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| 1 | Frost heave and freezing processes of saturated rock with an open crack under different freezing conditions显示文摘Frost heave experiments on saturated sandstone and tuff with an open crack are conducted under uniform and unidirectional freezing conditions.Frost heave of crack in sandstone with high permeability is more significant under uniform freezing condition than that under unidirectional freezing condition.However,frost heave of crack in tuff with low permeability is more significant under unidirectional freezing condition.To illustrate the reasons for this phenomenon,a numerical model on the freezing processes of saturated rock with an open crack considering the latent heat of pore water and water in crack is proposed and confirmed to be reliable.Numerical results show that a frozen shell that blocks the migration of water in crack to rock develops first in the outer part of the rock before the freezing of water in crack under unifonn freezing condition.However,the migration path of water in crack to the unfrozen rock under freezing front exists under unidirectional freezing condition.The freezing process and permeability of rock together determine the migration of water in crack and lead to the different frost heave modes of crack for various permeable rocks under different freezing conditions.The frost heave modes of crack in rock with low or high permeability are similar under uniform freezing condition because water migration is blocked by a frozen shell and is irrelevant to rock permeability.For high permeability rock,the frost heave of crack will be weakened due to water migration under unidirectional freezing condition;however,the frost heave of crack would be more significant for low permeability rock because water migration is blocked under unidirectional freezing condition.Therefore,the freezing condition and rock permeability determine the frost heave of rock with crack together,and this should be concerned in cold regions engineering applications. | Zhitao Lv Caichu XIA Yuesong WANG Ziliang LIN | 2020 | Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering2020，14，4： | 5 |
| 2 | Modified ground response curve(GRC)in strain-softening rock mass based on the generalized Zhang-Zhu strength criterion considering over-excavation显示文摘The ground response curve(GRC)depicts the relationship between support reaction force and ground displacement,which improves the understanding of ground-support interaction and provides important references to the tunnel design.However,it is difficult to anticipate the tunneling-induced large deformation with sufficient reliability in soft rock with high geostress since the small strain theory is not applicable.When large deformation occurs,the tunnel needs to be over-excavated.Thus,the GRC should be modified considering the enlarged excavation radius since the actual excavation radius is usually greater than the designed one.To overcome the shortcomings of small strain theory in recognizing ground-support interaction under large deformation circumstances,a new large strain numerical approach for modifying the GRC was proposed considering over-excavation in strain-softening rock masses based on the generalized Zhang-Zhu strength criterion.A case study was conducted based on the Lianchengshan tunnel in China.The modified GRC was employed to investigate the ground-support behavior for different support schemes and to explore the applicability of the stress release measures.Combined with field tests,the proposed approach was validated.By comparing with GRCs proposed by previous work,the present modified GRC was proved to be superior to others.Parametric studies were conducted and it is found that over-excavation,for example,reserving a very large clearance between the surrounding rock and the support,is necessary to reduce ground pressure to a large extent.The yielding supports which can provide high support pressure during the process of deformation are highly recommended when tunneling in high geostress environment.However,if the initial geostress is not very high,it is not necessary to pursue unwarranted overexcavation since the ground pressure applied on the support is mainly the loosening stress when the deformation is large.Ample support stiffness should be provided in the process of deformation to prevent uncontrolled large deformation of surrounding rock. | Chen Xu Caichu Xia Changling Han | 2021 | Underground Space2021，6，5： | 2 |
| 3 | Time-dependent tests on intact rocks in uniaxial compression显示文摘 | Li Yongsheng Xia Caichu | 2000 | Int J rock Mech & Min Sci2000，37，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Experimental study on the thermal performance of tunnel lining ground heat exchangers显示文摘 | Guozhu Zhang Caichu Xia Yong Yang Meng Sun Yichuan Zou | 2014 | Energy & Buildings2014，，： | 1 |
| 5 | A new model and analytical solution for the heat conduction of tunnel lining ground heat exchangers显示文摘 | Guozhu Zhang Caichu Xia Meng Sun Yichuan Zou Suguang Xiao | 2013 | Cold Regions Science and Technology2013，，： | 1 |
| 6 | Time-dependent tests on intact rocks in uniaxial compression显示文摘 | Yongsheng Li Caichu Xia | 2000 | International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences2000，，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Time-dependent tests on intact rocks in uniaxial compression显示文摘 | LI YONGSHENG XIA CAICHU | 2000 | International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences2000，37，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Time-dependent tests on intact rocks in uniaxial compression 显示文摘 | Yongsheng Li Caichu Xia | 2000 | International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences2000，37，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Time-dependent tests on intact rocks in uniaxial compression显示文摘 | LI YONGSHENG XIA CAICHU | 2000 | International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences2000，37，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Tunnels in squeezing clay-rich rocks显示文摘Squeezing ground conditions,which can lead to severe loads in tunnels,have historically been associated with the presence of clay minerals in the ground.Over the years,many methodologies have been proposed to predict squeezing in tunnels based on tunnel depth,in situ stress,ground mineralogy,and ground strength and deformation behavior.This paper presents a comprehensive review of methodologies to predict tunnel squeezing in clay-rich rocks.A new methodology is proposed where ground conditions and squeezing potential are assessed based on the Stress History and Normalized Soil Engineering Properties(SHANSEP)approach adapted to clayrich rocks,Peck’s stability number and Hoek&Brown’s(1997)Geological Strength Index(GSI).A squeezing number S is suggested to classify ground conditions based on the level of squeezing that the ground may experience in response to tunneling.Finally,it is demonstrated that by combining the proposed classification system and an existing classification system for ground squeezing condition,an accurate estimate of tunnel strain can also be obtained.The proposed method is applied to four case studies of tunnels in squeezing ground in shale and mudstone. | Ketan Arora Marte Gutierrez Ahmadreza Hedayat Caichu Xia | 2021 | Underground Space2021，6，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Time-dependent tests on intact rocks in uniaxial compression显示文摘 | Yongsheng Li Caichu Xia | 2000 | Rock mechanics and min- ing sciences2000，137，： | 1 |
| 12 | New peak shear strength criterion of rock joints based on quantified surface description显示文摘 | XIA Caichu TANG Zhicheng XIAO Weiming | 2014 | Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering2014，47，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Time-dependent tests on intact rocks in uniaxial compression显示文摘 | Li Yongsheng Xia Caichu | 2000 | International journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences2000，37，： | 1 |
| 14 | Comparison of different excavation sequences of large-span unsymmetrical arcade tunnel显示文摘 | Ye Bin Zhu Hehua Xia Caichu | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Air tightness of compressed air storage energy caverns with polymer sealing layer subjected to various air pressures显示文摘During the operation of compressed air storage energy system,the rapid change of air pressure in a cavern will cause drastic changes in air density and permeability coefficient of sealing layer.To calculate and properly evaluate air tightness of polymer sealing caverns,the air-pressure-related air density and permeability must be considered.In this context,the high-pressure air penetration in the polymer sealing layer is studied in consideration of thermodynamic change of the cavern structure during the system operation.The air tightness model of compressed air storage energy caverns is then established.In the model,the permeability coefficient and air density of sealing layer vary with air pressure,and the effectiveness of the model is verified by field data in two test caverns.Finally,a compressed air storage energy cavern is taken as an example to understand the air tightness.The air leakage rate in the caverns is larger than that using air-pressure-independent permeability coefficient and air density,which is constant and small in the previous leakage rate calculation.Under the operating pressure of 4.5-10 MPa,the daily air leakage in the compressed air storage energy cavern of Yungang Mine with high polymer butyl rubber as the sealing material is 0.62%,which can meet the sealing requirements of compressed air storage energy caverns.The air tightness of the polymer sealing cavern is mainly affected by the cavern operating pressure,injected air temperature,cavern radius,and sealing layer thickness.The cavern air leakage rate will be decreased to reduce the cavern operating pressure the injection air temperature,or the cavern radius and sealing layer thickness will be increased. | Shikang Qin Caichu Xia Shuwei Zhou | 2023 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2023，15，8： | 0 |
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