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| 1 | Malnutrition in cirrhosis:More food for thought显示文摘Malnutrition is highly prevalent in liver cirrhosis and its presence carries important prognostic implications.The clinical conditions and pathophysiological mechanisms that cause malnutrition in cirrhosis are multiple and interrelated.Anorexia and liver decompensation symptoms lead to poor dietary intake;metabolic changes characterised by elevated energy expenditure,reduced glycogen storage,an accelerated starvation response and protein catabolism result in muscle and fat wasting;and,malabsorption renders the cirrhotic patient unable to fully absorb or utilise food that has been consumed.Malnutrition is therefore a considerable challenge to manage effectively,particularly as liver disease progresses.A high energy,high protein diet is recognised as standard of care,yet patients struggle to follow this recommendation and there is limited evidence to guide malnutrition interventions in cirrhosis and liver transplantation.In this review,we seek to detail the factors which contribute to poor nutritional status in liver disease,and highlight complexities far greater than“poor appetite”or“reduced oral intake”leading to malnutrition.We also discuss management strategies to optimise nutritional status in this patient group,which target the inter-related mechanisms unique to advanced liver disease.Finally,future research requirements are suggested,to develop effective treatments for one of the most common and debilitating complications afflicting cirrhotic patients. | Brooke Chapman Marie Sinclair Paul J Gow Adam G Testro | 2020 | World Journal of Hepatology2020，12，11： | 8 |
| 2 | Acclimation response of spring wheat in a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) atmosphere with variable soil nitrogen regimes: Net assimilation and stomatal conductance of leaves 显示文摘 | Wall GW Adam NR Brooks TJ | 2001 | Photosynthesis Research2001，66，： | 1 |
| 3 | Reducing defects in remelting processes for high-performance alloys显示文摘 | James A. Avyle John A. Brooks Adam C. Powell | 1998 | JOM1998，，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Is a T-tube Necessary after Common Bile Duct Exploration?显示文摘 | Irfan Ahmed Charita Pradhan Ian J. Beckingham Adam J. Brooks Brian J. Rowlands Dileep N. Lobo | 2008 | World Journal of Surgery2008，，7： | 1 |
| 5 | Sub-critical flux fouling in membrane bioreactors recent literature a review of recent literature显示文摘 | Alfieri Pollice Adam Brookes | 2005 | Desalination2005，174，： | 1 |
| 6 | The Effect of Hepatic Vascular Inflow Occlusion on Liver Tissue pH, Carbon Dioxide, and Oxygen Partial Pressures: Defining the Optimal Clamp/Release Regime for Intermittent Portal Clamping显示文摘 | Adam J. Brooks John S. Hammond Keith Girling Ian J. Beckingham | 2007 | Journal of Surgical Research2007，，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Pancreatic Trauma-Injuries to the Pancreas and Pancreatic Duct显示文摘 | Kenneth D Boffard Adam J Brooks | 2000 | Eur J Surg2000，166，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Effects of NO2 alone and in combination with O3 on young men and women显示文摘 | Adams WC Brookes KA Schelegle ES | 1987 | J Appl Physiol1987，62，： | 1 |
| 9 | Acclimation response of spring wheat in a free-air CO2 enrichment ( FACE ) atmosphere with variable soil nitrogen regimes: Net assimilation and stomatal conductance of leaves 显示文摘 | Wall G W Adam N R Brooks T J | 2000 | Photosynthesis Research2000，66，： | 1 |
| 10 | Evaluation of indicated risk prevention approaches for potiential high school dropouts显示文摘 | Elaine Adams Thompson Leona L Eggert Brooke P Randell | 2001 | American Journal of Public Health2001，91，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Reducing defects in remelting processes for high-performance alloys显示文摘 | James A. Avyle John A. Brooks Adam C. Powell | 1998 | JOM1998，，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Leaf nitrogen concentration of wheat subjected to elevated and either water or N deficits 显示文摘 | Sinclair T R Pinter P J Kimball B A Adamsen F J LaMorte R L Wall G W Hunsaker D l Adam N Brooks T J Garcia R L Thompson T Leavitt S Matthias A | 2000 | Agriculture Ecosystem & Environment2000，79，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Impact of Weight Loss on Physical Function with Changes in Strength, Muscle Mass, and Muscle Fat Infiltration in Overweight to Moderately Obese Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial显示文摘 | Adam J. Santanasto Nancy W. Glynn Mark A. Newman Christopher A. Taylor Maria Mori Brooks Bret H. Goodpaster Anne B. Newman Robert J. Ross | 2010 | Journal of Obesity2010，，： | 1 |
| 14 | Sub - critical Flux Fouling in Membrane Bioreactors 显示文摘 | Alfieri Pollice Adam Brookes Bruce Jefferson | 2005 | Desalination2005，174，： | 1 |
| 15 | Free-air CO 2 enrichment effects on the energy balance and evapotranspiration of sorghum显示文摘 | J.M Triggs B.A Kimball P.J Pinter G.W Wall M.M Conley T.J Brooks R.L LaMorte N.R Adam M.J Ottman A.D Matthias S.W Leavitt R.S Cerveny | 2004 | Agricultural and Forest Meteorology2004，，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Almost alternating links显示文摘 | ADAMS C C BROOK J F BUGBEE John | 1992 | Topology and Its Applications1992，46，： | 1 |
| 17 | Pericardial Fat Is Associated With Atrial Fibrillation Severity and Ablation Outcome显示文摘 | Christopher X. Wong Hany S. Abed Payman Molaee Adam J. Nelson Anthony G. Brooks Gautam Sharma Darryl P. Leong Dennis H. Lau Melissa E. Middeldorp Kurt C. Roberts-Thomson Gary A. Wittert Walter P. Abhayaratna Stephen G. Worthley Prashanthan Sanders | 2011 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2011，，17： | 1 |
| 18 | Shunting,optic nerve sheath fenestration and dural venous stenting for medically refractory idiopathic intracranial hypertension:systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘Background:Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)-diversion procedures have traditionally been the standard of treatment for patients with medically refractive idiopathic intracranial hypertension(IIH).However,dural venous sinus stent(VSS)placement has been described as a safe and effective procedure for the management of medically refractive IIH.We performed a meta-analysis comparing outcomes and complications of CSF-diversion procedures,VSS and optic nerve sheath fenestration(ONSF)for the treatment of medically refractive IIH.Methods:Electronic searches were performed using six databases from 1988 to January 2017.Data was extracted and meta-analysed from the identified studies.Results:From 55 pooled studies,there were 538 CSF-diversion cases,224 dural venous stent placements,and 872 ONSF procedures.Similar improvements were found in terms of postoperative headaches(CSF vs.VSS vs.ONSF:84%vs.78%vs.62%,P=0.223),papilledema(CSF vs.VSS vs.ONSF:71%vs.86%vs.77%,P=0.192),whilst visual acuity changes favored venous stenting(CSF vs.VSS vs.ONSF:55%vs.69%vs.44%,P=0.037).There was a significantly lower rate of subsequent procedures with venous stent placement(CSF vs.VSS vs.ONSF:37%vs.13%vs.18%,P<0.001),but other complication rates were similar(CSF vs.VSS vs.ONSF:13%vs.8%vs.14%,P=0.28).Subgroup analysis of lumbar-peritoneal vs.ventriculoperitoneal shunts found no differences in symptom improvements,complications and subsequent procedure rates.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that dural venous sinus stenting may be a viable alternative to traditional surgical interventions in patients who are refractory to medical treatment. | Daniel B.Scherman Adam A.Dmytriw Gia Thanh Nguyen Nhan Thi Nguyen Nana Tchantchaleishvili Julian Maingard Hamed Asadi Mark Brooks Christoph Griessenauer Christopher Ogilvy Ajith J.Thomas Justin M.Moore Kevin Phan | 2018 | Annals of Eye Science2018，，1： | 0 |
| 19 | Pancreas preserving distal duodenectomy: A versatile operation for a range of infra-papillary pathologies显示文摘AIM To investigate the range of pathologies treated by pancreas preserving distal duodenectomy(PPDD) and present the outcome of follow-up.METHODS Neoplastic lesions of the duodenum are treated conventionally by pancreaticoduodenectomy. Lesions distal to the major papilla may be suitable for a pancreas-preserving distal duodenectomy, potentially reducing morbidity and mortality. We present our experience with this procedure. Selective intraoperative duodenoscopy assessed the relationship of the papilla to the lesion. After duodenal mobilisation and confirmation of the site of the lesion, the duodenumwas transected distal to the papilla and beyond the duodenojejunal flexure and a side-to-side duodenojejunal anastomosis was formed. Patients were identified from a prospectively maintained database and outcomes determined from digital health records with a dataset including demographics, co-morbidities, mode of presentation, preoperative imaging and assessment, nutritional support needs, technical operative details, blood transfusion requirements, length of stay, pathology including lymph node yield and lymph node involvement, length of follow-up, complications and outcomes. Related published literature was also reviewed. RESULTS Twenty-four patients had surgery with the intent of performing PPDD from 2003 to 2016. Nineteen underwent PPDD successfully. Two patients planned for PPDD proceeded to formal pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD) while three had unresectable disease. Median post-operative follow-up was 32 mo. Pathologies resected included duodenal adenocarcinoma(n = 6), adenomas(n = 5), gastrointestinal stromal tumours(n = 4) and lipoma, bleeding duodenal diverticulum, locally advanced colonic adenocarcinoma and extrinsic compression(n = 1 each). Median postoperative length of stay(LOS) was 8 d and morbidity was low [pain and nausea/vomiting(n = 2), anastomotic stricture(n = 1), pneumonia(n = 1), and overwhelming postsplenectomy sepsis(n = 1, asplenic patient)]. PPDD was associated with a significantly shorter LOS than a contemporaneous PD series [PPDD 8(6-14) d vs PD 11(10-16) d, median(IQR), P = 0.026]. The 30-d mortality was zero and 16 of 19 patients are alive to date. One patient died of recurrent duodenal adenocarcinoma 18 mo postoperatively and two died of unrelated disease(at 2 mo and at 8 years respectively).CONCLUSION PPDD is a versatile operation that can provide definitive treatment for a range of duodenal pathologies including adenocarcinoma. | W Kyle Mitchell Pradeep F Thomas Abed M Zaitoun Adam J Brooks Dileep N Lobo | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，23： | 0 |
| 20 | Rapid,high-resolution detection of environmental change over continental scales from satellite data–the Earth Observation Data Cube显示文摘The effort and cost required to convert satellite Earth Observation(EO)data into meaningful geophysical variables has prevented the systematic analysis of all available observations.To overcome these problems,we utilise an integrated High Performance Computing and Data environment to rapidly process,restructure and analyse the Australian Landsat data archive.In this approach,the EO data are assigned to a common grid framework that spans the full geospatial and temporal extent of the observations–the EO Data Cube.This approach is pixel-based and incorporates geometric and spectral calibration and quality assurance of each Earth surface reflectance measurement.We demonstrate the utility of the approach with rapid time-series mapping of surface water across the entire Australian continent using 27 years of continuous,25 m resolution observations.Our preliminary analysis of the Landsat archive shows how the EO Data Cube can effectively liberate high-resolution EO data from their complex sensor-specific data structures and revolutionise our ability to measure environmental change. | Adam Lewis Leo Lymburner Matthew B.J.Purss Brendan Brooke Ben Evans Alex Ip Arnold G.Dekker James R.Irons Stuart Minchin Norman Mueller Simon Oliver Dale Roberts Barbara Ryan Medhavy Thankappan Rob Woodcock Lesley Wyborn | 2016 | International Journal of Digital Earth2016，9，1： | 0 |
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