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| 1 | Chronic hepatitis C virus infection:Prevalence of extrahepatic manifestations and association with cryoglobulinemia in Bulgarian patients显示文摘AIM: To assess the prevalence of extrahepatic manifestations in Bulgarian patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and identify the clinical and biological manifestations associated with cryoglobulinemia. METHODS: The medical records of 136 chronically infected HCV patients were reviewed to assess the prevalence of extrahepatic manifestations. Association between cryoglobulin-positivity and other manifestations were identified using χ2 and Fisher’s exact test. Risk factors for the presence of extrahepatic manifestations were assessed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Seventy six percent (104/136) of the patients had at least one extrahepatic manifestation. Clinical manifestations included fatigue (59.6%), kidney impairment (25.0%), type 2 diabetes (22.8%), paresthesia (19.9%), arthralgia (18.4%), palpable purpura (17.6%), lymphadenopathy (16.2%), pulmonary fi brosis (15.4%), thyroid dysfunction (14.7%), Raynaud’s phenomenon (11.8%), B-cell lymphoma (8.8%), sicca syndrome (6.6%), and lichen planus (5.9%). The biological manifestations included cryoglobulinproduction (37.5%), thrombocytopenia (31.6%), and autoantibodies: anti-nuclear (18.4%), anti-smooth muscle (16.9%), anti-neutrophil cytoplasm (13.2%) and anti-cardiolipin (8.8%). All extrahepatic manifestations showed an association with cryoglobulin-positivity, with the exception of thyroid dysfunction, sicca syndrome, and lichen planus. Risks factors for the presence of extrahepatic manifestations (univariate analysis) were: age ≥ 60 years, female gender, virus transmission by blood transfusions, longstanding infection (≥ 20 years), and extensive liver fi brosis. The most signifi cant risks factors (multivariate analysis) were longstanding infection and extensive liver fi brosis. CONCLUSION: We observed a high prevalence of extrahepatic manifestations in patients with chronic HCV infection. Most of these manifestations were associated with impaired lymphoproliferation and cryoglobulin production. Longstanding infection and extensive liver fi brosis were signifi cant risk factors for the presence of extrahepatic manifestations in HCV patients. | Diana V Stefanova-Petrova Anelia H Tzvetanska Elisaveta J Naumova Anastasia P Mihailova Evgenii A Hadjiev Rumiana P Dikova Mircho I Vukov Konstantin G Tchernev | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，48： | 5 |
| 2 | Cross-border acquisition abandonment and completion: the effect of institutional differences and organizational learning in the business service industry1981-2001显示文摘 | DIKOVA D P RAO SAHIB A V WITTELOOSTUIJN | 2009 | Journal of In ternational Business Studies2009，4，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Diagnostic of squash mosaic virus, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus in squash seeds显示文摘 | Dikova B Hristova D | 2002 | Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science2002，8，： | 1 |
| 4 | Synaptic plasticity in rat hippocampus associated with learning显示文摘 | Van Reempts J Dikova M Werbrouck J | 2000 | Behav Brain Res2000，35，12： | 1 |
| 5 | Foreign Direct Investment Mode Choice: Entry and Establishment Modes in Transition Economies 显示文摘 | Dikova D van Witteloostuijn A | 2007 | Journal of International Business Studies2007，38，： | 1 |
| 6 | Is cultural distance a bane or a boon for cross-border acquisition performance?显示文摘 | Desislava Dikova Padma Rao Sahib | 2013 | Journal of World Business2013，，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Cross-border Acquisition Abandonment and Completion:The Effect of InstitutionalDifferences and Organizational Learning in the International Business Service Industry, 1981 -2001 显示文摘 | Dikova D Sahib P R Van Witteloostuijn A | 2010 | Journal of International Busi-ness Studies2010，41，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Detection of Squash mosaic virus,Zucchini yellow mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus in cucurbit seeds显示文摘 | Dikova B Hristova D | 2002 | Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science2002，8，： | 1 |
| 9 | Performance of foreign subsidiaries: Does psychic distance matter?显示文摘 | Desislava Dikova | 2008 | International Business Review2008，，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Acquisitions and real options:The greenfield alternative显示文摘 | Brouther K D and Dikova D | 2010 | Journal of Management Studies2010，47，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Synaptic hippocampus associated with learning 显示文摘 | Van Reempts J plasticity in rat Behav Brain Res Dikova M Werbrouck J | 1992 | 51(2):175-1831992，51，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Cross-bor- der acquisition abandonment and completion:The ef- fect of institutional differences and organizational learning in the international business service industry,1981-2001显示文摘 | Dikova D Sahib P R Van Witteloostuijn A | 2010 | Journal of International Business Stu- dies2010，41，2： | 1 |
| 13 | The effects of vapour incidence on the microstructrure and related properties of condensed GeS2 thin fires 显示文摘 | Starbova K Mankov V Dikova J | 1999 | Vacuum(S0042-207X)1999，53，： | 1 |
| 14 | Entry Mode Choices in Transition Economies: The Moderating Effect of Institutional Distance on Managers' Personal Experiences 显示文摘 | Dikova D | 2012 | Journal of East-West Business2012，18，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Cross- border acquisition abandonment and completion:The effect of institutional differences and organizational learning in the business service industry, 1981-2001 显示文摘 | Dikova D Sahib P R Van Witteloostuijn A | 2010 | Journal of International Business Studies2010，41，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Foreign direct investment mode choice:Entry and establishment modes in transition economies显示文摘 | Dikova D Van Witteloostuijn A | | 0，，06： | 1 |
| 17 | Cross -bor- der acquisition abandonment and completion: The effect of institutional differences and organizational learning in the international business service industry, 1981 -2001 显示文摘 | Dikova D Rao Sahib P Witteloostuijn A | 2010 | Journal of International Business Studies2010，41，2： | 1 |
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