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| 1 | Growth and form of Quercus robur and Fraxinus excelsior respond distinctly different to initial growing space: results from 24-year-old Nelder experiments显示文摘Initial growing space is of critical importance to growth and quality development of individual trees. We investigated how mortality, growth (diameter at breast height, total height), natural pruning (height to first dead and first live branch and branchiness) and stem and crown form of 24-year-old pedunculate oak (Quercus robur [L.]) and European ash (Fraxinus excelsior [L.]) were affected by initial spacing. Data were recorded from two replicate single-species Nelder wheels located in southern Germany with eight initial stocking regimes varying from 1,020 to 30,780 seedlings·ha -1 . Mortality substantially decreased with increasing initial growing space but significantly differed among the two species, averaging 59% and 15% for oak and ash plots, respectively. In contrast to oak, the low self-thinning rate found in the ash plots over the investigated study period resulted in a high number of smaller intermediate or suppressed trees, eventually retarding individual tree as well as overall stand development. As a result, oak gained greater stem dimensions throughout all initial spacing regimes and the average height of ash significantly increased with initial growing space. The survival of lower crown class ashes also appeared to accelerate self-pruning dynamics. In comparison to oak, we observed less dead and live primary branches as well as a smaller number of epicormic shoots along the first 6m of the lower stemof dominant and co-dominant ashes in all spacing regimes. Whereas stem form of both species was hardly affected by initial growing space, the percentage of brushy crowns significantly increased with initial spacing in oak and ash. Our findings suggest that initial stockings of ca. 12,000 seedlings per hectare in oak and 2,500 seedlings per hectare in ash will guarantee a sufficient number of at least 300 potential crop trees per hectare in pure oak and ash plantations at the end of the self-thinning phase, respectively. If the problem of epicormic shoots and inadequate self-pruning can be controlled with trainer species, the initial stocking may be reduced significantly in oak. | Christian Kuehne Patrick Pyttel Edgar Kublin Jürgen Bauhus | 2013 | Journal of Forestry Research2013，24，1： | 5 |
| 2 | Substrates for gallium nitride epitaxy显示文摘 | LIU L EDGAR J H | 2002 | Mater Sci Eng R2002，37，： | 2 |
| 3 | Advances in cellulose ester performance and application显示文摘 | Kevin J Edgar Charles M Buchanan John S Debenham Paul A Rundquist Brian D Seiler Michael C Shelton Debra Tindall | 2001 | Progress in Polymer Science2001，，9： | 2 |
| 4 | Staudinger Reduction Chemistry of Cellulose: Synthesis of Selectively O-Acylated 6-Amino -6-deoxy-cellulose显示文摘 | Fox S C Edgar K J | 2012 | Biomacromolecules2012，13，4： | 1 |
| 5 | The gene structure and expression of human ABHD1 :overlapping polyadenylation signal sequence with Sec12显示文摘 | Edgar A J | 2003 | BMC Genomics2003，，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Characterization of cytoplasmic secretory granules PSG in prostatic epithelium and their transformation induced loss in dysplasia and adenocarcinoma显示文摘 | Cohen R J McNeal J E Edgar S G | 1998 | Hum Pathol1998，29，： | 1 |
| 7 | The application and impact of cryopreservation of early cleavage stage embryos in assisted reproduction显示文摘 | Edgar DH Archer J Bourne H | 2005 | Hum Fertil2005，8，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Calcineurin differentially regulates fast myosin heavy chain genes in oxidative muscle frbre type conversion显示文摘 | da Costa N Edgar J Ooi PT | 2007 | Cell Tissue Res2007，329，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Male seem organ chemicals of the vine moth, Phalaenoides glycinae Lew (Agaristidae) 显示文摘 | EDGAR J A COCKRUM P A CARRODUS B B | 1979 | Expefientia1979，35，： | 1 |
| 10 | Advances in cellu- lose ester performance and application显示文摘 | Edgar K J Buchanan C M Debenham J S | 2001 | Prog Polym Sic2001，26，9： | 1 |
| 11 | Common ocular surface disorders in patients in intensive care units显示文摘 | Grixti A Sadri M Edgar J | 2012 | The Ocular Surface2012，10，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Chaos control and synchronization,with input saturation,via recurrent neural networks显示文摘 | Edgar N Sanchez Luis J Ricalde | 2003 | Neural Networks2003，16，： | 1 |
| 13 | Spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in a strongly focused optical beam显示文摘 | ZHAO Y EDGAR J S JEFFRIES G D M | 2007 | Physical Review Letters2007，99，7： | 1 |
| 14 | An improved method for nonlinear model reduction using balancing of empirical gramians显示文摘 | Hahn J Edgar T F | 2002 | Computers and Chemical Engineering2002，26，10： | 1 |
| 15 | Substrates for Gallium Nitride Epitaxy 显示文摘 | Liu L Edgar J H | 2002 | Materials Science Engineering R2002，37，： | 1 |
| 16 | A robust fuzzy autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) docking approach for unknown current disturbances 显示文摘 | KEN T EDGAR A PIERRE-PHILIPPE J B | 2012 | IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering2012，37，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Mechanical properties of Nylon bonded Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets显示文摘 | Monika G G Albert J S Ma B M Edgar L C Ronald O S | 2003 | Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials2003，257，： | 1 |
| 18 | Effect of pretreatment with microwaves on mechanical extraction yield and quality of vegetable oil from Chilean hazelnuts ( Gevuina avellana Mol) 显示文摘 | Edgar U Marcia J Jaime O | 2008 | Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies2008，9，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Correlation of endo-scopic biopsywith tumormarker status in primary intracranialgermcell tumors 显示文摘 | Luther N Edgar MA Dunkei I J | 2006 | J Neuroonco2006，79，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Iterative learning dual-mode control of exothermic batch reactors显示文摘 | Cho Wonhui Edgar T F Lee J | 2008 | Control Engineering Practice2008，16，7： | 1 |
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