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| 1 | Analysing the relationship between drought and soil erosion using vegetation health index and RUSLE models in Godavari middle sub-basin,India显示文摘Drought is a natural phenomenon posing severe implications for soil,groundwater and agricultural yield.It has been recognized as one of the most pervasive global change drivers to affect the soil.Soil being a weakly renewable resource takes a long time to form,but it takes no time to degrade.However,the response of soil to drought conditions as soil loss is not manifested in the existing literature.Thus,this study makes a concerted effort to analyze the relationship between drought conditions and soil erosion in the middle sub-basin of the Godavari River in India.MODIS remote sensing data was utilized for driving drought indices during 2000-2019.Firstly,we constricted Temperature condition index(TCI)and Vegetation Condition Index(VCI)from Land Surface Temperature(LST)and Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI)derived from MODIS data.TCI and VCI were then integrated to determine the Vegetation Health Index(VHI).Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)was utilized for estimating soil loss.The relationship between drought condition and vegetation was ascertained using the Pearson correlation.Most of the northern and southern watersheds experienced severe drought condition in the sub-basin during2000-2019.The mean frequency of the drought occurrence was 7.95 months.The average soil erosion in the sub-basin was estimated to be 9.88 t ha^(-1)year^(-1).A positive relationship was observed between drought indices and soil erosion values(r value being 0.35).However,wide variations were observed in the distribution of spatial correlation.Among various factors,the slope length and steepness were found to be the main drivers of soil erosion in the sub-basin.Thus,the study calls for policy measures to lessen the impact of drought and soil erosion. | Md Masroor Haroon Sajjad Sufia Rehman Roshani Singh Md Hibjur Rahaman Mehebub Sahana Raihan Ahmed Ram Avtar | 2022 | Geoscience Frontiers2022，13，2： | 4 |
| 2 | Impact of community-based interventions on HIV knowledge, attitudes, and transmission显示文摘In 2012,an estimated 35.3 million people lived with HIV,while approximately two million new HIV infections were reported.Community-based interventions(CBIs)for the prevention and control of HIV allow increased access and ease availability of medical care to population at risk,or already infected with,HIV.This paper evaluates the impact of CBIs on HIV knowledge,attitudes,and transmission.We included 39 studies on educational activities,counseling sessions,home visits,mentoring,women’s groups,peer leadership,and street outreach activities in community settings that aimed to increase awareness on HIV/AIDS risk factors and ensure treatment adherence.Our review findings suggest that CBIs to increase HIV awareness and risk reduction are effective in improving knowledge,attitudes,and practice outcomes as evidenced by the increased knowledge scores for HIV/AIDS(SMD:0.66,95%CI:0.25,1.07),protected sexual encounters(RR:1.19,95%CI:1.13,1.25),condom use(SMD:0.96,95%CI:0.03,1.58),and decreased frequency of sexual intercourse(RR:0.76,95%CI:0.61,0.96).Analysis shows that CBIs did not have any significant impact on scores for self-efficacy and communication.We found very limited evidence on community-based management for HIV infected population and prevention of mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)for HIV-infected pregnant women.Qualitative synthesis suggests that establishment of community support at the onset of HIV prevention programs leads to community acceptance and engagement.School-based delivery of HIV prevention education and contraceptive distribution have also been advocated as potential strategies to target high-risk youth group.Future studies should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of community delivery platforms for prevention of MTCT,and various emerging models of care to improve morbidity and mortality outcomes. | Rehana A Salam Sarah Haroon Hashim H Ahmed Jai K Das Zulfiqar A Bhutta | 2014 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2014，3，1： | 3 |
| 3 | Why more research needs to be done on echinococcosis in Pakistan显示文摘Background:Echinococcosis has a worldwide geographical distribution with endemic foci on every inhabited continent.Due to the frequent outbreaks in different parts of Pakistan in the recent past,echinococcosis is being described as a neglected tropical disease and is considered one of the most neglected parasitic diseases in the country.In endemic regions,predominantly settings with limited resources,there are high numbers of echinococcosis patients,as these communities do not have access to appropriate treatment.In Pakistan,there are limited reports on echinococcosis.The disease is prevalent in human and livestock,but this has not been sufficiently explored yet.Pakistan is an agricultural country and due to the disease’s zoonotic mode of transmission,there is a dire need of future research on it.The present paper is an effort to highlight the importance of echinococcosis in Pakistan.Discussion:There is a dire need for future research on echinococcosis in Pakistan as very few investigations had been carried out on this topic thus far.The prevalence of the disease in neighbouring countries highlights that Pakistan might be at severe risk of this zoonotic infection and further supports the need for more research.In Pakistan,the majority of the population lives in rural areas with limited acess to proper hygienic/sanitary facilities.These conditions favour the outbreak of diseases such as echinococcosis.The limited available data could result in higher outbreaks in the future,and thus cause the already weak healthcare system to overburden.The country has a meagre annual budget for health,which is being spent on known infections such as polio,dengue fever and hepatic viral infections.A proper surveillance system for echinococcosis is required across the country as treatment is usually expensive,complicated and may require extensive surgery and/or prolonged drug therapy.Development of new/novel drugs and other treatment modalities receives very little,if any,attention.Prognostic awareness programmes against this infection involve deworming of the infected animals,improved food inspection and slaughterhouse hygiene,and public education campaigns.Conclusion:Future research on echinococcosis is anticipated to demonstrate whether the epidemiology,diagnosis and recombinant vaccines/antibodies relating to echinococcosis can meet the quality standards(purity,potency,safety and efficacy)defined by the World Health Organization.Research work should be carried out on the epidemiology and serodiagnosis of echinocossis in the different areas of Pakistan,which will be useful for the proper eradication of echinococcosis in this region.The health department should implement awareness-raising campaigns for the general public in order to reduce the burden of disease. | Haroon Ahmed Shahzad Ali Muhammad Sohail Afzal Abid Ali Khan Hamid Raza Zaheer Hussain Shah Sami Simsek | 2017 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 4 | Impacts of center pivot irrigation system uniformity on growth of potato crop and residual soil nitrogen显示文摘Maintaining the homogeneity of soil nitrogen(N)and plant vigor across agricultural fields is a major concern for farmers and agricultural scheme planners,particularly fields that are irrigated through pressurized systems,such as center pivots.Therefore,this study was carried out on a 30 hm2 potato field located 650 km south of Riyadh,the capital city of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,to investigate the impacts of the center pivot irrigation distribution uniformity on the crop development and the spatial distribution of residual soil N.Irrigation performance test was designed to investigate water application rate and distribution uniformities.The overall water application uniformity coefficients(Cu),determined through Christiansen(Cud)and Heerman(CuH)methods,were determined at 81.29%and 80.64%,respectively.However,the overall water distribution uniformity(Du)was determined at 70%.A considerable variability in the distribution uniformity of irrigation water was observed across the experimental field(a Du value of 67%over the medium spans compared to a Du value of 88%over the inner spans).Results of this study showed a linear correlation between the irrigation water distribution uniformity and the soil N(R^(2)=0.88).On the other hand,the vegetation cover distribution,indicated by the Cumulative Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(CNDVI),was not found to be much responsive to the irrigation distribution uniformity(R^(2)=0.11).A time series of successive NDVI maps extracted throughout the potato crop growth stages showed a consistent trend in the distribution of NDVI across the field,with R2 values that ranged between 0.25-0.73. | Khalid A.Al-Gaadi Abdalhaleem A.Hassaballa ElKamil Tola Ahmed G.Kayad Rangaswamy Madugundu Fahad Assiri Mohamed Edrris Ahmed Alameen Haroon Edrees | 2019 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2019，12，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Brand Management,What is Next? Word of Mouth (WOM) as a 6th Element of Promotional Mix and IMC 显示文摘 | Ahmed Nadeem Haroon Rashid Sheraz Ahamed Khan Niazi | 2011 | Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research In Business2011，4，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Knowledge,attitudes and practices related to cystic echinococcosis endemicity in Pakistan显示文摘Background:Cystic echinococcosis(CE)is a human and animal health problem in many endemic areas worldwide.It is considered a neglected zoonotic disease caused by the larval form(hydatid cyst)of Echinococcus spp.tapeworm.There are limited studies on echinococcosis in Pakistan.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted to find out recent knowledge,attitudes and practices on the occurrence of cystic echinococcosis in butchers and dog owners in both urban and rural areas of Rawalpindi/Islamabad regions,Pakistan.The quantitative data was collected in the form of questionnaires to investigate the knowledge and awareness of CE among community members and their routine practices that were behind the factors involved in hydatid cyst infection.The practices and infrastructure of abattoirs/butcher shops and their role in transmission of cystic echinococcosis were also evaluated in the present study.Results:The participants involved in the study were dog owners and people who kept animals.A total of 400 people were interviewed and 289 questionnaires were received.The results showed that only 4.1%of people have heard about the disease,and 58.1%were closely associated with dogs.Sixty-three percent of dogs in study area were consuming uncooked organs(e.g.liver,lung,etc.)of slaughtered animals,while 100%of dogs at butcher shops were consuming uncooked organs.Home slaughtering was common in 20.06%.Among butchers,32.3%had heard about zoonoses and 7.61%knew about CE.The statistical analysis showed that there was highly significant difference(P<0.05)among most of the practices that were associated with the prevalence of CE.Conclusions:It was concluded from the present study that,the knowledge and awareness of CE among people of Rawalpindi/Islamabad were low.Because of dogs and poor knowledge of CE among community members and butchers,the transmission of echinococcosis is facilitated.Therefore,there is urgent need to strengthen awareness and health education among people,as well as proper practices related to the CE not only in the study area,but also in other areas of Pakistan. | Aisha Khan Kashf Naz Haroon Ahmed Sami Simsek Muhammad Sohail Afzal Waseem Haider Sheikh Saeed Ahmad Sumaira Farrakh Wu Weiping Guan Yayi | 2018 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2018，7，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Paramedian approach for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with unilateral pedicle screw fixation 显示文摘 | Tuttle J Ahmed S Haroon FC | 2006 | Neurosurg Focus2006，20，： | 1 |
| 8 | Single electron transistor using a molecularly linked gold collidal particle chain 显示文摘 | Toshihiko Sato Haroon Ahmed David Brown | 1997 | Appl phys1997，82，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Recent HCV genotype changing pattern in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan; is it pointing out a forthcoming problem?显示文摘 | Muhammad Sohail Afzal Zaheer Hussain Shah Haroon Ahmed | 2015 | Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases2015，，： | 1 |
| 10 | Synthesis, Characterization and Antiepileptic Activity of Some New N-Substituted Phthalimide Analogs显示文摘 | Omran N. R. Fhid Shaban E. A. Saad Talal H. Zeglam Asma Eswayah Tariq Elmoug Esra Alnnas Yousra Haroon Ahmed A. Eldep Abdelhamed Ebzabez | 2014 | Journal of Life Sciences2014，8，4： | 0 |
| 11 | Determining soil organic carbon concentration in agricultural fields using a handheld spectroradiometer:Implication for soil fertility measurement显示文摘The soil organic carbon(SOC)plays a vital role in plant growth and development,and therefore is considered as one of the most important indicators of soil quality.This study was carried out in the central region of Saudi Arabia to explore the potential of spectroscopy in determining the SOC concentration in low-fertility soils.Spectral reflectance data were collected,under the controlled laboratory conditions on 39 air-dried 2.0 mm sieved soil samples,using a handheld spectroradiometer of a wavelength range between 350 nm and 2500 nm in the direct contact probe mode.The concentration of the SOC was determined using the Walkley and Black(W&B)and the UV-VIS spectrophotometric methods.The increase in the concentration of SOC was associated with a decrease in the corresponding spectral reflectance.Regression analysis showed linear relationships with high significant correlation between the spectral reflectance and the SOC measured by both the UV-VIS(Model-1:R^(2)=0.46,p=0.00015 and RMSE=6.6 g/kg)and the W&B(Model-2:R^(2)=0.48,p=8.92E-05 and RMSE=2.8 g/kg)methods.For these models,two wavebands with wavelengths of 2167 nm(Model-1)and 1359 nm(Model-2)were identified as the most sensitive bands to the SOC concentration.The cross-validation confirmed the validity of Model-1 with R^(2),p and RMSE values of 0.50,0.0099 and 6.6 g/kg,respectively.The validation results of the Model-2 showed values of R^(2),p and RMSE of 0.72,0.00023 and 4.0 g/kg,respectively.Results of this study revealed the possibility and the potential of using the spectral reflectance technique in predicting the concentration of SOC. | ElKamil Tola Khalid A.Al-Gaadi Rangaswamy Madugundu Ahmed G.Kayad Ahmed A.Alameen Haroon F.Edrees Mohamed K.Edrris | 2018 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2018，11，6： | 0 |
| 12 | Reversal of multidrug resistance and antitumor promoting activity of 3-oxo-6β-hydroxy-β-amyrin isolated from Pistacia integerrima显示文摘The bioactive triterpenoid 3-oxo-6-β-hydroxy-β-amyrin(1)has been isolated from multiple plant sources.In this study,chloroform fraction of Pistacia integerrima extract was processed for the isolation of the compound.The compound identity was confirmed by advanced spectroscopy technique.X-ray crystallography was applied for molecular structure confirmation.In addition,compound 1 was screen for its activity on reversal of MDR(multidrug resistance)mediated by P-gp(P-glycoprotein).This was accomplished by using rhodamine123 exclusion on multidrug-resistant human ABCB1 gene transfected mouse T-lymphoma cell line.Outcomes revealed that MDR reversing effect was comparable to verapamil as positive control in vitro.Treatment of TPA-induced tumor promotion with 3-oxo-6β-hydroxy-β-amyrin led to reduction in the applied anti-tumor promotion experiment.The chemo-preventive effect of 3-oxo-6β-hydroxy-β-amyrin was comparable to curcumin as positive control based on the reduction of immediate early tumor antigen expression.Molecular docking by applying Autodock Vina 1 and i-GEMDOCK v 2.1 tools indicated that compound 1 gives good docking results,as determined by their fitness score and specificity.Moreover,results showed that compound 1 isolated from Pistacia integerrima precisely attached to a region where co-crystallized ligand for receptor previously existed.Our findings may explain the use of Pistacia integerrima plant extracts as an anticancer agent in folk medicine. | ABDUR RAUF SAUD BAWAZEER MUSLIM RAZA EMAN EL-SHARKAWY MD.HABIBUR RAHMAN MOHAMED A.EL-ESAWI GHIAS UDDIN BINA SSIDDIQUI ANEES AHMED KHALIL JOSEPH MOLNAR AKOS CSONKA DIÁNA SZABÓ HAROON KHAN MOHAMMAD SMUBARAK TAIBI BEN HADDA MUDYAWATI KAMARUDDIN SEEMA PATEL | 2021 | BIOCELL2021，45，1： | 0 |
| 13 | Toxic and Antifeedant Effects of Different Pesticidal Plant Extracts against Beet Armyworm (Spodoptera exigua)显示文摘The beet armyworm(BAW),Spodoptera exigua(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)is a highly destructive pest of vegetables and field crops.Management of beet armyworm primarily relies on synthetic pesticides,which is threatening the beneficial community and environment.Most importantly,the BAW developed resistance to synthetic pesticides with making it difficult to manage.Therefore,alternative and environment-friendly pest management tactics are urgently required.The use of pesticidal plant extracts provides an effective way for a sustainable pest management program.To evaluate the use of pesticidal plant extracts against BAW,we selected six plant species(Lantana camara,Aloe vera,Azadirachta indica,Cymbopogon citratus,Nicotiana tabacum,and Ocimum basilicum)for initial screening experiment.Four out of six plant species such as A.indica,N.tabacum,C.citratus and O.basilicum showed promising mortality of more than 50%.Therefore,we selected these four plant extracts for the subsequent experiments.Through contact bioassay,A.indica showed high mortality 66.63%,followed by the N.tabacum 53.33%,at 10%w/v concentration.Similarly,N.tabacum showed the highest mortality rate,66%at 10%w/v concentration,followed by the A.indica 46%through feeding bioassay.Furthermore,the feeding deterrence assay showed that C.citratus had a high antifeedant index(−50)followed by A.indica(−39),and N.tabacum(−28).In living plant assay,the N.tabacum extract showed a low mean damage score 3.6 on living cotton plant followed by C.citratus 4.5 and A.indica 5.5.Hence,extracts of three plant species provided promising results against the BAW,which can minimize the use of synthetic chemicals,particularly for small landholding farmers.Further studies are also required to evaluate the effects of these plant extract against BAW on cotton plants under field conditions to optimize the further use. | Muhammad Asad Rashad Rasool Khan Ahmed B.Aljuboory Muhammad Haroon URashid Uttam Kumar Inzamam Ul Haq Aqsa Hafeez Ahmed Noureldeen Khadiga Alharbi | 2023 | Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany2023，92，4： | 0 |
| 14 | Mobile phones in the orthopedic operating room: Microbial colonization and antimicrobial resistance显示文摘BACKGROUND Surgical site infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality following orthopedic surgery.Recent efforts to identify sources of contamination in the operating rooms have implicated mobile phones.AIM To investigate microbial colonization on the mobile phones of health care professionals in the orthopedic operating room.METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study involving culture and sensitivity analysis of swabs taken from the mobile phones of orthopedic and anesthesia attendings,residents,technicians and nurses working in the orthopedic operating rooms over a period of two months.Demographic and cell phone related factors were recorded using a questionnaire and the factors associated with contamination were analyzed.RESULTS Ninety-three of 100 mobile phones were contaminated.Species isolated were Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(62%),Micrococcus(41%)and Bacillus(26%).The risk of contamination was increased with mobile covers and cracked screens and decreased by cell phone cleaning.CONCLUSION Mobile phones belonging to health care workers are frequently contaminated with pathogenic bacteria with the potential of transferring drug resistance to nosocomial pathogens.Studies investigating the relationship to surgical site infections need to be conducted.The concept of'mobile hygiene'involving the change of mobile covers,replacement of cracked screens or even wiping the phone with an alcohol swab could yield the cost-effective balance that contaminated cell phones deserve until they are established as a direct cause of surgical site infections. | Nada Qaisar Qureshi Syed Hamza Mufarrih Seema Irfan Rizwan Haroon Rashid Akbar Jaleel Zubairi Anum Sadruddin Israr Ahmed Shahryar Noordin | 2020 | World Journal of Orthopedics2020，11，5： | 0 |
| 15 | Medicinal plants and phytomedicines are used to treat or prevent illnesses in Sudan: a review显示文摘Traditional medicine is a reliable source for treating many diseases in Sudan.It is widely recognized in Sudan,as no Sudanese house is devoid of medicinal herbs.The Sudanese people and their historical stock of knowledge are distinguished by their knowledge and the many applications of herbs in treatment.This reference paper aims to collect all the available information about the use of medicinal plants in Sudan to treat disease or prevent it.Sudanese medicinal plants include a variety of plants and there are many medicinal applications for these plants in the world.According to the information reached by the paper,there are many therapeutic medical applications of these plants in the treatment of various bacterial infections,including digestive diseases,malaria,diabetes,rheumatic pain,respiratory diseases,jaundice,urinary tract infections,wounds,cancer and various microbial infections,according to the information reached by the paper.This reference is for a few groups of Sudanese medicinal plants such as tamarind,hibiscus,Acacia nilotica,Combretum hartmannianum,and Guiera senegalensis,etc.This review article also showed that these plants contain many biologically active substances as active ingredients,including flavonoids,saponins,alkaloids,stimulants,terpenes,tannins,fatty acids and essential oils.Even though Sudanese people use herbal medicine to treat a wide range of illnesses,more research is needed to show that these plants are safe and effective for people to use.For example,phytochemical analysis,biochemical activity tests and toxicology studies should be done to show that these plants are safe and effective for people to use. | Abdalbasit Mariod Ahmed Mohamedain Haroon Elrasheid Tahir | 2023 | Traditional Medicine Research2023，8，1： | 0 |
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