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| 1 | Factors associated with time to laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis显示文摘AIM: To determine patient and process of care factors associated with performance of timely laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. METHODS: A retrospective medical record review of 88 consecutive patients with acute cholecystitis was conducted. Data collected included demographic data, co-morbidities, symptoms and physical findings at presentation, laboratory and radiological investigations, length of stay, complications, and admission service (medical or surgical). Patients not undergoing cholecystectomy during this hospitalization were excluded from analysis. Hierarchical generalized linear models were constructed to assess the association of pre-operative diagnostic procedures, presenting signs, and admitting service with time to surgery.RESULTS: Seventy cases met inclusion and exclusion criteria, among which 12 were admitted to the medical service and 58 to the surgical service. Mean ± SD time to surgery was 39.3 ± 43 h, with 87% of operations performed within 72 h of hospital arrival. In the adjusted models, longer time to surgery was associated with number of diagnostic studies and endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP, P = 0.01) as well with admission to medical service without adjustment for ERCP (P < 0.05). Patients undergoing both magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and computed tomography (CT) scans experienced the longest waits for surgery. Patients admitted to the surgical versus medical service underwent surgery earlier (30.4 ± 34.9 vs 82.7 ± 55.1 h, P < 0.01), had less post-operative complications (12% vs 58%, P < 0.01), and shorter length of stay (4.3 ± 3.4 vs 8.1 ± 5.2 d, P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Admission to the medical service and performance of numerous diagnostic procedures, ERCP, or MRCP combined with CT scan were associated with longer time to surgery. Expeditious performance of ERCP and MRCP and admission of medically stable patients with suspected cholecystitis to the surgical service to speed up time to surgery should be considered. | Chris N Daniak David Peretz Jonathan M Fine Yun Wang Alan K Meinke William B Hale | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，7： | 13 |
| 2 | 天然气低碳催化燃烧特性与应用显示文摘催化燃烧反应较低的活化能容许反应在贫碳氢化合物浓度下发生,因此绝热反应的温度低于NOx形成的限制,并完全氧化,不形成CO和未完全燃烧的碳氢化合物,燃烧发生在常规气相易燃极限之外,因此燃烧更加稳定。根据分步化学机理方法模拟出的结果可以得出,铂表面的异相反应抑制了气相氧化反应的程度,并且提高了单相点燃的表面温度。在此理论的指导下,进行了多种天然气催化燃烧装置的设计和研究,催化燃烧过程可达到近零污染排放。作为低碳战略,对天然气催化燃烧锅炉、烤箱和炉窑的应用前景进行了讨论。 | 张世红 Valerie Dupont Alan Williams | 2013 | 前沿科学2013，7，2： | 6 |
| 3 | Risk Factors for Opportunistic Infections in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease显示文摘 | Murat Toruner Edward V. Loftus W. Scott Harmsen Alan R. Zinsmeister Robert Orenstein William J. Sandborn Jean–Frederic Colombel Laurence J. Egan | 2008 | Gastroenterology2008，，4： | 6 |
| 4 | Failed biliary cannulation: Clinical and technical outcomes after tertiary referral endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography显示文摘AIM: Prospective evaluation of repeat endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for failed Schutz grade 1 biliary cannulation in a high-volume center. METHODS: Prospective intention-to-treat analysis of patients referred for biliary cannulation following recent unsuccessful ERCP. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients (35 female; mean age: 62.5 years; age range: 40-87 years) with previous failed biliary cannulation were referred for repeat ERCP. The indication for ERCP was primarily choledocholithiasis (45%) or pancreatic malignancy (18%). Successful biliary can- nulation was 100%. The precut needle knife sphincterotomy (NKS) rate was 27.4%. Complications occurred in 3.9% (post-ERCP pancreatitis). An identif iable reason for initial unsuccessful biliary cannulation was present in 55% of cases. Compared to a cohort of 940 nave pa-pilla patients (female 61%; mean age: 59.9 years; age range: 18-94 years) who required sphincterotomy over the same time period, there was no statistical difference in the cannulation success rate (100% vs 98%) or postERCP pancreatitis (3.1% vs 3.9%). Precut NKS use was more frequent (27.4% vs 12.7%) (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Referral to a high-volume center following unsuccessful ERCP is associated with high technical success, with a favorable complication rate, compared to routine ERCP procedures. | Michael P Swan Michael J Bourke Stephen J Williams Sina Alexander Alan Moss Rick Hope David Ruppin | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，45： | 6 |
| 5 | Tissue-based metabolite profiling and qualitative comparison of two species of Achyranthes roots by use of UHPLC-QTOF MS and laser micro-dissection显示文摘Achyranthes bidentata and Achyranthes aspera are saponin and steroid rich medicinal plants, used extensively for therapeutic treatments in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) and Ayurveda. A. bidentata is reported to be one of the rare and extensively exploited medicinal plant species that face the issue of being endangered.Finding qualitative substitute with identical phyto-constituents contributing to similar composition and pharmacological benefits will help in reducing the burden of exploitation of the natural habitats of such plants.In the present study, a comparative metabolite analysis of the whole drug and specific tissues isolated by laser micro-dissection(LMD) was carried out for both the selected species, by use of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-QTOF MS). The results of the study indicate that the cortex and the medullary ray tissues are rich in their content of steroidal and saponin constituents such as(25 S)-inokosterone-20,22-acetonide, ginsenoside Ro, bidentatoside II and achyranthoside B.Metabolite profiling of the whole tissues of both the species indicates presence of identical constituents. Thus,it is inferred that A. bidentata and A. aspera can be used as qualitative substitutes for each other. | Yogini Jaiswal Zhitao Liang Alan Ho Hubiao Chen Leonard Williams Zhongzhen Zhao | 2018 | Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis2018，8，1： | 5 |
| 6 | Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association显示文摘 | Alan S. Go Dariush Mozaffarian Véronique L. Roger Emelia J. Benjamin Jarett D. Berry William B. Borden Dawn M. Bravata Shifan Dai Earl S. Ford Caroline S. Fox Sheila Franco Heather J. Fullerton Cathleen Gillespie Susan M. Hailpern John A. Heit Virginia J. | 2013 | Circulation2013，，1： | 5 |
| 7 | 外周炎症性疼痛刺激诱发中枢神经系统小胶质细胞增殖活化显示文摘目的 观察外周疼痛刺激后 ,中枢神经系统小胶质细胞形态和功能特征的变化。方法 采用福尔马林疼痛动物模型 ,刺激后 2、4、8h,1、3 d,1、2及 4周后处死 ,制成腰脊髓和脑干切片。小胶质细胞特异表达补体 C3受体(单克隆抗体 OX-4 2 ) ,活化型小胶质细胞表达 类主要组织相容性复合物 Ia(单克隆抗体 OX-6)。定性和定量的免疫组化方法显示中枢小胶质细胞及疼痛刺激下形态的转化。结果 福尔马林刺激侧腰脊髓后角和脑干薄束核内小胶质细胞的增殖活化 ,注射后 1 d开始出现 ,3 d后明显 ,1周达到高峰 ,2周后增殖活化反应开始消退。本研究增殖活化的小胶质细胞表现为激活型 ,而非活化型或吞噬型。结论 福尔马林注射引起的疼痛刺激或外周炎症反应可能诱发中枢小胶质细胞增殖活化。 | 傅开元 Alan R.Ligh t William M aixner | 2001 | 中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志2001，8，3： | 4 |
| 8 | Executive Summary: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association显示文摘 | Alan S. Go Dariush Mozaffarian Véronique L. Roger Emelia J. Benjamin Jarett D. Berry William B. Borden Dawn M. Bravata Shifan Dai Earl S. Ford Caroline S. Fox Sheila Franco Heather J. Fullerton Cathleen Gillespie Susan M. Hailpern John A. Heit Virginia J. | 2013 | Circulation2013，，1： | 4 |
| 9 | 天然气催化燃烧近零污染物排放机理及应用进展显示文摘催化燃烧反应较低的活化能容许反应在贫碳氢化合物浓度下发生,因此绝热反应的温度低于NOx形成的限制,并完全氧化,不形成CO和未完全燃烧的碳氢化合物,燃烧发生在常规气相易燃极限之外,因此燃烧更加稳定。根据分步化学机理方法模拟出的结果可以得出,铂表面的异相反应抑制了气相氧化反应的程度,并且提高了单相点燃的表面温度。在此理论的指导下,进行了催化燃烧炉I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、V、VI和Ⅶ型的理论和基础应用研究,天然气高温催化燃烧排放物NOx、CO已低于4ppm,达到近零污染排放,同时燃烧效率达近100%。天然气催化燃烧实现了燃料的完全转化,燃料的热值得到充分利用,而气相燃烧则没有达到燃料热值的充分利用而造成浪费。 | 张世红 Valerie Dupont Alan Williams | 2011 | 中国科技成果2011，，14： | 3 |
| 10 | Single vs dual(en bloc) kidney transplants from donors ≤ 5 years of age: A single center experience显示文摘AIM: To compare outcomes between single and dual en bloc(EB) kidney transplants(KT) from small pediatric donors. METHODS: Monocentric nonprospective review of KTs from pediatric donors ≤ 5 years of age. Dual EB KT was defined as keeping both donor kidneys attached tothe inferior vena cava and aorta, which were then used as venous and arterial conduits for the subsequent transplant into a single recipient. Donor age was less useful than either donor weight or kidney size in decision-making for kidney utilization as kidneys from donors < 8 kg or kidneys < 6 cm in length were not transplanted. Post-transplant management strategies were standardized in all patients.RESULTS: From 2002-2015, 59 KTs were performed including 34 dual EB and 25 single KTs. Mean age of donors(17 mo vs 38 mo, P < 0.001), mean weight(11.0 kg vs 17.4 kg, P = 0.046) and male donors(50% vs 84%, P = 0.01) were lower in the dual EB compared to the single KT group, respectively. Mean cold ischemia time(21 h), kidney donor profile index(KDPI; 73% vs 62%) and levels of serum creatinine(SCr, 0.37 mg/d L vs 0.49 mg/d L, all P = NS) were comparable in the dual EB and single KT groups, respectively. Actuarial graft and patient survival rates at 5-years follow-up were comparable. There was one case of thrombosis resulting in graft loss in each group. Delayed graft function incidence(12% dual EB vs 20% single KT, P = NS) was slightly lower in dual EB KT recipients. Initial duration of hospital stay(mean 5.4 d vs 5.6 d) and the one-year incidences of acute rejection(6% vs 16%), operative complications(3% vs 4%), and major infection were comparable in the dual EB and single KT groups, respectively(all P = NS). Mean 12 mo SCr and abbreviated MDRD levels were 1.17 mg/d L vs 1.35 mg/d L and 72.5 m L/min per 1.73 m^2 vs 60.5 m L/min per 1.73 m^2(both P = NS) in the dual EB and single KT groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: By transplanting kidneys from young pediatric donors into adult recipients, one can effectively expand the limited donor pool and achieve excellent medium-term outcomes. | Yousef Al-Shraideh Umar Farooq Hany El-Hennawy Alan C Farney Amudha Palanisamy Jeffrey Rogers Giuseppe Orlando Muhammad Khan Amber Reeves-Daniel William Doares Scott Kaczmorski Michael D Gautreaux Samy S Iskandar Gloria Hairston Elizabeth Brim Margaret Mangus Robert J Stratta | 2016 | World Journal of Transplantation2016，6，1： | 3 |
| 11 | Structural insights into Ca^2+-activated long-range allosteric channel gating of RyR1显示文摘Ryanodine 受体(RyRs ) 是有分子的质量的巨大的离子隧道的一个班超过 2.2 大 -- 道尔顿。这些隧道调停钙在许多房间发信号。因为超过 80% RyR 蛋白质被合拢进细胞质的集会,留下的残余形成 transmembrane 领域, RyR 隧道的激活和规定发生通过,这被假设了一迄今为止 uncharacterized 远程的 allosteric 机制。这里,我们报导 Ca 2+-activated 的描述由 cryo 电子的开状态的 RyR1 结构显微镜学。结构有 4.9 Å 的一个全面决定;并且 4.2 Å 的一个决定;为核心区域。与以前坚定的 apo/closed-state 结构比较,我们在 Ca 2+ 激活之上观察了隧道的远程的 allosteric gating。深入的结构的分析阐明了新奇隧道门机制和 RyR1 的新奇离子选择机制。我们的工作不仅提供结构的卓见进隧道 gating 和 RyRs 的规定的分子的机制,而且为 six-transmembrane-helix 阳离子隧道家庭为隧道门和离子选择机制使结构的基础清楚些。 | Risheng Wei Xue Wang Yan Zhang Saptarshi Mukherjee Lei Zhang Qiang Chen Xinrui Huang Shan Jing Congcong Liu Shuang Li Guangyu Wang Yaofang Xu Sujie Zhu Alan J Williams Fei Sun Chang-Cheng Yin | 2016 | Cell Research2016，26，9： | 3 |
| 12 | Autoimmune disorders and extraintestinal manifestations in first‐degree familial and sporadic inflammatory bowel disease. A case–control study显示文摘 | ElenaRicart RemoPanaccione Edward V.Loftus William J.Tremaine W. ScottHarmsen Alan R.Zinsmeister William J.Sandborn | 2006 | Inflamm Bowel Dis2006，，3： | 3 |
| 13 | 新教师课堂管理的问题分析与基本策略显示文摘借鉴国外相关研究,分析新教师课堂管理的困难与问题,提出课堂管理的基本理念与策略,对帮助新教师成长有重要意义。策略与建议有:建立课堂心理归属感;以明确清晰的教学任务管理课堂;时间和空间的管理策略;有效的表达与沟通技巧;积极观察学习其他教师;尽可能做充分的课前准备;重视人的因素——教师和学生。 | 朱水萍 Alan Williams | 2006 | 基础教育参考2006，，3： | 3 |
| 14 | Risk of Intestinal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Study From Olmsted County, Minnesota显示文摘 | Tine Jess Edward V. Loftus Fernando S. Velayos W. Scott Harmsen Alan R. Zinsmeister Thomas C. Smyrk Cathy D. Schleck William J. Tremaine L. Joseph Melton Pia Munkholm William J. Sandborn | 2006 | Gastroenterology2006，，4： | 3 |
| 15 | Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association显示文摘 | Scott M. Grundy Ivor J. Benjamin Gregory L. Burke Alan Chait Robert H. Eckel Barbara V. Howard William Mitch Sidney C. Smith James R. Sowers | 1999 | Circulation1999，，10： | 3 |
| 16 | 天然气低碳催化燃烧的应用与雾霾防治显示文摘在理论研究中,只有当催化表面温度显著高于普通自点燃温度时,气相燃料和空气混合物才会被点燃。既然催化反应延伸到了清洁和稳定氧化条件持续的范围,催化反应抑制了气相燃烧是合适的。在此理论的指导下,自主原创研发了几种天然气催化燃烧设备,其中天然气催化燃烧烤箱和天然气催化燃烧炉窑已形成成熟设备。将催化燃烧技术引入到雾霾治理中,可以为雾霾治理提供一种新思路。 | 张世红 Valerie Dupont Alan Williams | 2014 | 前沿科学2014，8，3： | 3 |
| 17 | Dietary approaches following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A survey of selected endoscopists显示文摘AIM: To describe the dietary recommendations of experienced endoscopists for patients who have undergone endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and the factors that influence these recommendations. METHODS: Selected U.S. endoscopists with ERCP experience were surveyed by e-mail. A questionnaire with three hypothetical ERCP cases of patients at low, medium and high risk for development of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) was shown. For each scenario, respondents were asked to recommend a post-procedure diet and time to first oral intake. Respondents were also asked about the effect of various clinical factors on their recommendations, including risk of PEP.RESULTS: 97/187 selected ASGE members (51.9%) responded. When risk of PEP was either low, medium or high, 53%, 88% and 96% recommended a diet of clear liquids/NPO respectively, and 2%, 5% and 18% recommended delaying first oral intake until the following day. About 88% of respondents gave the same type of diet to patients at high as those with moderate-risk of PEP (P = 0.04). However, 37% and 43% of respondents gave different types of diet to patients at low vs moderate-risk and low-risk vs high-risk of PEP respectively (P < 0.001). No statistically significant associations were found regarding the effect of other clinical factors or respondent demographics.CONCLUSION: Most experienced endoscopists limit diet to NPO/clear liquids after ERCP for patients at high or moderate risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis. About half allow a low-fat or regular diet in patients at low risk. | Lincoln EVVC Ferreira Mark D Topazian William S Harmsen Alan R Zinsmeister Todd H Baron | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2010，2，12： | 3 |
| 18 | Hydrolysis of filter-paper cellulose to glucose by two recombinant endogenous glycosyl hydrolases of Coptotermes formosanus显示文摘 | Dunhua Zhang Alan R. Lax John M. Bland Jiujiang Yu Natalie Fedorova William C. Nierman | 2010 | Insect Science2010，17，3： | 3 |
| 19 | Executive Summary: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2012 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association显示文摘 | Véronique L. Roger Alan S. Go Donald M. Lloyd-Jones Emelia J. Benjamin Jarett D. Berry William B. Borden Dawn M. Bravata Shifan Dai Earl S. Ford Caroline S. Fox Heather J. Fullerton Cathleen Gillespie Susan M. Hailpern John A. Heit Virginia J. Howard Bret | 2012 | Circulation2012，，1： | 2 |
| 20 | Regional landslide-hazard assessment for Seattle, Washington, USA显示文摘 | Rex L. Baum Jeffery A. Coe Jonathan W. Godt Edwin L. Harp Mark E. Reid William Z. Savage William H. Schulz Dianne L. Brien Alan F. Chleborad Jonathan P. McKenna John A. Michael | 2005 | Landslides2005，，4： | 2 |
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