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| 1 | Pathogenesis-related protein genes involved in race-specific allstage resistance and non-race specific high-temperature adultplant resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in wheat显示文摘Interactions of the stripe rust pathogen(Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) with wheat plants activate a wide range of host responses. Among various genes involved in the plant-pathogen interactions, the expressions of particular pathogenesisrelated(PR) protein genes determine different defense responses. Different types of resistance have been recognized and utilized for developing wheat cultivars for resistance to stripe rust. All-stage resistance can be detected in seedling stage and remains at high levels throughout the plant growth stages. This type of resistance is race-specific and not durable. In contrast, plants with only high-temperature adult-plant(HTAP) resistance are susceptible in seedling stage, but become resistant when plants grow older and the weather becomes warmer. HTAP resistance controlled by a single gene is partial, but usually non-race specific and durable. The objective of this study was to analyze the expression of PR protein genes involved in different types of wheat resistance to stripe rust. The expression levels of 8 PR protein genes(PR1, PR1.2, PR2, PR3, PR4, PR5, PR9 and PR10) were quantitatively evaluated at 0, 1, 2, 7 and 14 days after inoculation in single resistance gene lines of wheat with all-stage resistance genes YrTr1, Yr76, YrSP and YrExp2 and lines carrying HTAP resistance genes Yr52, Yr59, Yr62 and Yr7 B. Races PSTv-4 and PSTv-37 for compatible and incompatible interactions were used in evaluation of PR protein gene expression in wheat lines carrying all-stage resistance genes in the seedlingstage experiment while PSTv-37 was used in the HTAP experiment. Analysis of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) revealed that all of the PR protein genes were involved in the different types of resistance controlled by different Yr genes. However, these genes were upregulated at different time points and at different levels during the infection process among the wheat lines with different Yr genes for either all-stage resistance or HTAP resistance. Some of the genes were also induced in compatible interactions, but the levels were almost always higher in the incompatible interaction than in the compatible interaction at the same time point for each Yr gene. These results indicate that bothsalicylic acid and jasmonate signaling pathways are involved in both race-specific all-stage resistance and non-race specific HTAP resistance. Although expressing at different stages of infection and at different levels, these PR protein genes work in concert for contribution to different types of resistance controlled by different Yr genes. | Sumaira Farrakh Meinan Wang Xianming Chen | 2018 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2018，17，11： | 4 |
| 2 | Knowledge,attitudes and practices related to cystic echinococcosis endemicity in Pakistan显示文摘Background:Cystic echinococcosis(CE)is a human and animal health problem in many endemic areas worldwide.It is considered a neglected zoonotic disease caused by the larval form(hydatid cyst)of Echinococcus spp.tapeworm.There are limited studies on echinococcosis in Pakistan.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted to find out recent knowledge,attitudes and practices on the occurrence of cystic echinococcosis in butchers and dog owners in both urban and rural areas of Rawalpindi/Islamabad regions,Pakistan.The quantitative data was collected in the form of questionnaires to investigate the knowledge and awareness of CE among community members and their routine practices that were behind the factors involved in hydatid cyst infection.The practices and infrastructure of abattoirs/butcher shops and their role in transmission of cystic echinococcosis were also evaluated in the present study.Results:The participants involved in the study were dog owners and people who kept animals.A total of 400 people were interviewed and 289 questionnaires were received.The results showed that only 4.1%of people have heard about the disease,and 58.1%were closely associated with dogs.Sixty-three percent of dogs in study area were consuming uncooked organs(e.g.liver,lung,etc.)of slaughtered animals,while 100%of dogs at butcher shops were consuming uncooked organs.Home slaughtering was common in 20.06%.Among butchers,32.3%had heard about zoonoses and 7.61%knew about CE.The statistical analysis showed that there was highly significant difference(P<0.05)among most of the practices that were associated with the prevalence of CE.Conclusions:It was concluded from the present study that,the knowledge and awareness of CE among people of Rawalpindi/Islamabad were low.Because of dogs and poor knowledge of CE among community members and butchers,the transmission of echinococcosis is facilitated.Therefore,there is urgent need to strengthen awareness and health education among people,as well as proper practices related to the CE not only in the study area,but also in other areas of Pakistan. | Aisha Khan Kashf Naz Haroon Ahmed Sami Simsek Muhammad Sohail Afzal Waseem Haider Sheikh Saeed Ahmad Sumaira Farrakh Wu Weiping Guan Yayi | 2018 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2018，7，1： | 1 |
| 3 | Evaluation of the Transient Energy Function Method for On-line Dynamic Security Analysis显示文摘 | Farrakh R A Lauby M G Wrabel J N | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 4 | ACE I/D and G2350A Polymorphisms in Pakistani Hypertensive Population of Punjab显示文摘 | Farrakh M. Alvi Shahida Hasnain | 2009 | Clinical and Experimental Hypertension2009，，5： | 1 |
| 5 | (Per)chlorate reduction by an acetogenic bacterium, Sporomusa sp., isolated from an underground gas storage显示文摘 | Melike Balk Farrakh Mehboob Antonie H. Gelder W. Irene C. Rijpstra Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté Alfons J. M. Stams | 2010 | Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology2010，，2： | 1 |
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