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| 1 | Structure and function of aggrecan显示文摘Aggrecan is the major proteoglycan in the articular cartilage. This molecule is important in the proper functioning of articular cartilage because it provides a hydrated gel structure (via its interaction with hyaluronan and link protein) that endows the cartilage with load-bearing properties. It is also crucial in chondroskeletal morphogenesis during development. Aggrecan is a multimodular molecule expressed by chondrocytes. Its core protein is composed of three globular domains (G1, G2, and G3) and a large extended region (CS) between G2 and G3 for glycosaminoglycan chain attachment. G1 comprises the amino terminus of the core protein. This domain has the same structural motif as link protein. Functionally, the G1 domain interacts with hyaluronan acid and link protein, forming stable ternary complexes in the extracellular matrix. G2 is homologous to the tandem repeats of G1 and of link protein and is involved in product processing. G3 makes up the carboxyl terminus of the core protein. It enhances glycosaminoglycan modification and product secretion. Aggrecan plays an important role in mediating chondrocyte-chondrocyte and chondrocyte-matrix interactions through its ability to bind hyaluronan. | CHRIS KIANI, LIWEN CHEN, YAO JIONG WU, ALBERT J YEE, BURTON B YANG, Sunnybrook and Women’s College Health Sciences Centre and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Patobiology, 2 Department of Surgeny, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada | 2002 | Cell Research2002，12，1： | 27 |
| 2 | Dementia and osteoporosis in a geriatric population: Is there a common link?显示文摘AIM To determine the existence of a common pathological link between dementia and osteoporosis through reviewing the current evidence base. METHODS This paper reviews the current literature on osteoporosis and dementia in order to ascertain evidence of a common predisposing aetiology. A literature search of Ovid MEDLINE(1950 to June 2016) was conducted. The keywords 'osteoporosis', 'osteoporotic fracture', 'dementia' and 'Alzheimer's disease'(AD) were used to determine the theoretical links with the most significant evidence base behind them. The key links were found to be vitamins D and K, calcium, thyroid disease, statins, alcohol and sex steroids. These subjects were then searched in combination with the previous terms and the resulting papers manually examined. Theoretical, in vitro and in vivo research were all used to inform this review which focuses on the most well developed theoretical common causes for dementia(predominantly Alzheimer's type) and osteoporosis.RESULTS Dementia and osteoporosis are multifaceted disease processes with similar epidemiology and a marked increase in prevalence in elderly populations. The existence of a common link between the two has been suggested despite a lack of clear pathological overlap in our current understanding. Research to date has tended to be fragmented and relatively weak in nature with multiple confounding factors reflecting the difficulties of in vivo experimentation in the population of interest. Despite exploration of various possible mechanisms in search for a link between the two pathologies, this paper found that it is possible that these associations are coincidental due to the nature of the evidence available. One finding in this review is that prior investigation into common aetiologies has found raised amyloid beta peptide levels in osteoporotic bone tissue, with a hypothesis that amyloid beta disorders are systemic disorders resulting in differing tissue manifestations. However, our findings were that the most compelling evidence of a common yet independent aetiology lies in the APOE4 allele, which is a well-established risk for AD but also carries an independent association with fracture risk. The mechanism behind this is thought to be the reduced plasma vitamin K levels in individuals exhibiting the APOE4 allele which may be amplified by the nutritional deficiencies associated with dementia, which are known to include vitamins K and D. The vitamin theory postulates that malnutrition and reduced exposure to sunlight in patients with AD leads to vitamin deficiencies. CONCLUSION Robust evidence remains to be produced regarding potential links and regarding the exact aetiology of these diseases and remains relevant given the burden of dementia and osteoporosis in our ageing population. Future research into amyloid beta, APOE4 and vitamins K and D as the most promising aetiological links should be welcomed. | Candice L Downey Adam Young Emily F Burton Simon M Graham Robert J Macfarlane Eva-Maria Tsapakis Eleftherios Tsiridis | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，5： | 6 |
| 3 | 子痫前期:病理生理学和临床意义显示文摘子痫前期是一种常见疾病,尤其影响首次妊娠。其临床表现多样,但通常表现为高血压和蛋白尿。这些全身症状是由于在合体滋养细胞的压力作用下,胎盘释放了可溶性因子。子痫前期主要有早发型和迟发型2种亚型,其他几种亚型目前尚未确定。早发型子痫前期是由于胎盘缺陷而出现,而迟发型子痫前期可能是由于胎盘的正常衰老,以及母体对心血管和代谢疾病的遗传易感性交互产生。子痫前期因胎盘和母体因素产生的原因因人而异。最近的研究主要集中在早孕期的胎盘-子宫相互作用。本文旨在对关于子痫前期的预测、预防和治疗方法的最新文献进行归纳综述。 | Graham J Burton Christopher W Redman James M Roberts Ashley Moffett 秦萌(译) 金滢 潘凌亚(校 | 2019 | 英国医学杂志中文版2019，22，11： | 6 |
| 4 | A review of bovine growth hormone can显示文摘 | Burton J L | 1994 | J Anim Sci1994，74，： | 2 |
| 5 | The anaphase-promoting complex:It's not just for mitosis any more显示文摘 | Harper J W Burton J L Solomon M J | 2002 | Genes Dev2002，16，： | 2 |
| 6 | Genetic base of 651Chinese soybean eultivars released during 1923 to 1995 显示文摘 | Cui Z L Thomas E Carter J Burton J W | 2000 | Crop Science2000，40，： | 1 |
| 7 | The effects of uro- tensin ]I and urantide on forearm blood flow and systemic haemodynamics in humans 显示文摘 | Cheriyan J Burton T Bradley T | 2009 | Br J Clin Pharmacol2009，68，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Pulsed plasma thruster 显示文摘 | Burton R L Turch P J | 1998 | Journal of Propulsion and Power1998，14，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Anticancer activity of Hemsleya am-abilis extract显示文摘 | Wu J Wu Y J Burton B Y | 2002 | Life Sciences2002，71，： | 1 |
| 10 | Long-term effects of cholesterol lowering and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on coronary atherosclerosis:the simvastating/enalapril coronary atherosclerosis trial(SCAT)显示文摘 | Teo K Burton J Buller C | 2000 | Circulation2000，102，： | 1 |
| 11 | A principal component analysis of facial expressions显示文摘 | Calder Andrew J Burton A Mike Miller Paul Young Andrew W | 2001 | Vision Research2001，41，： | 1 |
| 12 | Vascular endothelial growth factor-a promotes peritumoral lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis显示文摘 | BJORNDAHL M A CAO R BURTON J B | 2005 | Cancer Res2005，65，20： | 1 |
| 13 | A marked disparity between the expression of prion protein and its message neurones of cns显示文摘 | Ford M J Burton L J Li H | 2002 | Neuroscience2002，111，： | 1 |
| 14 | Microarray analysis reveals difference in gene expression profiles of hair and wool sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus显示文摘 | MACKINNON K M BURTON J L ZAJAC A M | 2009 | Vet Immunol Immu- nopathol2009，130，34： | 1 |
| 15 | A new approach of direct digital control for spool valves显示文摘 | RUAN J BURTON R | 2002 | ASME The Fluid Power and Systems Technology Division2002，9，6： | 1 |
| 16 | 查看详情显示文摘 | Raghavanpillai A Burton D J | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 17 | Effects of polyacrylamide application method on soil erosion and water infiltration显示文摘 | Burton D G Trenkel J E Shock C C | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 18 | Effects of hydrothermal aging on NH3 -SCR reaction over Cu/zeolites 显示文摘 | Kwak J H Tran D Burton S D | 2012 | Journal of Catalysis2012，287，： | 1 |
| 19 | Fine root architecture of nine North American trees显示文摘 | Pregitzer KS De Forest JL Burton A J | 2002 | Ecological Monographs2002，72，： | 1 |
| 20 | Relationships between fine root dynamics and nitrogen availability in Michigan northern hardwood forests 显示文摘 | Burton A J Pregitzer K S Hendrick R L | 2000 | Oecologia2000，125，3： | 1 |
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