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| 1 | Mining seismicity in the Witwatersrand Basin:monitoring,mechanisms and mitigation strategies in perspective显示文摘The Kaapvaal Craton in South Africa hosts one of the largest gold placer deposits in the world. Mining in the Witwatersrand Basin here has been the source of about one third to one half of the gold ever produced in the world. Gold was discovered in the Johannesburg area in 1886 and after 120 years of continuous operation, mining is currently approaching depths of 4 000 m. In spite of the challenges and risks that the industry has had to deal with including rock temperature, ventilation and water, one of the most feared hazards in the basin has been the threat from the ongoing occurrence of seismicity and rockbursts. The problem first manifested itself by way of the occurrence of tremors roughly twenty years after the commencement of mining operations. This paper traces the history of the approach to rockbursts and seismicity during the 120 year history of mining in the basin. It portrays a picture of the mining seismicity in terms of monitoring phases, mechanisms and mitigation strategies. The work of research organizations over the years is highlighted with a brief mention of current regulation strategies on the part of the mining inspectorate. | K. L. Riemer R. J. Durrheim | 2012 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2012，4，3： | 6 |
| 2 | Diversity and production in an Afromontane Forest显示文摘Background:This contribution evaluates the effect of forest structure and tree species diversity on plot productivity and individual tree growth in the unique Knysna forests in Southern Africa using mapped tree data from an observational study that has been re-measured over a period of 40 years.Methods:The effects of tree species diversity and forest structure on tree growth and forest production are evaluated on three levels of resolution:a) the forest community(canopy,sub-canopy species),b) the subplots(number of trees per ha,skewness of the diameter distribution,diameter coefficient of variation) and c) the immediate neighborhood of selected reference trees('Mingling','Dominance',Aggregation' and 'Size Variation').Results:An analysis of the community level identified two distinct clusters,one including dominant/canopy species with the highest growth rates and a greater variation of growth,and another cluster which includes the remaining subcanopy species which have a smaller maximum size and lower rates of growth.The area-based structure variables on plot level have a highly significant effect on total basal area growth.However,the effects of forest density and species richness on productivity were not straight forward.Maximum basal area production of about 0.75 m^2/ha/year is achieved at medium levels of richness(around 20 species per ha) and medium levels of density(around 30 m^2/ha basal area) using percentile regression estimates.The relative 'Dominance' of a selected reference tree had a highly significant effect on individual tree growth on all investigated species.Other neighbourhood structure variables were only occasionally significant or not significant at all.Conclusion:This contribution presents a new theoretical framework for analysing natural forests that includes community,plot and neighborhood variables of forest structure and diversity,and a first specific analysis of the structure and dynamics of the Knysna Afromontane Forest,based on a unique set of longterm observations.The species-area(SAR) model developed in this study,represents a new general approach that can be used to derive a common standard of tree species diversity for different plot sizes,the species richness per hectare. | Klaus v.Gadow GongQiao Zhang Graham Durrheim David Drew Armin Seydack | 2016 | Forest Ecosystems2016，3，4： | 5 |
| 3 | Competition effects in an afrotemperate forest显示文摘Background:Information about competition responses is mainly available for monospecific stands or mixed stands with a small number of species.Studies on complex multi-species and highly structured forest ecosystems are scarce.Accordingly,the objective of this study was to quantify competition effects and analyse competition responses in a species-diverse afrotemperate forest in South Africa,based on an observational study with mapped tree positions and long-term diameter increment records.Methods:The sensitivity to competition was analysed for individual species and involved the calculation of the slope of the linear relation between the value of a competition index(CI) and diameter growth as a measure of sensitivity.In a next step different competition indices were combined and tree diameters were grouped in three classes as surrogates for canopy status and ontogenetic stage.Results:Five competition indices were found to be effective in showing sensitivity to competition for a number of canopy and sub-canopy species.Significant linear regressions were fitted for 18 of a total of 25 species.Species reactions varied significantly in their sensitivity to the different CIs.The indices were classified as belonging to two groups,those that responded more to local crowding and those that are more sensitive to overtopping,which revealed species-specific sensitivities to both factors.The analysis based on diameter classes revealed that species clearly changed their sensitivity to crowding or overtopping depending on diameter.Canopy and sub-canopy species showed distinct differences in their reactions.Conclusions:The application of multiple CIs brought novel insights relating to the dynamics of afrotemperate forests.The response patterns to different competition indices that focus on crowding and overtopping are varied and tree diameter dependent,indicating that oversimplified assumptions are not warranted in the interpretation of CI- growth relations. | Thomas Seifert Stefan Seifert Armin Seydack Graham Durrheim Klaus von Gadow | 2014 | Forestry Studies in China2014，16，3： | 2 |
| 4 | Using epidemiologicaland molecular methods to investigate an outbreak of gonorrhoeaassociated with heterosexual contact in Newcastle, NSW, Aus-tralia显示文摘 | Todd K Durrheim D Pickles R | 2007 | Sex Health2007，4，4： | 1 |
| 5 | Rock Mass Behaviour under Seismic Loading in A Deep Mine Environment:Implications for Stop Support显示文摘 | Cichowicz A Milev A M Durrheim R J | | 0，，02： | 1 |
| 6 | Characteristics of a widespread community cluster of H275Y oseltamivir-resistant A (H1N1) pdm09 influenza in Australia显示文摘 | Hurt A C Hardie K Wilson N J Deng Y M Oshourn M Leang S K Lee R T Iannello P Gehrig N Shaw R Wark P Caldwell N Givney R C Xue L Maurer- Stroh S Dwyer D E Wang B Smith D W Levy A Booy R Dixit R Merritt T Kelso A Dalton C Durrheim D Barr I G | 2012 | J Infect Dis2012，206，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Using a geographical information system to plan amalaria control programme in South Africa显示文摘 | Booman M Durrheim DN Grange KL | 2000 | Bull WHO2000，78，： | 1 |
| 8 | 3D edge detection seismic attributes used to map potential conduits for water and methane in deep gold mines in the Witwatersrand basin, South Africa显示文摘 | Musa S D Manzi Raymond J Durrheim Kim A A Hein | 2012 | Geophysics2012，77，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Using a geographical information system to plan a malaria control programmein Soth Africa显示文摘 | Booman M Durrheim DN La Grange K | 2000 | Bull World Health Organ2000，78，12： | 1 |
| 10 | Flunarizine-effective add-on therapy in reading epilepsy显示文摘 | Durrheim DN Joubert J Griesel RD | 1992 | S Afr Med J1992，82，： | 1 |
| 11 | EULDEP:A program for the Euler deconvolution of magnetic and gravity data显示文摘 | Durrheim R J Cooper G R J | 1998 | Computers & Geosciences1998，24，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Factors influencing the severity of rockburst damage in South African gold mines 显示文摘 | Durrheim R J Roberts M K C Haile A T | 1998 | The Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy1998，98，34： | 1 |
| 13 | Using a geographical information system to plan a malaria control programme in South Africa显示文摘 | Booman M Durrheim DN Grange KL | 2000 | Bull World Health Organ2000，78，12： | 1 |
| 14 | Remaining measles chal- lenges in Australia 显示文摘 | Durrheim DN Kelly H Ferson M J | 2007 | Med J Austrlia2007，187，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Etiology of encephalitis in australia, 1990-2007 显示文摘 | Huppatz C Durrheim DN Levi C | 2009 | Emerg Infect Dis2009，15，9： | 1 |
| 16 | Rock mass behavior under seismic loading in a deep mine environment: Implications for stope support 显示文摘 | CICHOWICZ A MILLER A M DURRHEIM R J | 2000 | Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy2000，100，2： | 1 |
| 17 | A program for the Euler deconvolution of magnetic and gravity data显示文摘 | Durrheim R J Cooper G R J | 1998 | Computers & Geosciences1998，24，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Addressing the immunization coverage paradox:a matter of children's rights and social justice显示文摘 | Durrheim DN Cashman P | 2010 | Clinical Therapeutics2010，32，8： | 1 |
| 19 | Addressing the immunization coverage paradox: A matter of children's rights and social justice显示文摘 | Durrheim D N Cashman P | 2010 | Clinical therapeutics2010，32，8： | 1 |
| 20 | Adverse drug reactions in adult medical iupatients in a South African hospital serving a community with a high HIV/AIDS prevalence: prospective observational study显示文摘 | Mehta U Durrheim DN Blockman M | 2007 | Br J Clin Pharmacol2007，65，3： | 1 |
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