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| 1 | Leaf surface factors of transgenic Bt cotton associated with the feeding behaviors of cotton aphids:A case study on non-target effects显示文摘The present paper reports case study results of the risk assessment of transgenic Bt cotton on a non-target pest, cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii. Several types of techniques, i.e., electrical penetration graph (EPG), light and electron microscopy, bioassays and chemical analysis, were applied to investigate physical and chemical leaf factors of 2 transgenic Bt cotton lines (GK12 and GK19) and their pa-rental non-Bt cotton line (Simian3) associated with searching and feeding behaviors of cotton aphids on leaves or leaf extracts of cotton plants. EPG results showed that there were some differences among behaviors of cotton aphids on 2 Bt cotton and 1 non-Bt cotton lines. Cotton aphids performed similarly to leaf surface extracts from 3 cotton lines; and leaf surface chemicals, mainly volatiles and waxes, were almost identical in the components and concentrations among the cotton lines. However, three cotton lines were quite different from each other in the densities of certain kinds of covering trichomes. Therefore, the relationships between the physical characteristics and the searching behaviors of cotton aphids on the three cotton lines were constructed as the regression equations. Glandular trichomes and covering trichomes with 5 branches influenced the cotton aphids' searching behaviors effectively; and other trichomes with other branches affected aphids in varying ways. These results demonstrated that leaf surface physical factors of transgenic Bt cotton lines different from their parental non-Bt line could affect the penetration behaviors of non-target cotton aphids. Cotton aphids penetrate and feed more easily on two Bt cotton lines than on the non-Bt cotton line. | XUE Kun, DENG Su, WANG RongJiang, YAN FengMing, XU ChongRen College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China | 2008 | Science China(Life Sciences)2008，51，2： | 8 |
| 2 | EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BED-LOAD SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN IRREGULAR WAVE-CURRENT COEXISTENT FIELD显示文摘In order to evaluate bed load sediment transport in an irregular wave current coexistent field, a series of experiments were completed in laboratory with an irregularly oscillating tray, which was specially designed to simulate the irregular wave current coexistent field. Experimental results are presented on the initial motion of sediment and the rates of transport over flat horizontal bed. Testing conditions included three interaction angles, 0°, 45°, 90° and six kinds of grain sizes. Four kinds (0.2mm, 0.46mm, 0.85mm and 1.3mm) were used for the tests of initial motion, while the other two kinds (0.38mm and 1.1mm) for the tests of transport rate. Comparisons between experimental results of initial motion and modified Shields curve indicate that the Shields curve is still valid for the case of irregular wave current coexistent field. Analysis of flow regime shows that initial conditions fall within smooth turbulent transitional region. The results of transport rate show us that net sediment transport rate can be expressed approximately as the function of the maximum bottom shear stress and mean shear stress. A dimensionless formula is proposed on the basis of mechanism 'Waves erode sediments, tides transport sediments'. [WT5”HZ] | Wu, Yongsheng Qin, Chongren Hu, Mei | 2000 | Journal of Hydrodynamics2000，12，2： | 2 |
| 3 | Two new steroidal tetraglycosides from the rhizomes of Smilacina atropurpurea显示文摘Smilacina atropurpurea(family Convallariaceae)is a perennial herb used medicinally for the trea tment of lung ailments,rheumatism,menstrual disorders,and cuts and bruises,by the local people of its growing areas in southwest China.The tender aerial part has also been used as a wild vegetable by Lisu,Naxi and Tibetan people.Chemical analysis of the rhizomes of this plant has allowed us to isolate two new minor steroidal tetraglycosides,specifically atropurosides H(1) and I(2),by repeated column chromatography over silica gel and reversed phase silica.The structures were determined to be(25R,S)-12β-hydroxy-spirost-5-ene-3β-yl-O-β-D-glucopyranosy1-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside(1)and(25S)-5α-spirost-17α-hydroxy-3β-yl-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopy-ranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galacto pyranoside(2),respectively,on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis including ID and 2D NM R techniques. | Ying Zhang Haizhou Li Chongren Yang Yingjun Zhang | 2013 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2013，3，1： | 2 |
| 4 | Phenolic antioxidants from Chinese toon (fresh young leaves and shoots of Toona sinensis) 显示文摘 | Wang Kaijin Yang Chongren Zhang Yingjun | 2007 | Food Chemistry2007，，101： | 1 |
| 5 | Water use and the development of seasonal crop coefficients for Superior Seedless grapevines trained to an open-gable trellis system显示文摘 | Yishai Netzer Chongren Yao Moshe Shenker Ben-Ami Bravdo Amnon Schwartz | 2009 | Irrigation Science2009，，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Labdane-type diterpene glucosides from fruits of Rubus chingii 显示文摘 | Kazuhiro Ohtani Yang Chongren Chikako Miyajima | 1991 | Chemical and pharmaceutical Bulletin1991，39，9： | 1 |
| 7 | Steroid sapon-ains from Polygonatum kingianum显示文摘 | Li Xingcong Yang Chongren Ichikawa M | 1992 | Phytochemistry1992，31，10： | 1 |
| 8 | Minor Dammarane Sapo- nins from Panax notoginseng 显示文摘 | Ping Zhao Yu -Qing Liu ChongRen Yang | 1996 | Phytochemistry1996，4，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Effects of transgenic plants on soil microorganisms显示文摘 | Biao Liu Qing Zeng Fengming Yan Haigen Xu Chongren Xu | 2005 | Plant and Soil (-)2005，，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Polyhydroxylated steroidal sapogenins from tupistra wattii显示文摘 | SHEN Ping WANG Sanlong YANG Chongren | 2003 | Acta Botanica Sinica2003，45，： | 1 |
| 11 | Steroidal saponins fro- ma cultivated form of Agave sisalana 显示文摘 | YI D RUIHUA T CHONGREN Y | 1989 | Phytochemistry1989，28，10： | 1 |
| 12 | Experimental study on bed-load sediment transport under irregular wave and current combined flow显示文摘Using an irregularly oscillating tray and flume, a series of experiments are completed to evaluate bed-load sediment transport rate under irregular wave -current coexistent field. Testing conditions include three interaction angles 0’, 45’, 90’ and two kinds of median sizes (0.38 and 1.10 mm). The results of transport rate show that the net sediment transport rate can be expressed approximately as the function of the maximum bottom shear stress of waves, mean shear stress of current and the grain size. | Wu Yongsheng,Qin Chongren (1. Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 2. School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China) | 2001 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2001，20，2： | 1 |
| 13 | The macrophage cholesterol exporter ABCA1 functions as an anti-inflammatory receptor显示文摘 | Chongren T Yuhua L Peter SK | 2009 | J Biol Chem2009，284，32： | 1 |
| 14 | Phenolic antioxidants from Chinense toon显示文摘 | Kaijin Wang Chongren Yang Yingjun Zhang | 2007 | Food Chem2007，101，： | 1 |
| 15 | Humans With Atherosclerosis Have Impaired ABCA1 Cholesterol Efflux and Enhanced High-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation by Myeloperoxidase显示文摘 | Baohai Shao Chongren Tang Abhishek Sinha Philip S. Mayer George D. Davenport Nathan Brot Michael N. Oda Xue-Qiao Zhao Jay W. Heinecke | 2014 | Circulation Research2014，，11： | 1 |
| 16 | A newly discovered member of the fatty acid desaturase gene family: A non-coding, antisense RNA gene to Δ5-desaturase显示文摘 | Thomas D. Dreesen Aaron W. Adamson Michael Tekle Chongren Tang Hyekung P. Cho Steven D. Clarke Thomas W. Gettys | 2006 | Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA)2006，，2： | 1 |
| 17 | An Agent-Based Simulation Model of Knowledge Spillover Under the Influence of High-Speed Railway显示文摘The calculation for the influence of high-speed railway on knowledge spillover is based on the results of global instantaneous equilibrium in the mechanism explanation of knowledge spillover. In real production, the interaction between the high-speed railway and the regional innovation system is dynamic and local. In order to simulate the impact of high-speed railway on innovation activities in the time dimension, it is necessary to simulate scenarios under appropriate parameter assumptions. Based on the interaction of economic participants, a discrete evolutionary simulation model is established,which is helpful to predict and estimate the evolution of spatial effect of high-speed railway according to the theory of cellular automata. It is concluded that high-speed railway accelerates the formation of knowledge innovation industry cluster in the region in the process of regional knowledge innovation and evolution. Under the influence of high-speed railway, the node city will gradually evolve into a regional innovation center. By comparing the production evolution of knowledge innovation system with and without high-speed railway, the results show that high-speed railway has a more significant impact on knowledge spillover in higher knowledge privatization environment. Under the background of low labor migration rate, high-speed railway has increased the potential of regional innovation to external knowledge spillover. In the case of higher labor migration rate, the convergence rate of influence of high-speed railway on the concentration of innovation is faster. | Yun ZHAO Chongren BI | 2019 | Journal of Systems Science and Information2019，10，2： | 0 |
| 18 | The S-RHT(R) Technology for Residue Hydrotreating显示文摘The S-RHT technology is developed by FRIPP for residue hydrotreating in the fixed bed in order to process the high sulfur crude and increase the yield of light distillates. The technology can be used for treating various kinds of atmospheric residues (AR) or vacuum residues (VR) with a total metal content less than 150 ppm under the operating conditions of a temperature ranging from 360-410℃, a hydrogen partial pressure of 14-15 MPa, a LHSV of 0.20-0.30h-1 and a hydrogen to oil ratio of 700-1000. A certain amount of light products can be obtained and the hydrotreated atmospheric residue can fully meet the needs for the feedstock to RFCC or a blending feedstock to FCC. Based on the S-RHT technology, a 2 Mt/a residue hydrotreating unit has been constructed and successfully started up at Maoming Petrochemical Company by the end of 1999. | Han Chongren Wang Gang Hu Changlu | 2001 | China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology2001，3，3： | 0 |
| 19 | Three amino acid substitutions contributing to thermostability of phosphoglucose isomerase in the Glanville fritillary butterfly显示文摘Temperature is one of the most important environmental factors that affect organisms,especially ectotherms,due to its effects on protein stability.Understanding the general rules that govern thermostability changes in proteins to adapt high-temperature environments is crucial.Here,we report the amino acid substitutions of phosphoglucose isomerase(PGI)related to thermostability in the Glanville fritillary butterfly(Melitaea cinxia,Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae).The PGI encoded by the most common allele in M.cinxia in the Chinese population(G3-PGI),which is more thermal tolerant,is more stable under heat stress than that in the Finnish population(D1-PGI).There are 5 amino acid substitutions between G3-PGI and D1-PGI.Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that the combination of amino acid substitutions of H35Q,M49T,and I64V may increase PGI thermostability.These substitutions alter the 3D structure to increase the interaction between 2 monomers of PGI.Through molecular dynamics simulations,it was found that the amino acid at site 421 is more stable in G3-PGI,confining the motion of theα-helix 420-441 and stabilizing the interaction between 2 PGI monomers.The strategy for hightemperature adaptation through these 3 amino acid substitutions is also adopted by other butterfly species(Boloria eunomia,Aglais urticae,Colias erate,and Polycaena lua)concurrent with M.cinxia in the Tianshan Mountains of China,i.e.,convergent evolution in butterflies. | Jianing Yang Di Wang Hui Liu Lin Wang Ling Jin Virpi Ahola Chongren Xu Rongjiang Wang | 2023 | Insect Science2023，30，3： | 0 |
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