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| 1 | LAGFD-WAM numerical wave model-Ⅰ. Basic physical model显示文摘The LAGFD-WAM wave model is a third generation wave model. In the present paper the physical aspect of the model was shown in great detail including energy spectrum balance equation, complicated characteristics equations and source functions. | Yuan Yeli, Hua Feng, Pan Zengdi Sun Letao First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266003, China | 1991 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica1991，10，4： | 46 |
| 2 | Evidence for water exchange between the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean through the Luzon Strait显示文摘An analysis of historical oxygen data provides evidence on the water exchange between the South China Sea(SCS)and the Pacific Ocean(PO).In the vicinity of the Luzon Strait(LS),the dissolved oxygen concentration of sea water is found to be lower on the Pacific side than on the SCS side at depths between 700 and 1500 rn(intermediate layer),while the situation is reversed above 700 rn(upper layer)and below 1 500 rn(deep layer).The evidence suggests that water exits the SCS in the intermediate layer but enters it from the Pacific in both the upper and the deep layers,supporting the earlier speculation that the Luzon Strait transport has a sandwiched structure in the vertical.Within the SCS basin,the oxygen distribution indicates widespread vertical rnovernent,including the upwelling in the intermediate layer and the downwelling in the deep layer. | Qu Tangdong(曲堂栋) | 2002 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2002，21，2： | 40 |
| 3 | A numerical study of the South China Sea deep circulation and its relation to the Luzon Strait transport显示文摘A fine-resolution MOM code is used to study the South China Sea basin-scale circulation and its relation to the mass transport through the Luzon Strait. The modal domain includes the South China Sea, part of the East China Sea, and part of the Philippine Sea so that the currents in the vicinity of the Luzon Strait are free to evolve. In addition, all channels between the South China ,Sea and the Indonesian seas are closed so that the focus is on the Luzon Strait transport. The model is driven by specified Philippine Sea currents and by surface heat and salt flux conditions. For simplicity, no windstress is applied at the surface.The simulated Luzon Strait transport and the South China Sea circulation feature a sandwich vertical structure from the surface to the bottom. The Philippine Sea water is simulated to enter the South China Sea at the surface and in the deep ocean and is carried to the southern basin by western boundary currents. At the intermediate depth, the net Luzon Strait transport is out of the South China Sea and is fed by a western boundary current flowing to the north at the base of the thermocline. Corresponding to the western boundary currents, the basin circulation of the South China Sea is cyclonic gyres at the surface and in the abyss but an anti-cyclonic gyre at the intermediate depth. The vorticity balance of the gyre circulation is between the vortex stretching and the meridional change of the planetary vorticity.Based on these facts, it is hypothesized that the Luzon Strait transports are determined by the diapycnal mixing inside the entire South China Sea. The South China Sea plays the role of a 'mixing mill' that mixes the surface and deep waters to return them to the Luzon Strait at the intermediate depth. The gyre structures are consistent with the Stommel and Arons theory (1960), which suggests that the mixlng-induced circulation inside the South China Sea should be cyclonic gyres at the surface and at the bottom but an anti-cyclonic gyre at the intermediate depth. The simulated gyre circulation at the intermediate depth has been confirmed by the dynamic height calculation based on the Levitns hydrography data.The sandwich transports in the Luzon Strait are consistent with recent hydrographic, al observations.Model results suggest that the Kuroshio tends to form a loop current in the northeastern South China Sea. The simulated Kuroshio Loop Current is generated by the pressure head at the Pacific side of the Luzon Strait and is enhanced by theβ- plane effects. The β- plane appears to be of paramount importance to the South China Sea circulation and to the Luzon Strait translports. Without theβ-plane, the Luzon Strait transports would be greatly reduced and the South China Sea circulation would be complete-ly different. | Yuan Dongliang1. Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County Code 971, Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA | 2002 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2002，21，2： | 37 |
| 4 | Detection of nighttime sea fog/stratus over the Huang-hai Sea using MTSAT-1R IR data显示文摘A dual channel difference (DCD) method is applied to detect nighttime sea fog/stratus over the Huanghai Sea using the infrared (IR) data of shortwave (3.5–4.0 μm) and longwave (10.3–11.3 μm) channels from the Multi-functional Transport Satellite (MTSAT)-1R, i.e., shortwave minus longwave brightness temperature difference (SLTD). Twenty-four sea fog events over the Huanghai Sea during March to July of 2006 and 2007 are chosen to determine a suitable value of SLTD for nighttime sea fog/stratus detection, and it is found that the value of –5.5––2.5°C can be taken as a criterion. Two case examples of sea fog events are especially demonstrated in detail utilizing the criterion, and the results show that the derived sea fog/stratus coverage is quite reasonable. This coverage information is very helpful to analyze the formation and evolution of sea fog/stratus during night and can provide sea fog researchers with observational evidences for model results verification. However, more efforts are needed to further obtain vertical extent information of sea fog/stratus and attempt to discriminate between sea fog and stratus. | GAO Shanhong WU Wei ZHU Leilei FU Gang HUANG Bin | 2009 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2009，28，2： | 36 |
| 5 | The statistic inversion algorithms of water constituents for the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea显示文摘A group of statistical algorithms are proposed for the inversion of the three major components of CaseII waters inthe coastal area of the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea. The algorithms are based on the in situ data collected inthe spring of 2003 with strict quality assurance according to NASA ocean bio-optic protocols. These algorithms arethe first ones with quantitative confidence that can be applied for the area. The average relative error of the inversedand in situ measured components’ concentrations are: Chl-a about 37%, total suspended matter (TSM) about 25%,respectively. This preliminary result is quite satisfactory for CaseII waters, although some aspects in the modelneed further study. The sensitivity of the input error of 5% to remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) is also analyzed andit shows the algorithms are quite stable. The algorithms show a large difference with Tassans local SeaWiFSalgorithms for different waters, except for the Chl-a algorithm. | TANGJunwu WANGXiaomei SONGQingjun LITongji CHENJiezhong HUANGHaijun RENJingping | 2004 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2004，23，4： | 33 |
| 6 | Practical implementation of Hilbert-Huang Transform algorithm显示文摘Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) is a newly developed powerful method for nonlinearand non-stationary time series analysis. The empirical mode decomposition is the key part of HHT,while its algorithm was protected by NASA as a US patent, which limits the wide application among thescientific community. Two approaches, mirror periodic and extrema extending methods, have been de-veloped for handling the end effects of empirical mode decomposition. The implementation of the HHT isrealized in detail to widen the application. The detailed comparison of the results from two methods withthat from Huang et al. (1998, 1999), and the comparison between two methods are presented. Gener-ally, both methods reproduce faithful results as those of Huang et al. For mirror periodic method(MPM), the data are extended once forever. Ideally, it is a way for handling the end effects of theHHT, especially for the signal that has symmetric waveform. The extrema extending method (EEM)behaves as good as MPM, and it is better than MPM for the signal that has strong asymmetric wave-form. However, it has to perform extrema envelope extending in every shifting process. | 黄大吉 赵进平 苏纪兰 | 2003 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2003，22，1： | 34 |
| 7 | Abundance and biomass of meiobenthos in the spawning ground of anchovy (Engraulis japanicus) in the southern Huanghai Sea显示文摘A grid of 22 stations, giving a broad coverage of the spawning ground of anchovy in the southern Huanghai Sea was selected. Undis- turbed sediments were taken from sampling stations during the cruise in June 2003. The average abundance of meiofauna is (1 584± 686) ind./10cm2, with corresponding biomass (dwt) of (1 086±425)!μg/10cm2. The pattern of abundance of meiofauna is similar to the pattern of biomass. There are 65.88% meiofauna in 0￣2 cm sediments, 27.66% in 2￣5 cm sediments and 6.47% in 5￣8 cm sediments. The Spearman correlation analysis between meiofauna and environmental factors shows that abundance of meiofauna, free living ma- rine nematodes, benthic copepods has significant positive correlations with Chl-a. And the abundance of copepods has significant posi- tive correlations with several factors such as Chl-a, Pha-a, Chl-a plus Pha-a and organic matter. A total of 18 meiofauna groups are i- dentified. Nematode is the most dominant group, average abundance (1 404±670) ind/10cm2, accounting for 88.65%, and the follow- ing groups are also important: benthic copepods (5.48%), kinorhyncha (1.26%), polychaeta (1.07%). By biomass, dominant groups are nematodes (51.72%), polychaeta (21.84%), copepods (14.87%), ostracoda (4.92%), kinorhyncha (3.67%). A total of 90 species of ne- matodes are identified. The species composition of nematodes is listed based on selected two stations 7794 (coastal area) and 10694 (cold water mass in deep waters). | LIUXiaoshou ZHANGZhinan HUANGYong | 2005 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2005，24，3： | 28 |
| 8 | Petrologic perspectives on tectonic evolution of a nascent basin(Okinawa Trough) behind Ryukyu Arc: A review显示文摘Okinawa Trough is a back-arc, initial marginal sea basin, located behind the Ryukyu Arc–Trench System. The formation and evolution of the Okinawa Trough is intimately related to the subduction process of the Philippine Sea Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate since the late Miocene. The tectonic evolution of the trough is similar to other active back-arcs, such as the Mariana Trough and southern Lau Basin, all of which are experiencing the initial rifting and subsequent spreading process. This study reviews all petrologic and geochemical data of mafic volcanic lavas from the Okinawa Trough, Ryukyu Arc, and Philippine Sea Plate, combined with geophysical data to indicate the relationship between the subduction sources(input) and arc or back-arc magmas(output) in the Philippine Sea Plate–Ryukyu Arc–Okinawa Trough system(PROS). The results obtained showed that several components were variably involved in the petrogenesis of the Okinawa Trough lavas: sub-continental lithospheric mantle underlying the Eurasian Plate, Indian mid-oceanic ridge basalt(MORB)-type mantle, and Pacific MORB-type mantle. The addition of shallow aqueous fluids and deep hydrous melts from subducted components with the characteristics of Indian MORB-type mantle into the mantle source of lavas variably modifies the primitive mantle wedge beneath the Ryukyu and subcontinental lithospheric mantle(SCLM) beneath the Okinawa Trough. In the northeastern end of the trough and arc, instead of Indian MORB-type mantle, Pacific MORB-type mantle dominates the magma source. Along the strike of the Ryukyu Arc and Okinawa Trough, the systematic variations in trace element ratios and isotopic compositions reflect the first-order effect of variable subduction input on the magma source. In general, petrologic data, combined with geophysical data, imply that the Okinawa Trough is experiencing the 'seafloor spreading' process in the southwest segment, 'rift propagation' process in the middle segment, and 'crustal extension' process in the northeast segment, and a nascent ocean basin occurs in the southwest segment. | YAN Quanshu SHI Xuefa | 2014 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2014，33，4： | 27 |
| 9 | Atmospheric correction for China's coastal water colorremote sensing显示文摘The space satellite programs, such as CZCS/Nimbus - 7, VHRSR/FY - 1, OCFS/ ADEOS and SeaWiFS/SeaStar, have demonstrated and proven that remote sensing is a powerful tool for understanding the spatial and temporal ocean color distribution. In general, there are two main techni-cal keys in the processing ocean color satellite data. They are the atmospheric correction and the inver-sion of water-leaving radiance into water constituents (such as chlorophyll, suspended material and yel low substance) quantitatively. The SeaWiFS (sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor) atmospheric correc-tion algorithm for China’s coastal waters is discussed. First, the major advantages of SeaWiFS are introduced. Second, in view of the problems of the SeaDAS algorithm applying in China’ s coastal waters, the local atmospheric correction algorithms are discussed and developed. Finally, the advantages of the local algorithms are presented by the compari-son of the results from two different algorithms. | PanDelu, Mao Zhihua 1. Laboratory of Ocean Dynamic Processes and Satellite Oceanography of State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China 2. Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences of State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China | 2001 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2001，20，3： | 26 |
| 10 | Preliminary study on seasonal succession and development pathway of phytoplankton community in the Bohai Sea显示文摘Phytoplankton species composition and species succession were determined in 1998-1999 based on 2 nestle investigation cruises in the Bohai Sea and two monthly monitoring stations at Penglai and Changdao for 15 months. The seasonal succession and pathway of phytoplankton community in the Bohai Sea were discussed complementarily with history data. The main process of Phytoplankton community development in the Bohai Sea was controlled by temperature and nutrient replenishes. There were two cell abundance peaks in an annual variation, the main peak in April and the secondary peak in September. In winter, the cell abundance was low due to the low temperature, the phytoplankton community was mainly made up of small-celled diataoms. In spring, the phytoplankton community was developed very quickly by small-celled diatom in suitable conditions of temperature and nutrients. In summer, the cell abundance decreased and big-celled diatoms became predominated. In autumn, because of the replenish of nutrient, big-celled diatoms and dinoflagellates formed another cell abundance peak. during the annual variation of phytoplankton community in the Bohai Sea, species succession was the main process of community development, the species sequence just occur at special areas and special periods. The evolution of phytoplankton community in the Bohai Sea accords with the hypothesis of Margalef’s phytoplankton community of four stages. But the size feature is contrary to the hypothesis, which may be caused by nutrient replenish in autumn in Bohai Sea and the top to down control. | Sun Jun, Liu Dongyan, Qian Shuben (1. Marine Ecosystem Dynamic Lab, Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003, China. ) | 2001 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2001，20，2： | 24 |
| 11 | Application of LICOM to the numerical study of the water exchange between the South China Sea and its adjacent oceans显示文摘On the basis of 900-year integration of a global ocean circulation model—LICOM driven by ECMWF reanalysis wind data with uni-form 0.5°-grids, a quantitative estimate of the annual and monthly mean water exchange of the South China Sea (SCS) with its adjacentoceans through 5 straits is obtained. Among them, the annual transport is the largest in the Luzon Strait, then in the Taiwan Strait, andthen in the Sunda Shelf, in the Balabac Strait and in the Mindoro Strait in turn, the largest monthly transport variation appears in theLuzon Strait and Sunda shelf. It is shown that the mass transport through the Taiwan Strait is affected by monsoon, while the transportthrough the Luzon Strait may be associated with the bifurcation position of the North Equatorial Current off the east Philippines shore;the transports in the Luzon Strait and Sunda Shelf are out of phase in direction but well correlated in magnitude. The annual andmonthly mean heat and salinity exchange of the SCS through the straits are also calculated and shown to be in phase with the masstransport. The Kuroshio water carries about 0.43 PW heat transport and 151.33 kt/s salinity transport into the SCS, while most of themis carried out of the SCS through the Taiwan Strait and Sunda Shelf annually. The further model integration based on the 900-year inte-gration for another 44 a from 1958 to 2001 driven by real wind data (ERA40 data) shows that the monthly mean mass transport viathese straits varies annually with a large variation range, which may be associated with the seasonal and interannual variations in thecurrent field and sea surface height in the SCS. The mean mass transport through the Taiwan Strait, Luzon Strait, Mindoro Strait, Bal-abac Strait and Sunda Shelf is 2.012 × 106, -4.063 × 106, -0.124 × 106, -0.083 × 106 and 2.258 × 106 m3/s, respectively. | CAI Shuqun LIU Hailong LI Wei LONG Xiaomin | 2005 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2005，24，4： | 24 |
| 12 | Surface current field and seasonal variability in the Kuroshio and adjacent regions derived from satellite-tracked drifter data显示文摘The multiyear averaged surface current field and seasonal variability in the Kuroshio and adjacent regions are studied.The data used are trajectories and(1/4)° latitude by(1/4)° longitude mean currents derived from 323 Argos drifters deployed by Chinese institutions and world ocean circulation experiment from 1979 to 2003.The results show that the Kuroshio surface path adapts well to the western boundary topography and exhibits six great turnings.The branching occurs frequently near anticyclonic turnings rather than near cyclonic ones.In the Luzon Strait,the surface water intrusion into the South China Sea occurs only in fall and winter.The Kuroshio surface path east of Taiwan,China appears nearly as straight lines in summer,fall,and winter,when anticyclonic eddies coexist on its right side;while the path may cyclonically turning in spring when no eddy exists.The Kuroshio intrusion northeast of Taiwan often occurs in fall and winter,but not in summer.The running direction,width and velocity of the middle segment of the Kuroshio surface currents in the East China Sea vary seasonally.The northward intrusion of the Kuroshio surface water southwest of Kyushu occurs in spring and fall,but not in summer.The northmost position of the Kuroshio surface path southwest of Kyushu occurs in fall,but never goes beyond 31°N.The northward surface current east of the Ryukyu Islands exists only along Okinawa-Amami Islands from spring to fall.In particular,it appears as an arm of an anticyclonic eddy in fall. | HU Xiaomin XIONG Xuejun QIAO Fangli GUO Binghuo LIN Xiaopei | 2008 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2008，27，3： | 23 |
| 13 | The long-term trend of the sea surface wind speed and the wave height (wind wave, swell, mixed wave) in global ocean during the last 44 a显示文摘Utilizing the 45 a European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)reanalysis wave data(ERA-40),the long-term trend of the sea surface wind speed and(wind wave,swell,mixed wave)wave height in the global ocean at grid point 1.5×1.5 during the last 44 a is analyzed.It is discovered that a majority of global ocean swell wave height exhibits a significant linear increasing trend(2–8 cm/decade),the distribution of annual linear trend of the significant wave height(SWH)has good consistency with that of the swell wave height.The sea surface wind speed shows an annually linear increasing trend mainly concentrated in the most waters of Southern Hemisphere westerlies,high latitude of the North Pacific,Indian Ocean north of 30 S,the waters near the western equatorial Pacific and low latitudes of the Atlantic waters,and the annually linear decreasing mainly in central and eastern equator of the Pacific,Juan.Fernandez Archipelago,the waters near South Georgia Island in the Atlantic waters.The linear variational distribution characteristic of the wind wave height is similar to that of the sea surface wind speed.Another find is that the swell is dominant in the mixed wave,the swell index in the central ocean is generally greater than that in the offshore,and the swell index in the eastern ocean coast is greater than that in the western ocean inshore,and in year-round hemisphere westerlies the swell index is relatively low. | ZHENG Chongwei ZHOU Lin HUANG Chaofan SHI Yinglong LI Jiaxun LI Jing | 2013 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2013，32，10： | 23 |
| 14 | An assessment of global ocean wave energy resources over the last 45 a显示文摘Against the background of the current world facing an energy crisis,and human beings puzzled by the problems of environment and resources,developing clean energy sources becomes the inevitable choice to deal with a climate change and an energy shortage.A global ocean wave energy resource was reanalyzed by using ERA-40 wave reanalysis data 1957–2002 from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF).An effective significant wave height is defined in the development of wave energy resources(short as effective SWH),and the total potential of wave energy is exploratively calculated.Synthetically considering a wave energy density,a wave energy level probability,the frequency of the effective SWH,the stability and long-term trend of wave energy density,a swell index and a wave energy storage,global ocean wave energy resources were reanalyzed and regionalized,providing reference to the development of wave energy resources such as wave power plant location,seawater desalination,heating,pumping. | ZHENG Chongwei SHAO Longtan SHI Wenli SU Qin LIN Gang LI Xunqiang CHEN Xiaobin | 2014 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2014，33，1： | 22 |
| 15 | An upper ocean response to Typhoon Bolaven analyzed with Argo profiling floats显示文摘In situ observations from Argo profiling floats combined with satellite retrieved SST and rain rate are used to investigate an upper ocean response to Typhoon Bolaven from 20 through 29 August 2012. After the passage of Typhoon Bolaven, the deepening of mixed layer depth(MLD), and the cooling of mixed layer temperature(MLT) were observed. The changes in mixed layer salinity(MLS) showed an equivalent number of increasing and decreasing because the typhoon-induced salinity changes in the mixed layer were influenced by precipitation, evaporation, turbulent mixing and upwelling of thermocline water. The deepening of the MLD and the cooling of the MLT indicated a significant rightward bias, whereas the MLS was freshened to the left side of the typhoon track and increased on the other side. Intensive temperature and salinity profiles observed by Iridium floats make it possible to view response processes in the upper ocean after the passage of a typhoon. The cooling in the near-surface and the warming in the subsurface were observed by two Iridium floats located to the left side of the cyclonic track during the development stage of the storm, beyond the radius of maximum winds relative to the typhoon center. Water salinity increases at the base of the mixed layer and the top of the thermocline were the most obvious change observed by those two floats. On the right side of the track and near the typhoon center when the typhoon was intensified, the significant cooling from sea surface to a depth of 200×104 Pa, with the exception of the water at the top of the thermocline, was observed by the other Iridium float. Owing to the enhanced upwelling near the typhoon center, the water salinity in the near-surface increased noticeably. The heat pumping from the mixed layer into the thermocline induced by downwelling and the upwelling induced by the positive wind stress curl are the main causes for the different temperature and salinity variations on the different sides of the track. It seems that more time is required for the anomalies in the subsurface to be restored to pretyphoon conditions than for the anomalies in the mixed layer. | LIU Zenghong XU Jianping SUN Chaohui WU Xiaofen | 2014 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2014，33，11： | 23 |
| 16 | Analyses on the tectonic thermal evolution and influence factors in the deep-water Qiongdongnan Basin显示文摘To reveal the tectonic thermal evolution and influence factors on the present heat flow distribution, based on 154 heat flow data, the present heat flow distribution features of the main tectonic units are first analyzed in detail, then the tectonic thermal evolution histories of 20 profiles are reestablished crossing the main deep-water sags with a structural, thermal and sedimentary coupled numerical model. On the basis of the present geothermal features, the Qiongdongnan Basin could be divided into three regions: the northern shelf and upper slope region with a heat flow of 50–70 m W/m2, most of the central depression zone of 70–85 m W/m2, and a NE trending high heat flow zone of 85–105 m W/m2 lying in the eastern basin. Numerical modeling shows that during the syn-rift phase, the heat flow increases generally with time, and is higher in basement high area than in its adjacent sags. At the end of the syn-rift phase, the heat flow in the deepwater sags was in a range of 60–85 m W/m2, while in the basement high area, it was in a range of 75–100 m W/m2. During the post-rift phase, the heat flow decreased gradually, and tended to be more uniform in the basement highs and sags. However, an extensive magmatism, which equivalently happened at around 5 Ma, has greatly increased the heat flow values, and the relict heat still contributes about 10–25 m W/m2 to the present surface heat flow in the central depression zone and the southern uplift zone. Further analyses suggested that the present high heat flow in the deep-water Qiongdongnan Basin is a combined result of the thermal anomaly in the upper mantle, highly thinning of the lithosphere, and the recent extensive magmatism. Other secondary factors might have affected the heat flow distribution features in some local regions. These factors include basement and seafloor topography, sediment heat generation, thermal blanketing, local magmatic injecting and hydrothermal activities related to faulting and overpressure. | WANG Zhenfeng SHI Xiaobin YANG Jun HUANG Baojia SUN Zhen WANG Yahui JIANG Haiyan YU Chuanhai YANG Xiaoqiu | 2014 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2014，33，12： | 22 |
| 17 | Impacts of changing scale on Getis-Ord Gi* hotspots of CPUE:a case study of the neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii)in the northwest Pacific Ocean显示文摘We examined the scale impacts on spatial hot and cold spots of CPUE for Ommastrephes bartramii in the northwest Pacific Ocean. The original fishery data were tessellated to 18 spatial scales from 5′×5′ to 90′×90′ with a scale interval of 5′ to identify the local clusters. The changes in location, boundaries, and statistics regarding the Getis-Ord Gi* hot and cold spots in response to the spatial scales were analyzed in detail. Several statistics including Min, mean, Max, SD, CV, skewness, kurtosis, first quartile(Q1), median, third quartile(Q3), area and centroid were calculated for spatial hot and cold spots. Scaling impacts were examined for the selected statistics using linear, logarithmic, exponential, power law and polynomial functions. Clear scaling relations were identified for Max, SD and kurtosis for both hot and cold spots. For the remaining statistics, either a difference of scale impacts was found between the two clusters, or no clear scaling relation was identified. Spatial scales coarser than 30′ are not recommended to identify the local spatial patterns of fisheries because the boundary and locations of hot and cold spots at a coarser scale are significantly different from those at the original scale. | FENG Yongjiu CHEN Xinjun GAO Feng LIU Yang | 2018 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2018，37，5： | 23 |
| 18 | Optimization of stratification scheme for a fishery-independent survey with multiple objectives显示文摘Fishery-independent surveys are often used for collecting high quality biological and ecological data to support fisheries management. A careful optimization of fishery-independent survey design is necessary to improve the precision of survey estimates with cost-effective sampling efforts. We developed a simulation approach to evaluate and optimize the stratification scheme for a fishery-independent survey with multiple goals including estimation of abundance indices of individual species and species diversity indices. We compared the performances of the sampling designs with different stratification schemes for different goals over different months. Gains in precision of survey estimates from the stratification schemes were acquired compared to simple random sampling design for most indices. The stratification scheme with five strata performed the best. This study showed that the loss of precision of survey estimates due to the reduction of sampling efforts could be compensated by improved stratification schemes, which would reduce the cost and negative impacts of survey trawling on those species with low abundance in the fishery-independent survey. This study also suggests that optimization of a survey design differed with different survey objectives. A post-survey analysis can improve the stratification scheme of fishery-independent survey designs. | XU Binduo REN Yiping CHEN Yong XUE Ying ZHANG Chongliang WAN Rong | 2015 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2015，34，12： | 21 |
| 19 | Observation of ocean current response to 1998 Hurricane Georges in the Gulf of Mexico显示文摘The ocean current response to a hurricane on the shelf-break is examined. The study area is the DeSoto Canyon in the northeast Gulf of Mexico, and the event is the passage of 1998 Hurricane Georges with a maximum wind speed of 49 m/s. The data sets used for analy- sis consist of the mooring data taken by the Field Program of the DeSoto Canyon Eddy Intrusion Study, and simultaneous winds ob- served by NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Moored Buoy 42040. Time-depth ocean current energy density images derived from the observed data show that the ocean currents respond almost immediately to the hurricane with important differ- ences on and off the shelf. On the shelf, in the shallow water of 100 m, the disturbance penetrates rapidly downward to the bottom and forms two energy peaks, the major peak is located in the mixed layer and the secondary one in the lower layer. The response dissipates quickly after external forcing disappears. Off the shelf, in the deep water, the major disturbance energy seems to be trapped in the mixed layer with a trailing oscillation; although the disturbance signals may still be observed at the depths of 500 and 1 290 m. Verti- cal dispersion analysis reveals that the near-initial wave packet generated off the shelf consists of two modes. One is a barotropic wave mode characterized by a fast decay rate of velocity amplitude of 0.020 s-1, and the other is baroclinic wave mode characterized by a slow decay rate of 0.006 9 s-1. The band-pass-filtering and empirical function techniques are employed to the frequency analysis. The results indicate that all frequencies shift above the local inertial frequency. On the shelf, the average frequency is 1.04f in the mixed layer, close to the diagnosed frequency of the first baroclinic mode, and the average frequency increases to 1.07f in the thermocline. Off the shelf, all frequencies are a little smaller than the diagnosed frequency of the first mode. The average frequency decreases from 1.035f in the mixed layer to 1.02f in the thermocline, implying a trend for the shift in frequency of the oscillations towards f with the depth. | ZHENG Quanan LAI Ronald J HUANG Nortlen E PAN Jiayi LIU W Timothy | 2006 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2006，25，1： | 20 |
| 20 | Molecular cloning,characterization and expression analysis of Sox9a and Foxl2 genes in half-smooth tongue sole(Cynoglossussemilaevis)显示文摘Two transcription factors,Sox9a and Foxl2 were cloned from half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis).Sox9a is a new duplication of C.semilaevis Sox9 gene.The complete cDNA of Sox9a gene was 1 842 bp long coding for 487 amino acids and Foxl2 gene was 1 817 bp coding for 308 amino acids.Sox9a was expressed higher in male brain,pituitary and gonad and Foxl2 were higher in female brain,pituitary and gonad.The expression of Sox9a gene in gonads of neo-males was higher than that of normal females.Sox9a and Foxl2 were expressed higher in gastrula stage than in other stages.In the period of sex differentiation,the expression of Sox9a was first going up and then going down and Foxl2 was higher expressed at 37 dph.The highest expressions of Sox9a and Foxl2 genes occurred in nine-month and 12-month old gonad tissues,respectively.Sox9a gene was considered to have inevitable links with sex reversal,sex differentiation and cell differentiation of embryos and formation of spermatogenic cells.Foxl2 was considered to play a role in sex differentiation,cell differentiation of embryos but not to be necessary for sex determination and sex reversal. | DONG Xiaoli CHEN Songlin JI Xiangshan SHAO Changwei | 2011 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2011，30，1： | 20 |
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