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| 1 | ANNUAL DISTRIBUTION FEATURES OF PRECIPITATION IN CHINA AND THEIR INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS显示文摘The hierarchy and definition of the precipitation-concentration degree and precipitation-concentration period of annual precipitation have been proposed by using the so-called vectormethod of annual distribution of precipitation,so that the two relevant parameters can representthe annual distribution of total precipitation correctly and indeed accurately.The relationshipbetween the spatial and temporal distribution patterns and variations of the two parameters and theannual precipitation amount in China has been further investigated.Results demonstrate that theprecipitation-concentration degree and the precipitation-concentration period increase fromsoutheast to northwest gradually.Moreover there obviously exists a belt pattern:the largestvariability of the precipitation-concentration degree and the precipitation-concentration periodoccurs in the Yellow River Valley and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,corresponding to the significant zones in which flood and drought take place frequently.It is foundthat there exist high correlations between the precipitation-concentration degree and precipitation-concentration period and the annual precipitation amount in Northeast China,North China,themiddle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.Furthermore,8-year and 22-year periodic oscillations in the precipitation-concentration degreeand 6-year and 12-year cycles in the precipitation-concentration period are identified by use of theirMorlet wavelet analysis. | 张录军 钱永甫 | 2003 | Acta meteorologica Sinica2003，17，2： | 112 |
| 2 | Remarks on Urban Spatial Growth Management Research | CHEN Jinfu,Professor,Director,Teaching & Research Office on Urban Planning,Architecture and Urban Planning School,Huazhong University of Science and Technology PhD Candidate,College of Public Administration,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,P.R.China.REN Lijuan,Postgraduate,Architecture and Urban Planning School,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,P.R.China.YU Cheng,Postgraduate,Architecture and Urban Planning School,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,P.R.China.XU Xiaolei,Postgraduate,Architecture and Urban Planning School,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,P.R.China.LI Xinyan,Lecturer,Architecture and Urban Planning School,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,P.R.China. | 2010 | China City Planning Review2010，19，2： | 180 |
| 3 | Study on spatial pattern of land-use change in China during 1995—2000显示文摘It is more and more acknowledged that land-use/cover dynamic change has become a key subject urgently to be dealt with in the study of global environmental change. Supported by the Landsat TM digital images, spatial patterns and temporal variation of land-use change during 1995—2000 are studied in the paper. According to the land-use dynamic degree model, supported by the 1km GRID data of land-use change and the comprehensive characters of physical, economic and social features, a dynamic regionalization of land-use change is designed to disclose the spa-tial pattern of land-use change processes. Generally speaking, in the traditional agricultural zones, e.g., Huang-Huai-Hai Plains, Yangtze River Delta and Sichuan Basin, the built-up and residential areas occupy a great proportion of arable land, and in the interlock area of farming and pasturing of northern China and the oases agricultural zones, the reclamation of arable land is conspicuously driven by changes of production conditions, economic benefits and climatic conditions. The im-plementation of returning arable land into woodland or grassland policies has won initial success in some areas, but it is too early to say that the trend of deforestation has been effectively reversed across China. In this paper, the division of dynamic regionalization of land-use change is designed, for the sake of revealing the temporal and spatial features of land-use change and laying the foundation for the study of regional scale land-use changes. Moreover, an integrated study, in-cluding studies of spatial pattern and temporal process of land-use change, is carried out in this paper, which is an interesting try on the comparative studies of spatial pattern on change process and the change process of spatial pattern of land-use change. | 刘纪远 刘明亮 庄大方 张增祥 邓祥征 | 2003 | Science China Earth Sciences2003，46，4： | 69 |
| 4 | 基于HHT和CSSD的多域融合自适应脑电特征提取方法显示文摘为改善运动想象脑电信号特征提取的自适应性和实时性,提出一种基于希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)与共空域子空间分解算法(CSSD)的特征提取方法(HCSSD).在对脑电信号进行预处理的基础上,定义一种相对距离准则优选脑电极组合;计算脑电的Hilbert瞬时能量谱和边际能量谱,以获取脑电的时-频特征,并基于CSSD提取其空域特征,采用串行特征融合策略得到脑电的时-频-空特征;设计学习矢量量化神经网络分类器,实现脑电数据分类.在训练集与测试集间隔一周且减少导联数量的情况下,基于HCSSD对左手小指和舌头的运动想象ECoG脑电数据的平均识别率为92%.实验结果表明:HCSSD在增强特征提取方法的自适应性、改善实时性的同时,提高了脑电信号识别率,为便携式BCI系统在康复领域的应用创造了条件. | 李明爱 崔燕 杨金福 郝冬梅 | 2013 | 电子学报2013，41，12： | 36 |
| 5 | 基于GIS的空间数据库构建与应用研究显示文摘GIS在空间数据和属性数据一体化存储和管理方面的能力有限,而空间数据库技术可以较好地弥补GIS这一不足。本文详细给出了利用OracleSpatial与MapInfo相结合构建空间数据库的方法和过程,并介绍了空间数据库的一些应用。 | 崔阳 王华 乔淑娟 | 2006 | 微计算机信息2006，22，02X： | 32 |
| 6 | Above-and belowground biomass in relation to envi- ronmental factors in temperate grasslands, Inner Mongolia显示文摘Above- and belowground biomasses of grasslands are important parameters for characterizing re- gional and global carbon cycles in grassland ecosystems. Compared with the relatively detailed in- formation for aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB) is poorly reported at the re- gional scales. The present study, based on a total of 113 sampling sites in temperate grassland of the Inner Mongolia, investigated regional distribution patterns of AGB, BGB, vertical distribution of roots, and their relationships with environmental factors. AGB and BGB increased from the southwest to the northeast of the study region. The largest biomass occurred in meadow steppe, with mean AGB and BGB of 196.7 and 1385.2 g/m2, respectively; while the lowest biomass occurred in desert steppe, with an AGB of 56.6 g/m2 and a BGB of 301.0 g/m2. In addition, about 47% of root biomass was distributed in the top 10 cm soil. Further statistical analysis indicated that precipitation was the primary determinant factor in shaping these distribution patterns. Vertical distribution of roots was significantly affected by precipitation, while the effects of soil texture and grassland types were weak. | MA WenHong1,2, YANG YuanHe1, HE JinSheng1, ZENG Hui1,2 & FANG JingYun1 1 Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2 School of Environment & Urban Study, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China | 2008 | Science China(Life Sciences)2008，51，3： | 34 |
| 7 | 基于InVEST生境质量模型与景观格局指数的山地植物多样性变化研究——以甘肃白龙江流域为例(英文)显示文摘Mountains in western China, hosted rich biodiversity and millions of people and inhabitant with vital ecosystem services, had experienced the most serious biodiversity loss with fragile ecological problems. Even though increasing attentions had been paid to this issue, we still lacked efficient methods to assess the change of plant biodiversity at medium/large scale due to the poor data and co-existing multiple habitat types. This study proposed an integrated method combining InVEST-habitat quality model, NPP and landscape pattern indexes to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of plant biodiversity and its spatiotemporal change on raster cell scale. The results indicated that plant biodiversity service was high in Bailongjiang watershed with obvious spatial pattern variations. The land area containing higher plant biodiversity were 3161 km2, which mainly distributed in the National Nature Reserve and forestry area. While the areas with lower plant biodiversity accounted for 37.67% and mainly distributed in the valleys between Zhouqu-Wudu-Wenxian County, the valley of Minjiang in Tanchang County and alpine mountain snow-covered regions. During 1990–2010, plant biodiversity level tended to increase and the higher plant biodiversity area increased from 14.13% to 17.15% due to ecological restoration and afforestation, while plant biodiversity decreased in the area with intensive human activities, such as cultivated land, urban and rural land. The results showed that combining InVEST-habitat quality model, NPP and landscape pattern indexes can effective reveal mountain plant biodiversity change. The study was useful for plant biodiversity conservation policy-making and human activity management for the disaster-impacted mountainous areas in China. | 巩杰 谢余初 曹二佳 黄秋燕 李红瑛 | 2019 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2019，29，7： | 29 |
| 8 | Study of spatial distribution of sandy desertification in North China in recent 10 years显示文摘Sandy desertification is a land degradation characterized by wind erosion, mainly resulted from the excessive human activities in arid, semiarid and part of sub-humid regions in North China. It is one of main kinds of desertification/land degradation as well as water-soil erosion and salinization in China. Rapid and continuous spread of sandy desertification during last 50 years has created a major environmental and socio-economic problem in North China. Remote sensing monitored results in 2000 showed that the sandy desertified land area has been 38.57×104 km2. The area of potential to slightly sandy desertified land is 13.93×104 km2, moderately land 9.977×104 km2, severely land 7.909×104 km2 and very severely land 6.756×104km2. Sandy desertification mainly occurs in the semi-arid mixed farming-grazing zone and its northern rangeland zone, semi-arid dryland rainfed cropping zone and arid oasis-desert margin zone. The average annually developmental rate of sandy desertified land increased from 2,100tion in North China is 'overall deterioration, while local rehabilitation'. Already achieved rehabilitation results and monitoring assessment show that about 60% of desertified land in North China can be restored under the conditions of rational land-use ways and intensity. | WANG Tao, WU Wei, XUE Xian, SUN Qingwei & CHEN GuangtingKey Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China Department of Environment Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，z1： | 28 |
| 9 | 华北克拉通东北缘岩石圈深部物质组成的不均一性:来自吉林南部中生代火山岩元素及Sr-Nd同位素地球化学的证据显示文摘本文报导了吉林南部果松组和三棵榆树组火山岩的全岩K-Ar和角闪石^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar定年结果和岩石地球化学资料,并讨论了吉林南部早白垩世火山岩岩浆源区性质以及空间变异。定年结果显示,果松组和三棵榆树纽火山岩的形成时代分别为130.2±0.3Ma和118.3±1.9Ma。果松组火山岩主要由玄武岩-玄武质粗面安山岩-粗面安山岩-英安岩组成;它们的SiO_2含量介于46%~64%,Mg~#介于31~50之间,Al_2O_3含量介于14.9%~18.9%之间,全碱含量(Na_2O+K_2O)介于4.61%~9.23%之间,属于亚碱性系列,具钙碱性演化趋势;并以富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs)和轻稀土元素(LREEs),亏损重稀土元素(HREEs)和Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素(HFSEs)为特征;(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)_i值和ε_(Nd)(t)值分别介于0.7065~0.7077和-2.67~ -19.71之间。果松组火山岩的成分具有较好的空间变异趋势,由东向西,火山岩的基性程度增高,东部果松组火山岩具有较高的(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)。值,而西部具有较低的ε_(Nd)(t)值。三棵榆树组火山岩由粗面安山岩和粗面英安岩组成;三棵榆树组火山岩的SiO_2含量介于55.5%~65.8%之间,Mg~#介于42~50,Al_2O_3含量介于15.0%~15.7%,全碱含量偏高(Na_2O+K_2O=6.93%~9.24%),主体属于亚碱性系列,具钙碱性系列的演化趋势;并以较高的Th/U(5.36~5.82)、Ba/Nh(50.2~120.0)、(La/Yh)_N(32.9~47.9)和Sr/Y(50.0~72.4)比值为特征;它们的(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)_i值和ε_(Nd)(t)值分别变化于0.7056~0.7057和-8.99~-19.71之间。上述特征揭示,果松组火山岩(130Ma)的形成主要与古太平洋板块的俯冲作用有关,岩浆来源于受流体/熔体交代的地幔楔,东西部受到不同程度陆壳物质的混染。与果松组火山岩相比,三棵榆树组火山岩(118Ma)形成于俯冲背景下的相对引张环境,岩浆来源于受交代的岩石圈地幔,但受到深部陆壳物质的混染。 | 裴福萍 许文良 杨德彬 于洋 孟恩 | 2009 | 岩石学报2009，25，8： | 28 |
| 10 | Oracle Spatial空间数据库的设计及应用显示文摘随着“数字城市”、“数字区域”建设的大力开展,地理信息系统需处理海量的空间数据与属性数据。而目前,两者分开的存储方式不利于数据间的共享与互操作,因此空间数据的数据库存储及此模式下应用系统的开发成为研究的热点与难点。基于此,本文介绍了OracleSpatial中空间数据的存储、管理模式,给出了VB6 . 0环境下用MapX访问空间数据库的方法,讨论了基于OracleSpatial空间数据库的应用系统开发中,空间分析的一般编程方法。 | 梁鸿 丁仁伟 郑红霞 | 2005 | 测绘科学2005，30，3： | 24 |
| 11 | 基于Oracle Spatial空间数据库的GIS数据管理显示文摘分析了Oracle Spatial对空间数据存储管理的方法,重点分析了Oracle Spatial采用的空间数据的存储结构、空间数据模型、空间坐标系、空间索引机制以及Oracle Spatial的元数据结构,最后总结了在Oracle Spatial中利用对象———关系模型和元数据表来存储管理空间数据的机制。 | 姚力波 王仁礼 | 2006 | 测绘与空间地理信息2006，29，2： | 24 |
| 12 | 基于ArcGIS Engine的城市基础地理信息数据库系统开发研究显示文摘城市1∶500基础地理信息数据具有数据量大、要素复杂、应用服务面广的特点,因而城市1∶500数据库系统的建设面临着空间数据库的选择和设计、空间数据的组织和表现以及不同平台用户共享访问的难点问题。本文利用Oracle Spatial数据库技术实现了海量数据的存储和管理,研究了空间数据在Oracle数据库中的互操作以及空间数据的符号化表示问题,解决了跨平台用户的共享访问问题,介绍了基于ArcGIS Engine的城市基础地理信息数据库系统的研发应用,阐述了系统的体系结构和系统的基本功能,并简要介绍了ArcGIS Engine技术及其在系统中的应用。 | 何建国 吕从 刘伟 王杰 | 2007 | 测绘科学2007，32，4： | 22 |
| 13 | Spatiotemporal dynamics of aboveground primary productivity along a precipitation gradient in Chinese temperate grassland显示文摘Investigating the spatial and temporal variance in productivity along natural precipitation gradients is one of the most efficient approaches to improve understanding of how ecosystems respond to climate change. In this paper, by using the natural precipitation gradient of the Inner Mongolian Plateau from east to west determined by relatively long-term observations, we analyzed the temporal and spatial dynamics of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of the temperate grasslands covering this region. Across this grassland transect, ANPP increased exponentially with the increase of mean annual precipitation (MAP) (ANPP=24.47e0.005MAP, R2=0.48). Values for the three vegetation types desert steppe, typical steppe, and meadow steppe were: 60.86 gm-2a-1, 167.14 gm-2a-1 and 288.73 gm-2a-1 respectively. By contrast, temperature had negative effects on ANPP. The moisture index (K ), which takes into ac- count both precipitation and temperature could explain the spatial variance of ANPP better than MAP alone (ANPP=2020.34K1.24, R2=0.57). Temporally, we found that the inter-annual variation in ANPP (cal- culated as the coefficient of variation, CV) got greater with the increase of aridity. However, this trend was not correlated with the inter-annual variation of precipitation. For all of the three vegetation types, ANPP had greater inter-annual variation than annual precipitation (PPT). Their difference (ANPP CV/PPT CV) was greatest in desert steppe and least in meadow steppe. Our results suggest that in more arid regions, grasslands not only have lower productivity, but also higher inter-annual variation of production. Climate change may have significant effects on the productivity through changes in precipitation pattern, vegetation growth potential, and species diversity. | HU ZhongMin FAN JiangWen ZHONG HuaPing YU GuiRui | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，5： | 23 |
| 14 | SA综合测量软件在兰州重离子加速器准直测量中的应用显示文摘本文介绍了SA图形化测量平台软件在加速器准直方面的应用。目前兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环采用SA软件协作下的激光跟踪仪测量三维控制网,快速地完成了设备的标定、准直安装、监测等准直测量任务,最终安装误差达到0.135mm。 | 蔡国柱 满开第 张小奇 陈文军 王少明 袁建东 | 2013 | 测绘科学2013，38，4： | 21 |
| 15 | 1982-2013年中国植被NDVI空间异质性的气候影响(英文)显示文摘Climate change is a major driver of vegetation activity, and thus their complex processes become a frontier and difficulty in global change research. To understand this relationship between climate change and vegetation activity, the spatial distribution and dynamic characteristics of the response of NDVI to climate change were investigated by the geographically weighted regression(GWR) model during 1982 to 2013 in China. This model was run based on the combined datasets of satellite vegetation index(NDVI) and climate observation(temperature and moisture) from meteorological stations nationwide. The results showed that the spatial non-stationary relationship between NDVI and surface temperature has appeared in China: the significant negative temperature-vegetation relationship was located in Northeast, Northwest and Southeast China, while the positive correlation was more concentrated from southwest to northeast. By comparing the normalized regression coefficients from GWR model for different climate factors, it presented the regions with moisture dominants for NDVI were in North China and the Tibetan Plateau, and the areas of temperature dominants were distributed in East, Central and Southwest China, where the annual mean maximum temperature accounted for the largest areas. In addition, regression coefficients from GWR model between NDVI dynamics and climate variability indicated that the higher warming rate could result in the weakened vegetation activity through some mechanisms such as enhanced drought, while the moisture variability could mediate the hydrothermal conditions for the variation of vegetation activity. When the increasing rate of photosynthesis exceeded that of respiration, the positive correlation between vegetation dynamics and climate variability was reflected. However, the continuous and dynamic process of vegetation activity response to climate change will be determined by spatially heterogeneous conditions in climate change and vegetation cover. Furthermore, the dynamic description of climate-induced vegetation activity from its rise to decline in different regions is expected to provide a scientific basis for initiating ecosystem-based adaptation strategies in response to global climate change. | 高江波 焦珂伟 吴绍洪 | 2019 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2019，29，10： | 21 |
| 16 | Collision free 4D path planning for multiple UAVs based on spatial refined voting mechanism and PSO approach显示文摘In this paper, a four-dimensional coordinated path planning algorithm for multiple UAVs is proposed, in which time variable is taken into account for each UAV as well as collision free and obstacle avoidance. A Spatial Refined Voting Mechanism(SRVM) is designed for standard Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) to overcome the defects of local optimal and slow convergence.For each generation candidate particle positions are recorded and an adaptive cube is formed with own adaptive side length to indicate occupied regions. Then space voting begins and is sorted based on voting results, whose centers with bigger voting counts are seen as sub-optimal positions. The average of all particles of corresponding dimensions are calculated as the refined solutions. A time coordination method is developed by generating specified candidate paths for every UAV, making them arrive the same destination with the same time consumption. A spatial-temporal collision avoidance technique is introduced to make collision free. Distance to destination is constructed to improve the searching accuracy and velocity of particles. In addition, the objective function is redesigned by considering the obstacle and threat avoidance, Estimated Time of Arrival(ETA), separation maintenance and UAV self-constraints. Experimental results prove the effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm. | Yang LIU Xuejun ZHANG Yu ZHANG Xiangmin GUAN | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2019，32，6： | 20 |
| 17 | Spatial characteristics of changes in temperature and precipitation of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau显示文摘Based on monthly mean temperature and precipitation, the changing processes and tendencies of temperature and precipitation in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau from 1950s to the early 1990s are analysed. The change of temperature in the past 40 a is almost unanimous on the spatial scale. The first area becoming warmer is the southeastern Tibet. The plateau is divided into 5 parts according to the change of temperature, and 9 parts according to the change of precipitation. For the past 40a some area has been warmer and drier, others warmer and wetter. | 林振耀 赵昕奕 | 1996 | Science China Earth Sciences1996，39，4： | 20 |
| 18 | Spatial variability of soil total nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in Renshou County of Sichuan Basin,China显示文摘Understanding soil nutrient distributions and the factors affecting them are crucial for fertilizer management and environmental protection in vulnerable ecological regions.Based on 555 soil samples collected in 2012 in Renshou County,located in the purple soil hilly area of Sichuan Basin,China,the spatial variability of soil total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP)and total potassium(TK)was studied with geostatistical analysis and the relative roles of the affecting factors were quantified using regression analysis.The means of TN,TP and TK contents were 1.12,0.82 and 9.64 g kg^(–1),respectively.The coefficients of variation ranged from 30.56 to 38.75%and the nugget/sill ratios ranged from 0.45 to 0.61,indicating that the three soil nutrients had moderate variability and spatial dependence.Two distribution patterns were observed.TP and TK were associated with patterns of obvious spatial distribution trends while the spatial distribution of TN was characterized by higher variability.Soil group,land use type and topographic factors explained 26.5,35.6 and 8.4%of TN variability,respectively,with land use being the dominant factor.Parent material,soil group,land use type and topographic factors explained 17.5,10.7,12.0 and 5.0%of TP variability,respectively,and both parent material and land use type played important roles.Only parent material and soil type contributed to TK variability and could explain 25.1 and 13.7%of TK variability,respectively.More attention should focus on adopting reasonable land use types for the purposes of fertilizer management and consider the different roles of the affecting factors at the landscape scale in this purple soil hilly area. | GAO Xue-song XIAO Yi DENG Liang-ji LI Qi-quan WANG Chang-quan LI Bing DENG Ou-ping ZENG Min | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2019，18，2： | 19 |
| 19 | 业扩报装空间辅助决策支持系统的设计与实现显示文摘在开发传统的电力业扩报装系统的基础上,运用面向对象的分析方法,采用插件式的开发方式,实现了管理信息系统(MIS)与地理信息系统(GIS)的结合,使GIS为传统MIS提供了强大的空间数据支持,提出了业扩报装空间辅助决策支持系统的设计思想和实现方式。系统采用Oracle Spatial作为后台数据库,运用大系统控制论建立了电力综合数据库、方法库、模型库和知识库协同系统,实现了协同工作模式下的业务流灵活配置和流程执行的实时跟踪,将模型库及其管理系统引入GIS,在改进的迪杰斯特拉算法和A启发式算法的基础上,结合决策树分类算法实现了最优报装解决方案的自动生成。此外,还阐述了系统实现时的关键技术,如空间数据与属性数据的关联等,具有一定的理论意义和广阔的应用前景。 | 卢明珠 王熙照 霍建兵 | 2006 | 电力系统自动化2006，30，17： | 18 |
| 20 | Spatial patterns of urban land use growth in Beijing显示文摘By using digitized land use maps of Beijing in 1982, 1992 and 1997 and employing GIS spatial analysis techniques, this paper conducts an empirical study on the spatial differentiation and spatial patterns of urban land use growth in Beijing in the period of 1982-1997. It is observed that urban land use growth in Beijing went beyond the control of urban planning, in terms of the extraordinary high growth rate and undesired spatial pattern. The rate of urban expansion after 1982, which was predominated by growth of industrial land, was extraordinary high compared to its historical period. While its growth centers have been actively shifting toward the northern part, rather than toward the southern and eastern parts as designated by the latest General Plan (1991-2010) of Beijing, its spatial pattern of urban land use growth in general was in distinct concentric sprawl, which seriously violated the General Plan of Beijing. | LIU Shenghe, Sylvia Prielei, LI Xiubin(1. Inst. of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China 2. International Institute for Applied System Analysis, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria) | 2002 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2002，12，3： | 17 |
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