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| 1 | Effects of cellulase and xylanase enzymes mixed with increasing doses of Salix babylonica extract on in vitro rumen gas production kinetics of a mixture of corn silage with concentrate显示文摘An in vitro gas production(GP) technique was used to investigate the effects of combining different doses of Salix babylonica extract(SB) with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes(EZ) based on xylanase(X) and cellulase(C), or their mixture(XC; 1:1 v/v) on in vitro fermentation characteristics of a total mixed ration of corn silage and concentrate mixture(50:50, w/w) as substrate. Four levels of SB(0, 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 m L g–1 dry matter(DM)) and four supplemental styles of EZ(1 μL g–1 DM; control(no enzymes), X, C and XC(1:1, v/v) were used in a 4×4 factorial arrangement. In vitro GP(m L g–1 DM) were recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h of incubation. After 72 h, the incubation process was stopped and supernatant p H was determined, and then filtered to determine dry matter degradability(DMD). Fermentation parameters, such as the 24 h gas yield(GY24), in vitro organic matter digestibility(OMD), metabolizable energy(ME), short chain fatty acid concentrations(SCFA), and microbial crude protein production(MCP) were also estimated. Results indicated that there was a SB?EZ interaction(P<0.0001) for the asymptotic gas production(b), the rate of gas production(c), GP from 6 to 72 h, GP2(P=0.0095), and GP4(P=0.02). The SB and different combination of enzymes supplementation influenced(P<0.001) in vitro GP parameters after 12 h of incubation; the highest doses of SB(i.e., 1.8 m L g–1 DM), in the absence of any EZ, quadratically increased(P<0.05) the initial delay before GP begins(L) and GP at different incubation times, with lowering b(quadratic effect, P<0.0001) and c(quadratic effect, P<0.0001; linear effect, P=0.0018). The GP was the lowest(P<0.05) when the highest SB level was combined with cellulose. There were SB?EZ interactions(P<0.001) for OMD, ME, the partitioning factor at 72 h of incubation(PF72), GY24, SCFA, MCP(P=0.0143), and p H(P=0.0008). The OMD, ME, GY24 and SCFA with supp lementation of SB extract at 1.8 m L g–1 DM were higher(P<0.001) than the other treatments, however,PF72 was lower(quadratic effect, P=0.0194) than the other levels. Both C and X had no effect(P>0.05) on OMD, p H, ME, GY24, SCFA and MP. The combination of SB with EZ increased(P<0.001) OMD, ME, SCFA, PF72 and GP24, whereas there was no impact on p H. It could be concluded that addition of SB extract, C, and X effectively improved the in vitro rumen fermentation, and the combination of enzyme with SB extract at the level of 1.2 m L g–1 was more effective than the other treatments. | Abdelfattah Z M Salem German Buendía-Rodríguez Mona M M Elghandour María A Mariezcurrena Berasain Francisco J Pea Jiménez Alberto B Pliego Juan C V Chagoyán María A Cerrillo Miguel A Rodríguez | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，1： | 4 |
| 2 | Immunotherapy and immunoescape in colorectal cancer显示文摘Immunotherapy encompasses a variety of interventions and techniques with the common goal of eliciting tumor cell destructive immune responses. Colorectal carcinoma often presents as metastatic disease that impedes curative surgery. Novel strategies such as active immunization with dendritic cells (DCs), gene transfer of cytokines into tumor cells or administration of immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies (such as anti-CD137 or anti-CTLA-4) have been assessed in preclinical studies and are at an early clinical development stage. Importantly, there is accumulating evidence that chemotherapy and immunotherapy can be combined in the treatment of some cases with colorectal cancer, with synergistic potentiation as a result of antigens cross-presented by dendritic cells and/or elimination of competitor or suppressive T lymphocyte populations (regulatory T-cells). However, genetic and epigenetic unstable carcinoma cells frequently evolve mechanisms of immunoevasion that are the result of either loss of antigen presentation, or an active expression of immunosuppressive substances. Some of these actively immunosuppressive mechanisms are inducible by cytokines that signify the arrival of an effector immune response. For example, induction of 2, 3 indoleamine dioxygenase (IDO) by IFNγ in colorectal carcinoma cells. Combinational and balanced strategies fostering antigen presentation, T-cell costimulation and interference with immune regulatory mechanisms will probably take the stage in translational research in the treatment of colorectal carcinoma. | Guillermo Mazzolini Oihana Murillo Catalina Atorrasagasti Juan Dubrot Iigo Tirapu Miguel Rizzo Ainhoa Arina Carlos Alfaro Arantza Azpilicueta Carmen Berasain José L Perez-Gracia Alvaro Gonzalez Ignacio Melero | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，44： | 4 |
| 3 | Impairment of pre-mRNA splicing in liver disease: Mechanisms and consequences显示文摘Pre-mRNA splicing is an essential step in the process of gene expression in eukaryotes and consists of the removal ofintrons and the linking of exons to generate mature mRNAs. This is a highly regulated mechanism that allows the alternative usage of exons, the retention ofintronic sequences and the generation of exonic sequences of variable length. Most human genes undergo splicing events, and disruptions of this process have been associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a molecularly heterogeneous type of tumor that usually develops in a cirrhotic liver. Alterations in pre-mRNA splicing of some genes have been observed in liver cancer, and although still scarce, the available data suggest that splicing defects may have a role in hepatocarcinogenesis. Here we briefly review the general mechanisms that regulatepre-mRNA splicing, and discuss some examples that illustrate how this process is impaired in liver tumorigenesis, and may contribute to HCC development. We believe that a more thorough examination of pre-mRNA splicing is still needed to accurately draw the molecular portrait of liver cancer. This will surely contribute to a better understanding of the disease and to the development of new effective therapies. | Carmen Berasain Saioa Gońi Josefa Castillo Maria Ujue Latasa Jesús Prieto Matias A Avila | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，25： | 2 |
| 4 | Fasciola hepatica : parasite secreted proteinase degrade all human IgG subclasses:determination of the specific cleavage site and identification of the immuno globulin fragments produced显示文摘 | BERASAIN P CARMONA C FRANGIONE B | 2000 | Exp Parasitol2000，94，： | 1 |
| 5 | Influence of impaired liver metabolism on the development of vascular disease and inflammation显示文摘 | AVILA M A BERASAIN C PRIETO J | 2005 | Curr Med Chem Cardiovasc Hematol Agents2005，3，： | 1 |
| 6 | New therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘 | Avila MA Berasain C Sangro B | 2006 | Oncogene2006，25，27： | 1 |
| 7 | Amphiregulin 显示文摘 | Berasain C Avila MA | 2014 | Semin Cell Dev Biol2014，28，： | 1 |
| 8 | Proteinases secretedby Fasciola hepatica degrade extracellular matrix and base-ment membrane components显示文摘 | Berasain P Goni F McGonigle S | 1997 | J Parasitol1997，83，： | 1 |
| 9 | New therapies for hepatoc-ellularcarcinoma显示文摘 | Avila MA Berasain C Sangro B | 2006 | Oncogene2006，25，38： | 1 |
| 10 | Hyperhomocysteinemia in Liver Cir rhosis 显示文摘 | Carmen Berasain Jose An tonio Rodr i guez | 2001 | Hypertension2001，38，： | 1 |
| 11 | Hyperhomocysteinemia in Liver Cirrhosis: Mechanisms and Role in Vascular and Hepatic Fibrosis显示文摘 | Elena Ruiz García-Tevijano Carmen Berasain José Antonio Rodríguez Fernando José Corrales Roberto Arias Antonio Martín-Duce Juan Caballería José María Mato Matías Antonio Avila | 2001 | Hypertension: Journal of the American Heart Association2001，，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Reduced mRNA abundance of the main enzymes involved in methionine metabolism in human liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma 显示文摘 | AVII A M A BERASAIN C TORRES L | 2000 | J Hepatol2000，33，： | 1 |
| 13 | Reduced in RNA abuncauce of the main enzymes in volvod in methionine metabolism in human liver cirrhosis and hepato cellular carcinoma显示文摘 | Avila MA Berasain C Tortes L | 2000 | J Hepatal2000，33，： | 1 |
| 14 | Inflammation and liver cancer:new molecular links显示文摘 | Berasain C Castillo J Perugorria M J | 2009 | Ann N Y Acad Sci2009，1155，： | 1 |
| 15 | Reduced mRNA abundance of the main enzymes involved in methionine metabolism in human liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘 | Avila MS Berasain C Torres L | 2000 | J Hepatol2000，33，6： | 1 |
| 16 | New molecular targets for hepatocellular carcinoma: the ErbB1 signaling system 显示文摘 | Berasain C Castillo J Prieto J | 2007 | Liver International2007，27，2： | 1 |
| 17 | The epidermal growth factor receptor: a link between in- flammation and liver cancer显示文摘 | Berasain C | 2009 | Exp Biol Med ( Maywood )2009，234，7： | 1 |
| 18 | SarA and notsigmaB is essential for biofilm development by Staphylo-coccus aureus显示文摘 | Valle J Toledo-Arana A Berasain C | 2003 | Mol Microbiol2003，48，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Reduced mRNA abu ndance of the main enzxymes involved in methionine metabolism in human liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘 | Avila MA Berasain C Torres L | 2000 | J Hepatol2000，33，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Reduced mRNA abundance of the main enzymes involved in methionine metabolism in human liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘 | Avila MA Berasain C Torres L | 2000 | J Hepatol2000，33，6： | 1 |
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