric blockade mechanism for U5P14 inhibition by compounds of the IU series. In light of the recent report of steric blockade of USP7 by FT671,this work suggests a potential generally applicable allosteric mechanism for the regulation of DUBs via steric blockade,as showcased by our discovery of IU1-248 which is 10-fold more potent than IU1. | Yiwei Wang Yuxuan Jiang Shan Ding Jiawang Li Ningjing Song Yujing Ren Danning Hong Cai Wu Bin Li Feng Wang Wei He Jiawei Wang Ziqing Mei | 2018 | Cell Research2018，28，12： | 15 |
| 9 | Large-scale analysis of small RNAs derived from traditional Chinese herbs in human tissues显示文摘Plant-derived microRNAs have recently been reported to function in human blood and tissues. Controversy was immediately raised due to possible contamination and the lack of large sample sizes. Here, we report thousands of unique small RNAs derived from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) herbs found in human blood cells and mouse lung tissues using a large-scale analysis.We extracted small RNAs from decoctions of 10 TCM plants(Ban Zhi Lian, Chai Hu, Chuan Xin Lian, Di Ding Zi Jin, Huang Qin, Jin Yin Hua, Lian Qiao, Pu Gong Ying, Xia Ku Cao, and Yu Xing Cao) and obtained millions of RNA sequences from each herb. We also obtained RNA-Seq data from the blood cells of humans who consumed herbal decoctions and from the lung tissues of mice administered RNAs from herbal decoctions via oral gavage. We identified thousands of unique small RNA sequences in human blood cells and mouse lung tissues. Some of these identified small RNAs from Chuan Xin Lian and Hong Jing Tian could be mapped to the genomes of the herbs, confirming their TCM plant origin. Small RNAs derived from herbs regulate mammalian gene expression in a sequence-specific manner, and thus are a superior novel class of herbal drug components that hold great potential as oral gene-targeted therapeutics, highlighting the important role of herbgenomics in their development. | Fengming Huang Jianchao Du Zhu Liang Zhichao Xu Jiantao Xu Yan Zhao Yexuan Lin Song Mei Quan He Jindong Zhu Qiang Liu Yanxu Zhang Yuhao Qin Wei Sun Jingyuan Song Shilin Chen Chengyu Jiang | 2019 | Science China(Life Sciences)2019，62，3： | 14 |
| 10 | Hydraulic design and pre-whirl regulation law of inlet guide vane for centrifugal pump显示文摘A new hydraulic design method of three-dimensional guide vane for centrifugal pump is proposed on the assumption that the fluid at the outlet of guide vane satisfies the uniform velocity moment condition.The geometry of blade is controlled by the distributed rule of blade angles along the meridional streamline which is described by a fourth-order polynomial.Experiment results demonstrate that the designed guide vane can overcome the drawback of two-dimensional guide vane,enlarge the high efficiency scope and improve the hydraulic performance of centrifugal pump on the off-design operation conditions.In comparison with the performance of the centrifugal pump without inlet guide vane,the peak value of efficiency can be enhanced by 2.13% after the three-dimensional guide vane was being installed.The three-dimensional entire flow field of the centrifugal pump with inlet guide vane is simulated,and the basic principle and mechanism of inlet guide vane pre-whirl regulation are analyzed.The validity of design method has been proved. | TAN Lei ,CAO ShuLiang&GUI ShaoBo State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Department of Thermal Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，8： | 14 |
| 11 | Exploration of the mechanisms of Ge Gen Decoction against influenza A virus infection显示文摘Ge Gen Decoction(GGD),a Traditional Chinese Medicine prescription,is mainly used to treat infectious respiratory diseases and can relieve the symptoms of influenza A virus(IAV)infection.However,the underlying mechanism of GGD against IAV infection remains unclear.In this study,we found that GGD had moderate anti-IAV activity in vitro.GGD was more effective when given before the viral infection and targeted the viral attachment and replication stages rather than the internalization sta ge.In vivo,GGD treatment reduced the virus titers of lung tissue significantly and improved the survival rate,lung index,and pulmonary hist opathological changes in H1N1-infected mice.We observed the changes in several key immuno-related indexes in GGD administrated H1N1-infected mice with anti-IAV drug oseltamivir phosphate as the control.GGD treatment decreased the expression of TNF-αand improved Th1/Th2 immune balance to reduce the excessive immune response in H1N1-infected mice.Besides,the expression of the toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway in H1N1-infected mice decreased after GGD treatment.Our results showed that GGD has anti-IAV activity and can modulate the immune system to relieve lung inflammation. | GENG Zi-Kai LI Ya-Qun CUI Qing-Hua DU Rui-Kun TIAN Jing-Zhen | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines2019，17，9： | 14 |
| 12 | Two RING-Finger Ubiquitin E3 Ligases Regulate the Degradation of SPX4, An Internal Phosphate Sensor, for Phosphate Homeostasis and Signaling in Rice显示文摘SPX-domain-containing proteins (SPXs) play an important role in inorganic phosphate (Pi) sensing,signaling,and transport in eukaryotes.In plants,SPXs are known to integrate cellular Pi status and negatively regulate the activity of Pi central regulators,the PHOSPATE STARVATION RESPONSE proteins (PHRs).The stability of SPXs,such as SPX4,is reduced under Pi-deficient conditions.However,the mechanisms by which SPXs are degraded remain unclear.In this study,using a yeast-twhybrid screen we iden.tified two RING-finger ubiquitin E3 ligases regulating SPX4 degradation,designated SDEL1 and SDEL2,which were post-transcriptionally induced by Pi starvation.We found that both SDELs were located in the nucleus and cytoplasm,had ubiquitin E3 ligase activity,and directly ubiquitinated the K^213 and K^299 lysine residues in SPX4 to regulate its stability.Furthermore,we found that PHR2,a Pi central regulator in rice,could compete with SDELs by interacting with SPX4 under Pi-sufficient conditions,which protected SPX4 from ubiquitination and degradation.Consistent with the biochemical function of SDEL1 and SDEL2,overexpression of SDEL1 or SDEL2 resulted in Pi overaccumulation and induced Pi-starvation signaling even under Pi-sufficient conditions.Conversely,their loss-of-function mutants displayed decreased Pi accumulation and reduced Pi-starvation signaling.Collectively,our study revealed that SDEL1 and SDEL2 facilitate the degradation of SPX4 to modulate PHR2 activity and regulate Pi homeostasis and Pi signaling in response to external Pi availability in rice. | Wenyuan Ruan Meina Guo Xueqing Wang Zhenhui Guo Zhuang Xu Lei Xu Hongyu Zhao Haiji Sun Chengqi Yan Keke Yi | 2019 | Molecular Plant2019，12，8： | 14 |
| 13 | Plant Immune Mechanisms:From Reductionistic to Holistic Points of View显示文摘After three decades of the amazing progress made on molecular studies of plant-microbe interactions(MPMI),we have begun to ask ourselves'what are the major questions still remaining?'as if the puzzle has only a few pieces missing.Such an exercise has ultimately led to the realization that we still have many more questions than answers.Therefore,it would be an impossible task for us to project a coherent'big picture'of the MPMI field in a single review.Instead,we provide our opinions on where we would like to go in our research as an invitation to the community to join us in this exploration of new MPMI frontiers. | Jie Zhang Gitta Coaker Jian-Min Zhou Xinnian Dong | 2020 | Molecular Plant2020，13，10： | 13 |
| 14 | 小麦秸秆碳氮比调控施用对烟叶氮磷钾吸收的影响(摘要)(英文)显示文摘[目的]研究小麦秸秆碳氮比调控施用对烟叶氮磷钾吸收的影响。[方法]2008~2009夏种季节于云南省曲靖市板桥镇进行田间小区试验,探讨小麦秸秆及其碳氮比调控后施用对烤烟产量、产值及上、中、下部烟叶对氮、磷、钾含量及累积吸收量的影响。[结果]小麦秸秆无论单独施用,还是碳氮比调控后施用均能促进烟叶产量、产值显著提高,同时,烟叶钾含量、钾和氮的累积吸收量也均有显著增加,而且小麦秸秆进行碳氮比调控后施用更有利于烟叶钾的吸收。与不施用秸秆相比,小麦秸秆单独施用、小麦秸秆+苕子、小麦秸秆+油枯、小麦秸秆+尿素进行碳氮比调控后施用,烟叶产量分别提高6.59%、3.58%、5.98%、8.80%,烟叶钾含量分别提高3.85%、7.76%、8.82%、11.21%,烟叶钾的总累积量分别提高10.71%、11.62%、15.32%、21.01%,烟叶氮的总累积量分别提高9.76%、1.22%、8.14%、14.00%;而不同处理之间烟叶氮含量无显著差异,烟叶对磷的吸收降低。[结论]在烤烟生产中施用高碳氮比小麦秸秆,即要注意补充氮素调节碳氮比,也要考虑磷素的补充。 | 段宗颜 王瑞宝 鲁耀 殷寿安 胡万里 陈拾华 | 2010 | Agricultural Science & Technology2010，11，5： | 13 |
| 15 | Fine-Tuning of MiR528 Accumulation Modulates Flowering Time in Rice显示文摘In plants,microRNA (miRNA) functions in the post-transcriptional repression of target mRNAs have been well explored.However,the mechanisms regulating the accumulation of miRNAs remain poorly under.stood.Here,we report that distinct mechanisms regulate accumulation of a monocot-specific miRNA,rice (Oryza sativa) miR528.At the transcriptional level,miR528 accumulated to higher levels in older plants than in young seedlings and exhibited aging-modulated gradual accumulation and diurnal rhythms in leaves;at the post-transcriptional level,aging also modulated miR528 levels by enhancing pri-miR528 alter.native splicing.We found that miR528 promotes rice flowering under long-day conditions by targeting RED AND FAR-RED INSENSITIVE2 (OsRFI2).Moreover,natural variations in the MIR528 promoter region caused differences in miR528 expression among rice varieties,which are correlated with their different binding affinities with the transcription factor OsSPL9 that activates the expression of miR528.Taken together,our findings reveal rice plants have evolved sophisticated modes fine-tuning miR528 levels and provide insight into the mechanisms that regulate MIRNA expression in plants. | Rongxin Yang Pingchuan Li Hailiang Mei Dong Wang Jing Sun Chao Yang Lili Hao Shouyun Cao Chengcai Chu Songnian Hu Xianwei Song Xiaofeng Cao | 2019 | Molecular Plant2019，12，8： | 12 |
| 16 | Optimal Trade-Off Between Regulation and Wind Curtailment in the Economic Dispatch Problem显示文摘Generator regulation and wind power curtailment are two conflicting ways to deal with the inaccurate prediction and volatility of wind power.This study focuses on planning the day-ahead schedule based on optimal trade-off between regulation of generators and wind curtailment.Compared to traditional economic dispatch methods,the proposed schedule is more robust and adaptive to multiple forecast scenarios instead of a single forecast scenario.The works of this paper are as follows:First,an economic dispatch problem based on multiple scenarios is formulated with the objective of minimizing both generator regulation and wind curtailment.Next,a forecast method for wind power scenarios is given.Finally,the proposed model is verified by comparing with other dispatch models that are based on single forecast scenario.The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method with less wind curtailment,generator regulation,and operational cost.In addition,the penalty factors are set as parameters and the influences on the generators’regulation and wind curtailment are analyzed,providing the reference for system operators with different regulatory purposes. | Jinghua Li Jiakun Fang Jinyu Wen Yi Pan Qiang Ding | 2015 | CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems2015，1，4： | 12 |
| 17 | DAZL is a master translational regulator of murine spermatogenesis显示文摘Expression of DAZ-like(DAZL)is a hallmark of vertebrate germ cells,and is essential for embryonic germ cell development and differentiation,yet the gametogenic function of DAZL has not been fully characterized and most of its in vivo direct targets remain unknown.We showed that postnatal stage-specific deletion of Dazl in mouse germ cells did not affect female fertility,but caused complete male sterility with gradual loss of spermatogonial stem cells,meiotic arrest and spermatid arrest.Using the genome-wide high-throughput sequencing of RNAs isolated by cross-linking immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry approach,we found that DAZL bound to a large number of testicular mRNA transcripts(at least 3008)at the 3′-untranslated region and interacted with translation proteins including poly(A)binding protein.In the absence of DAZL,polysome-associated target transcripts,but not their total transcripts,were significantly decreased,resulting in a drastic reduction of an array of spermatogenic proteins and thus developmental arrest.Thus,DAZL is a master translational regulator essential for spermatogenesis. | Haixin Li Zhuqing Liang Jian Yang Dan Wang Hanben Wang Mengyi Zhu Baobao Geng Eugene Yujun Xu | 2019 | National Science Review2019，6，3： | 11 |
| 18 | Battery Technologies for Grid-Level Large-Scale Electrical Energy Storage显示文摘Grid-level large-scale electrical energy storage(GLEES) is an essential approach for balancing the supply–demand of electricity generation, distribution, and usage. Compared with conventional energy storage methods, battery technologies are desirable energy storage devices for GLEES due to their easy modularization, rapid response, flexible installation, and short construction cycles. In general, battery energy storage technologies are expected to meet the requirements of GLEES such as peak shaving and load leveling, voltage and frequency regulation, and emergency response, which are highlighted in this perspective. Furthermore, several types of battery technologies, including lead–acid, nickel–cadmium, nickel–metal hydride, sodium–sulfur, lithium-ion, and flow batteries, are discussed in detail for the application of GLEES. Moreover, some possible developing directions to facilitate efforts in this area are presented to establish a perspective on battery technology, provide a road map for guiding future studies, and promote the commercial application of batteries for GLEES. | Xiayue Fan Bin Liu Jie Liu Jia Ding Xiaopeng Han Yida Deng Xiaojun Lv Ying Xie Bing Chen Wenbin Hu Cheng Zhong | 2020 | Transactions of Tianjin University2020，26，2： | 11 |
| 19 | The function and potential drug targets of tumour-associated Tregs for cancer immunotherapy显示文摘Regulatory T cells(Tregs) play an important role in maintaining self-tolerance and immune homeostasis, but they also play a negative role in evoking effective antitumour immune responses. There is ample evidence indicating that the depletion of Tregs or the inhibition of Treg function will enhance antitumour effects. However, it is unclear which surface molecules of Tregs are suitable targets for tumour immunotherapy with minimal toxic side effects, which is a central theme in the field of Treg-targeted immunotherapy. In this review, we focus on the regulatory mechanisms of Tregs, including intrinsic and extrinsic factors within the tumour microenvironment, and we address potential drug targets on Tregs for immunotherapy. | Shanshan Yan Yaguang Zhang Bing Sun | 2019 | Science China(Life Sciences)2019，62，2： | 11 |
| 20 | The chromosome-level reference genome assembly for Panax notoginseng and insights into ginsenoside biosynthesis显示文摘Panax notoginseng,a perennial herb of the genus Panax in the family Araliaceae,has played an important role in clinical treatment in China for thousands of years because of its extensive pharmacological effects.Here,we report a high-quality reference genome of P.notoginseng,with a genome size up to 2.66 Gb and a contig N50 of 1.12 Mb,produced with third-generation PacBio sequencing technology.This is the first chromosome-level genome assembly for the genus Panax.Through genome evolution analysis,we explored phylogenetic and whole-genome duplication events and examined their impact on saponin biosynthesis.We performed a detailed transcriptional analysis of P.notoginseng and explored genelevel mechanisms that regulate the formation of characteristic tubercles.Next,we studied the biosynthesis and regulation of saponins at temporal and spatial levels.We combined multi-omics data to identify genes that encode key enzymes in the P.notoginseng terpenoid biosynthetic pathway.Finally,we identified five glycosyltransferase genes whose products catalyzed the formation of different ginsenosides in P.notoginseng.The genetic information obtained in this study provides a resource for further exploration of the growth characteristics,cultivation,breeding,and saponin biosynthesis of P.notoginseng. | Zhouqian Jiang Lichan Tu Weifei Yang Yifeng Zhang Tianyuan Hu Baowei Ma Yun Lu Xiuming Cui Jie Gao Xiaoyi Wu Yuru Tong Jiawei Zhou Yadi Song Yuan Liu Nan Liu Luqi Huang Wei Gao | 2021 | Plant Communications2021，2，1： | 11 |
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