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| 1 | Peripheral T-lymphocyte subpopulations in different clinical stages of chronic HBV infection correlate with HBV load显示文摘AIM: To characterize the peripheral T-cell subpopulation profiles and their correlation with hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in different clinical stages of chronic HBV infection.METHODS: A total of 422 patients with chronic HBV infection were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into three stages: immune-tolerant stage, immune active stage, and immune-inactive carrier stage. Composition of peripheral T-cell subpopulations was determined by flow cytometry. HBV markers were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. SerumHBV DNA load was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: CD8+ T-cells were significantly higher in patients at the immune-tolerant stage than in patients at the immune-active and -inactive carrier stages (36.87 ± 7.58 vs 34.37 ± 9.07, 36.87 ± 7.58 vs 28.09 ± 5.64, P < 0.001). The peripheral blood in patients at the immune-tolerant and immune active stages contained more CD8+ T-cells than CD4+ T-cells (36.87 ± 7.58 vs 30.23 ± 6.35, 34.37 ± 9.07 vs 30.92 ± 7.40, P < 0.01), whereas the peripheral blood in patients at the immune-inactive carrier stage and in normal controls contained less CD8+ T-cells than CD4+ T-cells (28.09 ± 5.64 vs 36.85 ± 6.06, 24.02 ± 4.35 vs 38.94 ± 3.39, P < 0.01). ANOVA linear trend test showed that CD8+ T-cells were signif icantly increased in patients with a high viral load (39.41 ± 7.36, 33.83 ± 7.50, 31.81 ± 5.95 and 26.89 ± 5.71, P < 0.001), while CD4+ T-cells were signif icantly increased in patients with a low HBV DNA load (37.45 ± 6.14, 33.33 ± 5.61, 31.58 ± 6.99 and 27.56 ± 5.49, P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis displayed that log copies of HBV DNA still maintained its highly signif icant coefficients for T-cell subpopulations, and was the strongest predictors for variations in CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio after adjustment for age at HBV-infection, maternal HBV-infection status, presence of hepatitis B e antigen and HBV mutation.CONCLUSION: Differences in peripheral T-cell subpopulation profi les can be found in different clinical stages of chronic HBV infection. T-cell impairment is signifi cantly associated with HBV load. | Jing You Lin Zhuang Yi-Feng Zhang Hong-Ying Chen Hutcha Sriplung Alan Geater Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong Teerha Piratvisuth Edward McNeil Lan Yu Bao-Zhang Tang .lun-Hua Huang | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，27： | 39 |
| 2 | Effect of viral load on T-lymphocyte failure in patients with chronic hepatitis B显示文摘AIM: To investigate peripheral T-lymphocyte sub-population profile and its correlation with hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).METHODS: Distribution of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood was measured by flow cytometry in 206 CHB patients. HBV markers were detected with ELISA. Serum HBV DNA load was assessed with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The relationship between HBV replication and variation in peripheral T-cell subsets was analyzed.RESULTS: CHB patients had significantly decreased CD3+ and CD4+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and increased CD8+ cells compared with uninfected controls (55.44 ± 12.39 vs 71.07 ± 4.76, 30.92 ± 7.48 vs 38.94 ± 3.39, 1.01 ± 0.49 vs 1.67 ± 0.33, and 34.39 ± 9.22 vs 24.02 ± 4.35; P < 0.001, respectively). Univariate analysis showed a similar pattern of these parameters was significantly associated with high viral load, presence of serum hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) expression, liver disease severity, history of maternal HBV infection, and young age at HBV infection, all with P < 0.01. There was a significant linear relationship between viral load and these parameters of T-lymphocyte subpopulations (linear trend test P < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between the levels of CD3+ and CD4+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio and serum level of viral load in CHB patients (r = -0.68, -0.65 and -0.75, all P < 0.0001), and a positive correlation between CD8+ cells and viral load (r = 0.70, P < 0.0001). There was a significant decreasing trend in CD3+ and CD4+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio with increasing severity of hepatocyte damage and decreasing age at HBV infection (linear trend test P < 0.01). In multiple regression (after adjustment for age at HBV infection, maternal HBV infection status and hepatocyte damage severity) log copies of HBV DNA maintained a highly significant predictive coefficient on T-lymphocyte subpopulations, and was the strongest predictor of variation in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio. However, the effect of HBeAg was not significant.CONCLUSION: T-lymphocyte failure was signifi-cantly associated with viral replication level. The substantial linear dose-response relationship and strong independent predictive effect of viral load on T-lymphocyte subpopulations suggests the possibility of a causal relationship between them, and indicates the importance of viral load in the pathogenesis of T cell hyporesponsiveness in these patients. | Jing You Hutcha Sriplung Alan Geater Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong Lin Zhuang Hong-Ying Chen Lan Yu Bao-Zhang Tang Jun-Hua Huang | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，7： | 30 |
| 3 | 国人慢性HBV携带者HBV复制水平与T细胞亚群变化的关系显示文摘目的:研究慢性HBV携带者(HBVc)HBV复制水平与T细胞亚群变化的关系.方法:应用流式细胞仪检测肝功能正常的HBvc 216例和正常人100例外周血T细胞亚群百分比,ELISA法检测血清乙肝标志物(HBsAg,HBsAb,HBeAg,HBeAb,HBcAb,Anti-HBcAb IgM),实时荧光定量PCR法检测血清HBV DNA,对T细胞亚群结果与血清HBV DNA载量和HBeAg表达的关系进行分析.结果:HBV c外周血CD3^+,CD4^+及CD4^+/ CD8^+较正常人显著降低(P<0.01),而CD8^+显著升高(P<0.01).与HBV DNA(-)组比较,HBV DNA(+)组CD3^+,CD4^+及CD4^+/CD8^+分别降低20.4%,17.8%和35.7%,CD8^+升高21.9%(P<0.0 1).与HBeAg(-)组比较,HBeAg(+)组CD3^+,CD4^+及CD4^+/CD8^+分别降低19.5%,14.0%和28.6%,CD8^+升高19.6%(P<0.01).随着病毒载量的升高,CD3^+,CD4^+及CD4^+/CD8^+显著下降,分别与病毒载量呈显著负相关(r=-0.67,-0.54,-0.67,P<0.01);CD8^+显著升高,与病毒载量呈显著正相关(r=0.61,P<0.01).HBV DNA(+)和HBeAg(+)组与HBV DNA单阳性组和阴性组比较,CD3^+,CD4^+及CD4^+/CD8^+显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),CD8^+显著升高(P<0.01).有母亲感染史者CD3^+,CD4^+及CD4^+/CD8^+较无母亲感染史者明显降低,CD8^+则显著升高(P<0.01).在有母亲感染史者中,血清HBV DNA(+)82.2%,HBeAg(+) 75.2%,HBV DNA水平>1×10^(10)copies/L者65.1%,均分别显著高于无母亲感染史者的34.5%,OR=8.65,95%CI:[4.45,17.33],28.7%,OR=7.44,95%CI:[3.91,14.56]和10.3%,OR=15.94,95%CI:7.13,39.66].有母亲感染史和无母亲感染史者中,与HBV DNA(-)组比较,HBV DNA(+)组CD3^+,CD4^+及CD4^+/CD8^+均显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),CD8^+均显著升高(P<0.01);与HBeAg(-)组比较,HBeAg(+)组CD3^+,CD4^+及CD4^+/CD8^+比均显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论:肝功能正常的HBVc T细胞免疫功能紊乱与病毒复制水平之间存在显著相关性,HBV活跃复制进一步加重紊乱. | 游晶 庄林 陈红英 台虹 宋建新 欧阳红梅 唐宝璋 Hutcha Sriplung Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong Alan Geater 张一凤 杨海秋 黄俊华 | 2007 | 世界华人消化杂志2007，15，35： | 13 |
| 4 | Hepatitis B virus DNA is more powerful than HBeAg in predicting peripheral T-lymphocyte subpopulations in chronic HBV-infected individuals with normal liver function tests显示文摘AIM:To investigate the peripheral T-lymphocyte subpopulation profile,and its correlations with hepatitis B virus(HBV) replication level in chronic HBV-infected(CHI) individuals with normal liver function tests(LFTs) . METHODS:Frequencies of T-lymphocyte subpopu-lations in peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry in 216 CHI individuals. HBV markers were detected with ELISA. Serum HBV DNA load was assessed with quantitative real-time PCR. Information of age at HBV infection,and maternal HBV infection status was collected. ANOVA linear trend test and linear regression were used in statistical analysis. RESULTS:CHI individuals had significantly decreased relative frequencies of CD3+,CD4+ subpopulationsand CD4+/CD8+ ratio,and increased CD8+ subset percentage compared with uninfected individuals(all P < 0.001) . There was a significant linear relationship between the load of HBV DNA and the parameters of T-lymphocyte subpopulations(ANOVA linear trend test P < 0.01) . The parameters were also significantly worse among individuals whose mothers were known to be HBV carriers,and those having gained infection before the age of 8 years. In multiple regressions,after adjustment for age at HBV infection and status of maternal HBV infection,log copies of HBV DNA maintained its highly significant predictive coefficient on T-lymphocyte subpopulations,whereas the effect of HBeAg was not significant. CONCLUSION:HBV DNA correlates with modification in the relative T-lymphocyte subpopulation frequencies. High viral load is more powerful than HBeAg in predicting the impaired balance of T-cell subsets. | Jing You Hutcha Sriplung Alan Geater Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong Lin Zhuang Hong-Ying Chen Jun-Hua Huang Bao-Zhang Tang | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，23： | 11 |
| 5 | Profile, spectrum and significance of hepatitisB virus genotypes in chronic HBV-infected patients in Yunnan, China显示文摘BACKGROUND: There are significant variations in the geographical distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes throughout the world, and some genotypes are associated with different clinical outcomes. Eight genotypes of human HBV (designated A-H) have been reported. The present study was designed to examine the distribution of HBV genotypes among patients at various stages of chronic type B liver disease in Yunnan Province, China, and to explore its significance and the relationship of HBV genotype with gender and age, clinical spectrum of chronic HBV infection, and viral replicative activity. METHODS: Serum samples from 126 patients with chronic HBV infection from Yunnan Province, including 26 chronic asymptomatic HBV carriers (ASC), 61 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (21 mild, 30 moderate and 10 severe), 20 patients with chronic fulminant hepatic failure (CFHF), 12 patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC) and 7 patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were analyzed using reverse dot blot (RDB) methodology, which is based on the reverse hybridization principle for HBV genotyping. The relations of HBV genotype with gender and age,clinical patterns, and serological data of the patients were analyzed. RESULTS: In this series, genotypes A, B, C, and D were found. 38.1% patients (48/126) belonged to B, 54.8% (69/126) to C, 0.8% (1/126) to D, 1.6% (2/126) to a mixture of B and C, and 1.6% (2/126) to a mixture of A and C. 3.2% patients (4/126) had unknown genotypes. No other genotypes (E, F, G, and H) were found. Genotypes B and C were predominant. There was a statistically significant difference in the distributions of genotypes C and B (χ2=7.04, P=0.008), and C was the dominant genotype in all patient categories. The rate of genotype B in the mild CHB group was significantly higher than that in the moderate and severe groups (χ2=12.16, P=0.0001; χ2=11.98, P=0.001, respectively), the ASC group (χ2=5.46, P=0.02), the CFHF group (χ2=5.53, P=0.019), and the LC/HCC group (χ2=12.13, P=0.001). The rate of genotype C in the LC/HCC group and the severe CHB group were significantly higher than that in the mild group (χ2=9.95, P=0.002; χ2=8.78, P=0.003, respectively). HBV DNA positivity and HBeAg positivity were higher in genotype C than in genotype B (χ2=9.81, P=0.002; χ2=3.85, P=0.05, respectively). The prevalence of genotype C showed an increasing trend in lowest-, middle- and highest-level groups of HBV replication (25.0%, 70.0%, and 55.6%, respectively); in contrast, the prevalence of genotype B showed an opposite trend in the same order (62.5%, 30.0%, and 37.0%, respectively). The rate of genotype C in the highest-level group of HBV replication was higher than genotype B (χ2=7.45, P=0.006). The rate of genotype C in the over-30 age group was higher than that in the below-30 age group (χ2=3.7, P=0.05). There was no difference between the sexes (P>0.05). More severe liver damage was found in genotype C than in genotype B (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The predominant HBV genotypes in chronic HBV-infected patients are B and C, and C is the most prevalent genotype in Yunnan Province, China. HBV genotype C is associated with the development of more severe liver disease and a higher level of HBV viral replication, and genotype B has a relatively good progress. | Hutcha Sriplung Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong Alan Geater | 2008 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2008，7，3： | 9 |
| 6 | Efficacy of thymosin alpha-1 and interferon alpha in treatment of chronic viral hepatitis B:A randomized controlled study显示文摘AIM: To observe the efficiency and safety of thymosin-α1 treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and HBV DNA positive chronic hepatitis. METHODS: Sixty-two patients were randomly divided into groups A and B. The patients in group A received subcutaneous injection of 1.6 mg thymosin-α1, twice a week (T-α1 group) for six months, and the patients in group B received 5 MU interferon alpha (IFN-α) each day for fifteen days, then three times weekly (IFN-α group) for six months. The results between two groups treated with and the group untreated with IFN-α which was followed up for 12 mo (historical control group consisting of 30 patients) were compared, and three groups were comparable between each other (P > 0.05) at baseline (age, sex, clinical history, biochemical, and serological parameters). RESULTS: At the end of treatment, complete response, which was defined as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization and HBV DNA and HBeAg loss, occurred in 9 of 29 (31.0%) patients in the T-α1 group and in 15 of 33 (45.5%) patients in the IFN-α group (c2 = 1.36, P >0.05). After a follow-up period of six months, a complete response was observed in 14 of 29 (48.3%) patients in the T-α1 group and in 9 of 33 (27.3%) patients in the IFN-α group (c2 = 2.93, P > 0.05). Compared with the results observed in the historical control (HC) group untreated with IFN-α which was followed up for 12 mo, the rate of complete response was significantly higher in IFN-α group at the end of therapy (1 of 30 vs 15 of 33, c2 = 14.72, P < 0.001) and in the T-α1 group at the end of follow-up (1 of 30 vs 14 of 29, c2 = 15.71, P < 0.001). In T-α1 and IFN-α treatment groups, the area under (the plasma concentration time) curve (AUC) of negative HBV DNA and HBeAg was 34%, 17%, 31% and 19% smaller than that in the HC group. By the end of the follow- up period, the proportions of ALT normalization and negative HBV DNA in the T-α1 group were significantly higher than those in the IFN-α and HC groups. The odds of ALT normalization and negative HBV DNA at the end of the follow-up was three-fold higher in the T-α1 group than in the IFN-α group. Unlike IFN-α, T-α1 was well tolerated by all patients, and no side effects appeared in T-α1 group.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that a 6-mo course of T-α1 therapy is effective and safe in patients with chronic hepatitis B. T-α1 is able to reduce HBV replication in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Furthermore, T-α1 is better tolerated than IFN-α and can gradually induce more sustained ALT normalization and HBV DNA and HBeAg loss. However, a response rate of 48.3% is still less ideal. A more effective therapeutic approach warrants further study. | Jing You Lin Zhuang Hong-Ying Cheng Shou-Ming Yan Lan Yu Jun-Hua Huang Bao-Zhang Tang Meng-Ling Huang Yong-Liang Ma Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong Hutcha Sriplung Alan Geater Yan-Wei Qiao Rong-Xue Wu | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，41： | 8 |
| 7 | 云南地区乙型肝炎病毒基因型分布与临床的相关性显示文摘目的:了解云南地区乙型肝炎病毒基因型分布特征,探讨其与慢性HBV感染者的性别和年龄、不同临床疾病谱、病毒复制水平的关系.方法:选择云南地区慢性HBV感染者117例其中慢性无症状乙型肝炎表面抗原携带者(ASC)26例、慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)55例(轻度21例、中度24例、重度10例)、慢性重型肝炎(CLF)18例、乙肝后肝硬化(LC)11例及原发性肝细胞肝癌(HCC)7例,采用反向杂交技术(RDB)检测HBV基因型,并对与其性别年龄、临床分型和病毒复制水平的关系进行分析.结果:云南地区HBV基因型以B型和C型为主,分别为41.0%(48/117)和54.7%(64/117),并以C型为最多(χ2=4.38,P=0.036);D型1例(0.86%),B、C混合型2例(1.71%),A、C混合型2例(1.71%).B基因型在轻度慢乙肝组所占的比例显著高于中、重度慢乙肝组(χ2=8.27、11.98,P=0.004、0.001)、ASC组(χ2=5.46,P=0.02)、CLF组(χ2=4.13,P=0.042)和LC/HCC组(χ2=11.3,P=0.001).C基因型在LC/HCC组和重度慢乙肝组所占的比例均显著高于轻度慢乙肝组(χ2=11.3,P=0.001;χ2=8.78,P=0.003),与其他各临床型组间的比较则无显著性差异(P>0.05).C基因型在HBVDNA(+)组和HBeAg(-)组r所占的比例均分别显著高于HBVDNA(-)组(χ2=6.63,P=0.01)和HBeAg(+)组(χ2=7.12,P=0.008).B基因型在HBVDNA低水平复制组中所占的比例显著高于高水平复制组(χ2=4.12,P=0.042).C基因型在HBVDNA高水平复制组中所占的比例显著高于B基因型(χ2=5.13,P<0.05).C基因型在年龄≥30岁组中所占的比例(63.3%)高于年龄<30岁组(45.6%)(χ2=3.7,P=0.05).HBV基因型在性别间的分布无统计学差异(P>0.05)结论:云南地区存在HBV的B、C、D、B+C和A+C基因型,以B型和C型为主要基因型,并以C型为最多.B基因型在轻度慢乙肝的比例显著高于其他各临床型HBV感染者,并且与HBV的低水平复制和低年龄有关.C基因型主要分布于重度慢乙肝和LC/HCC、HBVDNA高水平复制、年龄≥30岁的患者中.提示C基因型与慢乙肝重度、肝硬化、肝细胞肝癌及HBVDNA高水平复制关系密切. | 庄林 游晶 陈红英 俞岚 孔雷 唐宝璋 黄俊华 袁绍明 Hutcha Sriplung Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong Alan Geater 袁丽芳 王辉 | 2007 | 世界华人消化杂志2007，15，19： | 6 |
| 8 | 中西部3省农村医疗保障项目对灾难性医疗费的影响显示文摘目的了解农村医疗保障项目对灾难性医疗费的影响。方法入户调查。结果河北、陕西和内蒙古3个中西部省份的3330户家庭、11252人接受调查,其中90.8%的个人参合(家庭为91.2%);8.0%的个人没有医保(家庭为7.8%);1337个贫困人中,7.6%的人通过医疗救助参合。补偿前,总医疗费所致灾难性医疗费的发病率和强度分别为14.3%、2.8%;非住院费比住院费发生较多的灾难性医疗费;补偿后,新农合对灾难性医疗费的保护率、强度分别为9.9%、16.9%;新农合减少住院费所致灾难性医疗费比非住院费多;医疗救助避免1%的家庭发生灾难性医疗费。新农合和灾难性医疗费没有关联。结论农村医疗保障项目对灾难性医疗费的保护作用有限。 | 石武祥 王冠群 张俊华 张宏 Daniele Brombal Virasakdi C Alan Geater Maria Santonastaso Giorgio Mario Cortassa 刘建英 | 2013 | 现代预防医学2013，40，3： | 4 |
| 9 | Compliance with hormone replacement therapy at Songklanagagarind Hospital显示文摘 | Saranya Wattanakumtornkul Saibua Chichareon Alan Geater | 2003 | J Obstet Gynaecol Res2003，29，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Differential Diagnosis of Chikungunya, Dengue Viral Infection and Other Acute Febrile Illnesses in Children显示文摘 | Kamolwish Laoprasopwattana Lamy Kaewjungwad Roongrueng Jarumanokul Alan Geater | 2012 | The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal2012，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Cox回归模型在产后哺乳与避孕相关关系分析中的应用显示文摘应用Cox伴随时间变化变量回归模型来准确的评价产后哺乳与避孕的关系。从天津市河西区随机抽取9个街,344名产后12~18个月的哺乳期妇女进行问卷调查。调查结果表明产后启用避孕措施的时间与哺乳类型无关,但已恢复月经的妇女比仍闭经的妇女更可能选用避孕措施。年轻妇女产后性生活恢复和启用避孕措施的时间较早。建议妇女产后恢复性生活之后,无论完全哺乳还是闭经,都应尽早选择一种适宜的避孕方法。 | 张志红 Geater Alan F Chongsuvivatwong Virasakdi | 2000 | 中国计划生育学杂志2000，8，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Exhaled breath condensate cytokine level as a diagnostic tool for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome显示文摘 | Yongxia Li Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong Alan Geater Ao Liu | 2007 | Sleep Medicine2007，，1： | 1 |
| 13 | The influence of the rural health security schemes on health utilization and household impoverishment in rural China:data from a household survey of western and central China显示文摘 | WU XIANG SHI VIRASAKDI CHONGSUVIVATWONG ALAN GEATER | | 0，，09： | 1 |
| 14 | The influence of the rural health security schemes on health utilization and household impoverishment in rural China: data from a household survey of western and central China显示文摘 | Shi Wuxiang Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong Alan Geater | 2010 | International Journal for Equity in Health2010，9，： | 1 |
| 15 | Randomized Study of Antiinflammatory and Immune-Modulatory Effects of Enteral Immunonutrition During Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer显示文摘 | Somkiat Sunpaweravong Puttisak Puttawibul Sakchai Ruangsin Supparerk Laohawiriyakamol Patrapim Sunpaweravong Duangjai Sangthawan Jintana Pradutkanchana Ponpis Raungkhajorn Alan Geater | 2014 | Nutrition and Cancer2014，，： | 1 |
| 16 | Effect of switching hepatic enzyme‐inducer antiepileptic drug to levetiracetam on bone mineral density, 25 hydroxyvitamin D , and parathyroid hormone in young adult patients with epilepsy显示文摘 | Kanitpong Phabphal Alan Geater Kitti Limapichat Pornchai Sathirapanya Suwanna Setthawatcharawanich Rattana Leelawattana | 2013 | Epilepsia2013，，： | 1 |
| 17 | Skin Lead Contamination of Family Members of Boat - caulkers in Southern Thailand 显示文摘 | UNTIMANON ORRAPAN GEATER ALAN CHONGSUVIVATWONG VIRASAKDI | 2001 | Industriat Health2001，49，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Reliability of a computerized system for strabismus screening显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the reliability of Photo-Hirschberg screening for global strabismus performed by non-specialized personnel.METHODS:Participants at three sites were enrolled.One person at each site was trained in visual acuity measurement and use of the computerized system.Visual acuity was measured,and strabismus testing was performed using two flash photographs.All data from the three primary observers were sent to an experienced assistant researcher,who was blinded to the primary results,for re-evaluation.The primary and re-evaluation results of the Photo-Hirschberg screenings using weighted kappa for agreement were compared.RESULTS:The study included 181 participants(88 males and 93 females)and the results for primary and re-evaluation screenings were corresponded.Ten participants with contrasting results presented with unclear corneal light reflex.Sensitivity and specificity were 100%[95%confidence interval(CI):29.0%-100%]and 99.4%(95%CI:96.6%-100%),respectively,based on the Agresti test of the primary evaluation,considering the re-evaluated classification as true.CONCLUSION:The computerized system can be used for primary strabismus screening by non-specialized personnel,with 98.8%agreement with specialists.However,it cannot be used as a substitute for professional examination. | Supaporn Tengtrisorn Alan Frederick Geater | 2024 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2024，17，1： | 0 |
| 19 | 汇合血清样本技术筛查云南血吸虫病的初步研究显示文摘目的研究汇合血清样本技术用于筛查云南血吸虫感染人群的稀释极限和最适汇合样本数.方法采用随机抽样法,对云南血吸虫病疫区人群抽样采集血样;将所采集的31份阳性血样和24份阴性血样,分别按阳性和阴性样本汇合比为1:1,1:2,1:3,1:4,1:9和1:14随机汇合,共得到汇合样本372份.用IHA检测抗体法,在稀释度分别为1:5,1:10,1:20,1:40四组中共检测1448份汇合血样,与对单份样本检测的效果进行统计分析和比较.结果在稀释度分别为1:5,1:10,1:20,1:40四组中,稀释度为1:5组IHA检测汇合样本的敏感性显著高于其它稀释度的三组,且敏感性随汇合样本数量的增加而降低.在稀释度为1:5组,当汇合样本数小于6时,IHA的敏感性仍高于90%.结论用IHA检测汇合血清样本以筛查血吸虫感染时,汇合样本的稀释限度为1:5,最适汇合血清样本数不大于6,可避免较少地漏检阳性血样. | 贾雪梅 Hutcha Sriplung Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong Alan Geater | 2010 | 昆明医学院学报2010，31，4： | 0 |
| 20 | Multi-level determinants of failure to receive timely and complete measles vaccinations in Southwest China:a mixed methods study显示文摘Background Measles outbreaks re-emerged in 2013–2014 in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China,where measles immunisation coverage is high.The discrepancy between the vaccination coverage and outbreaks indicates that timeliness is crucial,yet there is limited knowledge on the health system barriers to timely vaccination.Using integrated evidence at the household,village clinic,and township hospital levels,this study aimed to identify the determinants of failure in receiving timely measles vaccinations among children in rural Guangxi.Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling survey with a nested qualitative study was conducted among children aged 18–54 months in Longan,Zhaoping,Wuxuan,and Longlin counties of Guangxi from June to August 2015.The status of timely vaccinations for the first dose of measles-containing vaccine(MCV1)and the second dose of measles-containing vaccine(MCV2)was verified via vaccination certificates.Data on household-level factors were collected using structured questionnaires,whereas data on village and township-level factors were obtained through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions.Determinants of untimely measles vaccinations were identified using multilevel logistic regression models.Results A total of 1216 target children at the household level,120 villages,and 20 township hospitals were sampled.Children were more likely to have untimely vaccination when their primary guardian had poor vaccination knowledge[MCV1,odds ratio(OR)=1.72;MCV2,OR=1.51],had weak confidence in vaccines(MCV1,OR=1.28–4.58;MCV2,OR=1.42–3.12),had few practices towards vaccination(MCV1,OR=12.5;MCV2,OR=3.70),or had low satisfaction with vaccination service(MCV1,OR=2.04;MCV2,OR=2.08).This trend was also observed in children whose village doctor was not involved in routine vaccination service(MCV1,OR=1.85;MCV2,OR=2.11)or whose township hospital did not provide vaccination notices(MCV1,OR=1.64;MCV2,OR=2.05),vaccination appointment services(MCV1,OR=2.96;MCV2,OR=2.74),sufficient and uniformly distributed sessions for routine vaccination(MCV1,OR=1.28;MCV2,OR=1.17;MCV1,OR=2.08),or vaccination service on local market days(MCV1,OR=2.48).Conclusions Guardians with poor knowledge,weak beliefs,and little practice towards vaccination;non-involvement of village doctors in routine vaccinations;and inconvenient vaccination services in township hospitals may affect timely measles vaccinations among children in rural China. | Xian-Yan Tang Man Cheng Alan Geater Qiu-Yun Deng Ge Zhong Yue-Dong Lin Ning Chen Tao Lan Long-Yan Jiang Man-Tong Zhu Qiao Li | 2021 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2021，10，4： | 0 |
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