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| 1 | Avalanche activity and characteristics of its triggering factors in the western Tianshan Mountains,China显示文摘Snow avalanche is a serious threat to the safety of roads in alpine mountains. In the western Tianshan Mountains, large scale avalanches occur every year and affect road safety. There is an urgent need to identify the characteristics of triggering factors for avalanche activity in this region to improve road safety and the management of natural hazards. Based on the observation of avalanche activity along the national road G218 in the western Tianshan Mountains, avalanche event data in combination with meteorological, snowpack and earthquake data were collected and analyzed. The snow climate of the mountain range was examined using a recently developed snow climate classification scheme, and triggering conditions of snow avalanche in different snow climate regions were compared. The results show that snowfall is the most common triggering factor for a natural avalanche and there is high probability of avalanche release with snowfall exceeding 20.4 mm during a snowfall period. Consecutive rise in temperature within three days and daily mean temperature reaching 0.5°C in the following day imply a high probability of temperaturerise-triggered avalanche release. Earthquakes have a significant impact on the formation of large size avalanches in the area. For the period 2011-2017, five cases were identified as a consequence of earthquake with magnitudes of 3.3≤M_L≤5.1 and source-to-site distances of 19~139 km. The Tianshan Mountains are characterized by a continental snow climate with lower snow density, lower snow shear strength and high proportion depth hoar, which explains that both the snowfall and temperature for triggering avalanche release in the continental snow climate of the Tianshan Mountains are lower than that in maritime snow climate and transitional snow climate regions. The findings help forecast avalanche release for mitigating avalanche disaster and assessing the risk of avalanche disaster. | HAO Jian-sheng HUANG Fa-rong LIU Yang Amobichukwu Chukwudi AMANAMBU LI Lan-hai | 2018 | Journal of Mountain Science2018，15，7： | 11 |
| 2 | Modeling and optimization of Terminalia catappa L.kernel oil extraction using response surface methodology and artificial neural network显示文摘In this study,response surface methodology(RSM)and artificial neural network(ANN)were used to optimize Terminalia catappa L.kernel oil(TCKO)yield.Solvent extraction method was used for the oil extraction,with n-hexane as the extracting solvent.The highest oil yield was obtained at 55℃,150 min,and 0.5 mm.The physicochemical properties of the TCKO were determined using standard methods.Gas chromatographic(GC)analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)were respectively,used to determine the fatty acid composition and prevalent functional groups in TCKO.At optimum conditions of temperature,particle size and extraction time,the RSM predicted oil yield was 62.92%,which was validated as 60.34%,whereas ANN predicted yield was 60.39%,which was validated as 60.40%.The results of the physicochemical characterization of TCKO showed that the dielectric strength(DS),viscosity,flash and pour points values were 30.61 KV,20.29 mm^2 s^−1,260°C,and 3℃,respectively.Physicochemical characterization and FTIR results of TCKOindicated its potential industrial application,especially as transformer fluid.Fatty acids compositions result indicated that the oil was highly unsaturated;while XRD results of Terminalia catappa L.kernel(TCK)samples obtained,both before and after extraction,showed difference in their peaks and corresponding intensities,due to the damage effect of solvent.Finally,the obtained optimization results indicated that ANN was a better and more effective tool than RSM,due to its higher R^2 and lower RMS values. | Chinedu Matthew Agu Matthew Chukwudi Menkiti Ekwe Bassey Ekwe Albert Chibuzor Agulanna | 2020 | Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture2020，，1： | 3 |
| 3 | Exploring the moderating role of financial development in environmental Kuznets curve for South Africa:fresh evidence from the novel dynamic ARDL simulations approach显示文摘The extant literature has produced mixed evidence on the relationship between finan-cial development and ecological sustainability.This work addresses this conundrum by investigating financial development’s direct and indirect consequences on ecologi-cal quality utilizing the environmental Kuznets curve(EKC)methodological approach.Our empirical analysis is based on the novel dynamic autoregressive distributed lag simulations approach for South Africa between 1960 and 2020.The results,which used five distinct financial development measures,demonstrate that financial develop-ment boosts ecological integrity and environmental sustainability over the long and short terms.In the instance of South Africa,we additionally confirm the validity of the EKC theory.More importantly,the outcomes of the indirect channels demonstrate that financial development increases energy usage’s role in causing pollution while attenuating the detrimental impacts of economic growth,trade openness,and foreign direct investment on ecological quality.Moreover,the presence of an inadequate financial system is a requirement for the basis of the pollution haven hypothesis(PHH),which we examine using trade openness and foreign direct investment variables.PHH for both of these variables disappears when financial development crosses specified thresholds.Finally,industrial value addition destroys ecological quality while tech-nological innovation enhances it.This research provides some crucial policy recom-mendations and fresh perspectives for South Africa as it develops national initiatives to support ecological sustainability and reach its net zero emissions goal. | Maxwell Chukwudi Udeagha Marthinus Christoffel Breitenbach | 2023 | Financial Innovation2023，9，1： | 2 |
| 4 | Relationship between index of complexity, outcome and need, dental aes- thetic index, peer assessment rating index, and American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system显示文摘 | Chukwudi Ochi Onyeasoa Ellen A Begoleb | 2007 | Am JOrthod Dentofacial Orthop2007，131，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Asymptomatic malaria parasitemia does not induce additional oxidative stress in pregnant women of South East Nigeria显示文摘Objective:To determine the relationship between asymptomatic malaria parasitemia and some oxidative stress parameters in pregnant Nigerian women.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study involving 130 normal pregnant women at various trimesters,who were attending antenatal clinic at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital(UNTH) and Kenechukwu Specialist Hospital in Enugu.A comparable group(control),made of 30 non pregnant women was also recruited.After a 24 hour dietary recall,serum levels of vitamin A,C and malondialdehyde(MDA) were determined by colorimetric method,while vitamin E was determined by absorptiometric method.Results:There were no statistically significant differences in age,parity,estimated calorie,vitamins A,C and E intake between the pregnant and non pregnant groups(P>0.05).The serum level of the vitamins(umol/L) and MDA(umol/L) in control,1st,2nd and 3rd trimesters respectively were:(l)Vitamin A:1.6±0.36 vs 0.6±0.26 vs 0.62±0.33 vs 0.46±0.21(P<0.0001);(2) Vitamin C:75.65±14.15 vs 62.97±24.4 vs 37.85±15.19 vs 28.94±8.52(P<0.0001);(3) Vitamin E:3.01±1.32 vs 3.45±2.01 vs 9.36±2.75 vs 9.82±2.97(P<0.0001);(4) MDA:1.42±0.02 vs 1.61±0.02 vs 1.79±0.02 vs 2.03±0.05(P<0.0001).However,there were no significant changes in the serum level of the vitamins and MDA between the positive and the negative parasitemia subjects(P>0.05). Conclusions:Asymptomatic malaria parasitemia does not induce additional oxidative stress on pregnant women in Nigeria.The enormity of acute and complicated attack should be further investigated. | Uchenna Ifeanyi Nwagha Tochukwu Christopher Okeke Theresa Ukamaka Nwagha Fidelis Ebele Ejezie Sylvester Ogbonna Ogbodo Cyril Chukwudi Dim Bond Ugochukwu Anyaehie | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2011，4，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Anxiety and perception among nurses toward the outbreak of COVID‑19 in University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Akwa Ibom State显示文摘Purpose:This study sought to examine the anxiety and perception of nurses toward the outbreak of COVID‑19 in University of Uyo Teaching Hospital(UUTH).Two research questions one hypothesis were used.What is the level of anxiety among nurses toward the outbreak of COVID‑19?What is the perception of nurses toward the outbreak of COVID‑19?The hypothesis states that there is no significant relationship between anxiety and perception of nurses toward the outbreak of COVID‑19.Literature was reviewed based on the research variables.Methods:The research instrument used in collecting the data for the analysis was a questionnaire administered to 100 nurses in UUTH,Uyo.Their responses were analyzed using frequencies,percentages,and Chi‑square analysis,and the following results were obtained.Results:The results indicated that 36(36%)of the respondents strongly agreed that most nurses perceive that poor provision of equipment’s in the hospital result into the transmission of COVID‑19 to another person,35(35%)agreed,20(20%)of the respondents strongly agreed,whereas 9(9%)of the respondents disagreed.Majority of the respondents 56(56%)strongly agreed that nurses sometimes perceive that patients sometimes harbor COVID‑19 without showing the symptoms.Conclusion:The above data,therefore,showed that nurses in UUTH,Uyo,had moderate perception toward COVID‑19. | Emilia James OYIRA Easter Chukwudi OSUCHUKWU Margaret Mombel OPIAH Ndukaku Nwakwe CHINAZAEKPERE Teresa Achi OSAJI Augusta Nkechi EMEH Chinedu Godwin AWO | 2020 | Journal of Integrative Nursing2020，2，4： | 1 |
| 7 | A cephalometric investigation of horizontal lip position in adult Nigerians显示文摘 | Ikenna Isiekwe G Olatokunbo DaCosta O Chukwudi Isiekwe M | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 8 | A cephalometrie investigation of horizontal lip position in adult Nigeri- ans显示文摘 | Ikenna Isiekwe G Olatokunbo DaCosta O Chukwudi lsiekwe M | 2012 | J Orthod2012，39，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Revisiting the nexus between fiscal decentralization and CO_(2)emissions in South Africa:fresh policy insights显示文摘The argument over fiscal decentralization and carbon dioxide emission(CO_(2))reduction has received much attention.However,evidence to back this claim is limited.Economic theory predicts that fiscal decentralization affects environmental quality,but the specifics of this relationship are still up for debate.Some scholars noted that fiscal decentralization might lead to a race to the top,whereas others contended that it would result in a race to the bottom.In light of the current debates in environmental and development economics,this study aims to provide insight into how this relationship may function in South Africa from 1960 to 2020.In contrast to the existing research,the present study uses a novel dynamic autoregressive distributed lag simulation approach to assess the positive and negative changes in fiscal decentralization,scale effect,technique effect,technological innovation,foreign direct investment,energy consumption,industrial growth,and trade openness on CO_(2)emissions.The following are the main findings:(i)Fiscal decentralization had a CO_(2)emission reduction impact in the short and long run,highlighting the presence of the race to the top approach.(ii)Economic growth(as represented by the scale effect)eroded ecological integrity.However,its square(as expressed by technique effect)aided in strengthening ecological protection,validating the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis.(iii)CO_(2)emissions were driven by energy utilization,trade openness,industrial value-added,and foreign direct investment,whereas technological innovation boosted ecological integrity.Findings suggest that further fiscal decentralization should be undertaken through further devolution of power to local entities,particularly regarding environmental policy issues,to maintain South Africa’s ecological sustainability.South Africa should also establish policies to improve environmental sustainability by strengthening a lower layer of government and clarifying responsibilities at the national and local levels to fulfill the energy-saving functions of fiscal expenditures. | Maxwell Chukwudi Udeagha Marthinus Christoffel Breitenbach | 2023 | Financial Innovation2023，9，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Heterosis and combining ability in cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)显示文摘The objective of this work was to evaluate four parental lines of cucumber which included:‘Zeina’(Zna),‘Beit Alpha’(BA),‘Straight 8’(Strght 8)and‘Calypso’(Capso)and six F1s generated by diallel cross,using randomized complete block design with three replications to study heterosis and combining ability for yield and yield component traits.Estimated heterosis showed that cross‘ZnaCapso’had the highest Better Parent(BP)heterosis in total fruit yield/ha while‘BACapso’had the highest Mid Parent(MP)heterosis in the same trait.Significant general(GCA)and specific(SCA)combining ability variances were obtained in all the traits implying that both the additive and non-additive gene effects operated in the genetic expression of the traits.Relative magnitude of GCA and SCA variances indicated preponderance of additive gene action for all the traits.‘Beit Alpha’and‘Straight 8’are best general combiners while‘BACapso’and‘CapsoStrght 8’were the best specific combiners for total fruit yield. | Chikezie Onuora Ene Peter Ejimofor Ogbonna Christian Ugwu Agbo Uchechukwu Paschal Chukwudi | 2019 | Information Processing in Agriculture2019，6，1： | 0 |
| 11 | PhaseFIT:live-organoid phase-fluorescent image transformation via generative AI显示文摘Organoid models have provided a powerful platform for mechanistic investigations into fundamental biological processes involved in the development and function of organs.Despite the potential for image-based phenotypic quantification of organoids,their complex 3D structure,and the time-consuming and labor-intensive nature of immunofluorescent staining present significant challenges.In this work,we developed a virtual painting system,PhaseFIT(phase-fluorescent image transformation)utilizing customized and morphologically rich 2.5D intestinal organoids,which generate virtual fluorescent images for phenotypic quantification via accessible and low-cost organoid phase images.This system is driven by a novel segmentation-informed deep generative model that specializes in segmenting overlap and proximity between objects.The model enables an annotation-free digital transformation from phase-contrast to multi-channel fluorescent images.The virtual painting results of nuclei,secretory cell markers,and stem cells demonstrate that PhaseFIT outperforms the existing deep learning-based stain transformation models by generating fine-grained visual content.We further validated the efficiency and accuracy of PhaseFIT to quantify the impacts of three compounds on crypt formation,cell population,and cell stemness.PhaseFIT is the first deep learning-enabled virtual painting system focused on live organoids,enabling large-scale,informative,and efficient organoid phenotypic quantification.PhaseFIT would enable the use of organoids in high-throughput drug screening applications. | Junhan Zhao Xiyue Wang Junyou Zhu Chijioke Chukwudi Andrew Finebaum Jun Zhang Sen Yang Shijie He Nima Saeidi | 2023 | Light(Science & Applications)2023，12，12： | 0 |
| 12 | 3D modeling of abnormal pore pressure in shallow offshore Niger delta: An application of seismic inversion显示文摘Pore pressure is the pressure associated with fluids in the pore spaces of sedimentary rocks. Thispressure varies from hydrostatic to severe overpressure. It is classified as abnormal pressure when itdeviates from hydrostatic pressure. Incorrect prediction or the absence of pore pressure evaluation canlead to severe damage of the drilling platform, loss of personnel, waste of resources and environmentalpollution. This study was carried out in an offshore field in Niger Delta with an objective of predicting theabnormal pressure regime from the seismic volume using seismic inversion technique. First, weemployed the Eaton’s and Bower’s model of predicting pore pressure from Well log. The predicted porepressure from the well was used to calibrate the P-impedance that was used in the inversion process. Apressure-based model for the seismic inversion process was developed. This was constrained by therelationship between the P-impedance and pore pressure in the study area. The predicted pore pressurefrom the Well logs aligned with the measured pore pressure in the formation. At about 3600 m to end ofthe Well, depicts a pressure regime that is a deviation from the hydrostatic pressure trend. The abnormalpressure regime is marked by the region where a change is observed in the normal compaction trendline. The cross plot of acoustic impedance against pore pressure reveals a linear relationship;with adirect relationship indicating a normal pressure interval and the indirect relationship at the abnormalpressure regime. The inverted 3D pressure result from the seismic volume validates the normalcompaction trend line and also the pressure values estimated from the Well logs. The abnormal pressureregime in the study area is predicted to be found towards the end of Agbada Formation and through theAkata Formation due to the un-compacted shales. | Chukwuemeka Patrick Abbey Osita Chukwudi Meludu | 2021 | Petroleum Research2021，6，2： | 0 |
| 13 | Detection of microbial antigenic components of circulating immune complexes in HIV patients:Involvement in CD4^+ T lymphocyte count depletion显示文摘Objective:To investigate the prevalence of microbial antigenic components of circulating immune complexes amongst grades of CD4 T lymphocyte counts in HIV sero positive and seronegative participants.Methods:Polyethelene glycol(PEG-600) and buffering methods of precipitation and dissociation of immune complexes was used to generate immune solution from sera of 100 HIV sero-positive and 100 HIV sero-negative participants.These were categorized into 3 grades based on CD4 count:> 500 cell/mm,200-499 cell/mm3 and <200 cell/mm3.The immune solutions were assayed using membrane based immunoassay and antibody titration, along side its unprocessed serum for detection of various microbial antigens and or antibodies. CD4 T cell counts were estimated using Patec Cyflow SL-3 Germany.Results:Antigenic component of immune complexes of various infectious agents was detected in 99 and 70 HIV seropositive and HIV sero-negative participants,respectively.In group A,there were 10 HIV positive participants,including 4(40.0%) had circulating immune complexes(CICs) due to Salmonella species only:1(10.0%) due to Salmonella-Plasmodium falciparum(P.falciparum),SalmonellaP. falciparum-HCV and P.falciparum antigens,respectively.In group B,45(45.4%) HIV seropositive participants with CICs had CD4 T lymphocyte count between 200-499 cells/mm^3.Out of these,20(44.4%) had CICs due to Salmonella species only:9(20%) due to Salmonella-P. falciparum.In group C,there were 44(44.4%) HIV sero-positive participants,including 3(6.8%) due to Salmonella species only:24(54.4%) due to Salmonella-P.falciparum:2(4.5%) due to P. falciparum only.Conclusions:In HIV sero-positive participants,presence of heterogeneity of Salmonella species-P.falciparum antigens was highly incriminated in CD4 count depletion but not homogeneity of malaria parasites antigens.Malaria parasites antigens only were incriminated in CD4^+ count depletion amongst HIV sero-negative participants.Before taking any decision on the management of HIV-1-positive individuals,their malaria and Salmonella paratyphi status should be assessed,but not malaria status alone. | Ezeani Michael Chukwudi Onyenekwe CC Wachukwu CK Anyiam DCD Meludu SC Ukibe RN Ifeanyichukwu M Onochie A Anahalu I Okafor UU | 2010 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2010，3，10： | 0 |
| 14 | The forehead flap:a valuable option in resource depleted environment显示文摘Aim:Reconstruction of orofacial soft tissue defect is often challenging and this is more difficult in resource challenged environment.This retrospective study highlights our experience with the use of forehead flap to overcome some of the challenges of orofacial reconstruction in a resource depleted environment.Methods:A 23-year retrospective analysis of all patients who had orofacial defect reconstruction using forehead flap in our department was undertaken.Information was sourced from patient’s case notes and operating theatre records.Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS)version 16(SPSS Inc.,Chicago,IL,USA)and Microsoft Excel 2007(Microsoft,Redmond,WA,USA).Results:A total of 43 patients were managed within the period reviewed and consisted of 31(72.1%)males and 12(27.9%)females.Trauma 24(55.8%)accounted for most defect and the lip was the commonest site of defect.Complete forehead flap was used in 31(72.1%)of cases and when timing of defect repair is considered,delayed reconstruction was the preferred method.Postoperative complications was observed in 8(18.6%)patients and consisted of failed flap in 2(25.0%)patients,tumor recurrence in reconstructed site in 2(25.0%)patients and tumor occurrence in forehead flap donor site in 1(12.5%)patient.Conclusion:The forehead flap remains a reliable option in orofacial soft tissue defect reconstruction.It is easy to raise and can provide coverage for wide defects as far as the paramandibular and submandibular regions.Moreover,it does not require patient repositioning. | Rowland Agbara Benjamin Fomete Athanasius Chukwudi Obiadazie Kelvin Uchenna Omeje Olushola Ibiyinka Amole | 2016 | Plastic and Aesthetic Research2016，3，1： | 0 |
| 15 | Validation of short version of evidence-based practice instruments among nurses in clinical practice:Evidence-based practice beliefs,implementation,and organizational culture显示文摘Objective:The objective of the study is to validate the short version of evidence-based practice(EBP)instruments among nurses in clinical practice.Methods:An institutional-based cross-sectional research design was used and a stratified sampling technique to select 285 nurse clinicians.The study utilized a structured questionnaire comprising of demographic data from the participants and three validated scales:the shortened versions of the EBP Beliefs Scale,the EBP Implementation Scale,and the Organizational Culture and Readiness for System-Wide Integration of Evidence-Based Practice(OCRSIEP)survey.With the use of descriptive statistics,the data were analyzed and presented in frequencies and percentages,while inter-item correlation coefficient(ICC)and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy were used to confirm the validity of using factor analysis.Results:Findings revealed the mean scores of the EBP Beliefs Scale ranged from 1.50 to 1.61,EBP Implementation Scale ranged from 1.84 to 1.94,and the OCRSIEP Scale ranged from 1.93 to 2.19.All the three shortened scales accordingly had good internal reliability,29.30±9.93 out of 80 for the EBP Beliefs Scale,19.56±7.37 out of 72 for the EBP Implementation Scale,and 66.32±20.35 out of 125 for the OCRSIEP Scale.Conclusion:This study has generated a valid Short Version of EBP reliable instrument that is psychometrically robust that can be used by nurses and clinicians to evaluate EBP in clinical settings since the results presented as a whole confirmed the high reliability and factorial validity. | Easter Chukwudi OSUCHUKWU Chinwe Florence EZERUIGBO | 2023 | Journal of Integrative Nursing2023，5，3： | 0 |
| 16 | Assessment of d ifferent f ormalin c oncentrations on the h istochemical s taining of l iver,k idneys and l ungs of Wistar r ats显示文摘Background:Formaldehyde is a chemical substance used to preserve the biochemical and physiological components of a tissue by preventing autolysis and putrefaction,leaving the tissue in a life-like manner.Objective:This study aims to assess the effect of formalin concentrations on the histochemical staining in liver,kidneys and lungs of Wistar rats.Methods:A total of ten(10)Wistar rats were purchased and allowed to acclimatize for a period of 2 weeks in plastic cages with iron netting at the Animal House facility,Babcock University.The animals were placed on standard rat feeds and water ad-libitum.The rats were randomly sacrificed by cervical dislocation,following mild anaesthesia using chloroform inhalation.For histological examination,the liver,lungs,and kidneys of Wistar rats were removed and preserved in neutral buffered formalin at 2%,4%,6%,8%,and 10%concentrations.Sections were stained in Haematoxylin and Eosin(Vector Laboratories,Inc.Newark,US).The quality of the nuclei,cytoplasm and cell membrane were graded on a scale of 1(poor)to 5(excellent).Results:Six percent(6%)formalin was observed to produce excellent results in liver tissues with a total grade of sixteen(16).10%formalin produced excellent results in lung tissues with a total grade or nineteen(19).Interestingly,2%,6%and 10%formalin concentrations produced excellently results in kidney tissues with the highest total grade fourteen(14).Conclusion:This study concludes that 6%formalin produced better section and staining qualities more than the commonly used 10%formalin according to the observations from the stained sections.This implies that the concentration of formalin affects the histochemical staining in liver,kidneys and lungs of Wistar rats. | Gideon Taiwo Oluwaloye Ochuko Fortunate Jenakevwe Kenneth Chukwudi Onyegbula Julius Kayode Bankole Seyi Samson Enitan | 2023 | Toxicology Advances2023，5，3： | 0 |
| 17 | Correlation and path coefficient analyses of yield and yield components of eggplant (Solanum melongena) in a coarse-textured Ultisol显示文摘Assessment of variability and understanding of traits relationship in eggplant species are vital pre-requisite for formulating an effective breeding programme.We studied 23 genotypes of eggplants in a coarse-textured Ultisol using a randomized complete block design experiment with three replications.Data were collected on number of branches,number of leaves,number of nodes and internodes,stem diameter,plant height,floral and yield traits.Results revealed significant(p=0.05)variation in the flowering and fruiting pattern of the genotypes.‘Yalo x K3BC2P10 gave the highest individual fruit weight of 80.8 g.Individual fruit weight contributed the highest direct positive effect on the fruit yield.It acted majorly through plant height,number of branches,number of leaves and number of days to first fruit set as revealed in the path coefficient result.Individual fruit weight,number of fruits per plant,plant height,number of days to 50%flowering,number of branches,numbers of days to first flowering and 50%fruit set had positive direct effect on yield.These traits should be considered in developing high yielding eggplant breeding programme. | Vincent NOnyia Uchechukwu Paschal Chukwudi Augustus Chika Ezea Agatha I.Atugwu Chikezie O.Ene | 2020 | Information Processing in Agriculture2020，7，1： | 0 |
| 18 | Assessment of burden and coping strategies among caregivers of cancer patients in sub-Saharan Africa显示文摘BACKGROUND Cancer is a devastating and debilitating chronic disease that affects both patients and family members.Available evidence has confirmed that the care of chronically ill relatives by family members can be very challenging.This is because caregiving of cancer patients often presents a high level of burden on the caregivers.Consequently,this leads to a necessity to adopt coping mechanisms to cushion the effect of the burden experienced during caregiving.AIM To determine the burden experienced and coping strategies among caregivers of advanced cancer patients attending University of Calabar Teaching Hospital(UCTH),Cross River State,Nigeria.METHODS The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional study design and the study population included informal family caregivers providing services to histologically diagnosed advanced cancer patients receiving treatment at the UCTH at the time of this survey.A researcher-developed structured questionnaire,a 22-item standardized validated Zarit Burden Interview(ZBI)and a modified 17-item Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced(COPE)Inventory were used to collect data from 250 eligible informal caregivers who were selected with regard to caregiver’s characteristics,caregivers’level of burden and caregiver’s coping strategies,respectively.Data gathered from the respondents were collated,coded and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS version 24.0)software and Predictive Analytical Software(PAS version 19.0).Chi-square was used to test for association between categorical variables at the 0.05 level of significance.The results are presented in tables and charts.RESULTS The respondents consisted of more females 132(62.86%)than males 78(37.14%).The majority of respondents(46.2%)were aged between 31-50 years with a mean age of 35.9±18.1 years.The assessment of burden level revealed that 97 caregivers(46.19%)experienced severe burden,37(17.62%)experienced trivial or no burden,while 76(36.2%)perceived moderate burden.The coping strategies used by caregivers to ease the level of burden experienced during caregiving included;acceptance,reprioritization,appreciation,family,positive self-view and empathy.Also,it was documented that there was a strong association between caregivers’level of burden and coping strategies(P=0.030).Findings also showed that age(P=0.000),sex(P=0.000),educational status(P=0.000),functional ability(P=0.000),duration of care(P=0.000),desire to continue caregiving(P=0.000)and type of cancer(P=0.000)were statistically significantly associated with caregivers’coping strategies.CONCLUSION There is great recognition of the role of informal caregivers in improving the health of their relatives and family members who are chronically ill.It was recommended that support groups in collaboration with health care providers should organize a symposium for informal caregivers on the intricacies of caregiving in chronically ill patients.This would create a platform for experience sharing,information dissemination and health care professional-caregiver interaction to enhance positive caregiving outcomes. | Paulina Ackley Akpan-Idiok Ijeoma Onyekachi Ehiemere Ekaete Francis Asuquo Joy Awu Ukeunim Chabo Easter Chukwudi Osuchukwu | 2020 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2020，11，12： | 0 |
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