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| 1 | Impaired coagulation,liver dysfunction and COVID-19:Discovering an intriguing relationship显示文摘Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is,at present,one of the most relevant global health problems.In the literature hepatic alterations have been described in COVID-19 patients,and they are mainly represented by worsening of underlying chronic liver disease leading to hepatic decompensation and liver failure with higher mortality.Several potential mechanisms used by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2)to cause liver damage have been hypothesized.COVID-19 primary liver injury is less common than secondary liver injury.Most of the available data demonstrate how liver damage in SARSCo V-2 infection is likely due to systemic inflammation,and it is less likely mediated by a cytopathic effect directed on liver cells.Moreover,liver alterations could be caused by hypoxic injury and drugs(antibiotics and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs,remdesivir,tocilizumab,tofacitinib and dexamethasone).SARS-Co V-2 infection can induce multiple vascular district atherothrombosis by affecting simultaneously cerebral,coronary and peripheral vascular beds.Data in the literature highlight how the virus triggers an exaggerated immune response,which added to the cytopathic effect of the virus can induce endothelial damage and a prothrombotic dysregulation of hemostasis.This leads to a higher incidence of symptomatic and confirmed venous thrombosis and of pulmonary embolisms,especially in central,lobar or segmental pulmonary arteries,in COVID-19.There are currently fewer data for arterial thrombosis,while myocardial injury was identified in 7%-17%of patients hospitalized with SARS-Co V-2 infection and 22%-31%in the intensive care unit setting.Available data also revealed a higher occurrence of stroke and more serious forms of peripheral arterial disease in COVID-19 patients.Hemostasis dysregulation is observed during the COVID-19 course.Lower platelet count,mildly increased prothrombin time and increased Ddimer are typical laboratory features of patients with severe SARS-Co V-2 infection,described as“COVID-19 associated coagulopathy.”These alterations are correlated to poor outcomes.Moreover,patients with severe SARS-Co V-2 infection are characterized by high levels of von Willebrand factor with subsequent ADAMTS13 deficiency and impaired fibrinolysis.Platelet hyperreactivity,hypercoagulability and hypofibrinolysis during SARS-Co V-2 infection induce a pathological state named as“immuno-thromboinflammation.”Finally,liver dysfunction and coagulopathy are often observed at the same time in patients with COVID-19.The hypothesis that liver dysfunction could be mediated by microvascular thrombosis has been supported by postmortem findings and extensive vascular portal and sinusoidal thrombosis observation.Other evidence has shown a correlation between coagulation and liver damage in COVID-19,underlined by the transaminase association with coagulopathy,identified through laboratory markers such as prothrombin time,international normalized ratio,fibrinogen,D-dimer,fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products and platelet count.Other possible mechanisms like immunogenesis of COVID-19 damage or massive pericyte activation with consequent vessel wall fibrosis have been suggested. | Damiano D'Ardes Andrea Boccatonda Giulio Cocco Stefano Fabiani Ilaria Rossi Marco Bucci Maria Teresa Guagnano Cosima Schiavone Francesco Cipollone | 2022 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2022，28，11： | 5 |
| 2 | Insulin resistance as a determinant of platelet activation in obese women显示文摘 | Basili S Pacini G Guagnano MT etal | 2006 | J Am Coll Cardiol2006，48，12： | 1 |
| 3 | Influences on attitude- behavior relationships: A natural experiment with curbside recy- cling 显示文摘 | GUAGNANO G A STERN P C DIETZ T | 1995 | Environment and Behavior1995，27，5： | 1 |
| 4 | Influences on attitude-behavior relationships: A natural experiment with curbside recycling 显示文摘 | Guagnano G A Stern P C Dietz T | 1995 | Environment and Behavior1995，27，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Influences of Attitude-Behavior Relationships:A Natural Experiment with Curbside Recycling显示文摘 | STERN P C DIETZ T | 1995 | Environment and Behavior1995，27，5： | 1 |
| 6 | Influences on atti- tude-behaviourrelationships: A natural experiment with curbside recycling 显示文摘 | Guagnano G A Stern P C Dietz T | 1995 | Environment and Behavior1995，，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Influences of Attitude-behavior Relationships: A Natural Experiment with Curbside Recycling显示文摘 | Guagnano G A Stern P C Dietz T | 1995 | Environment and Behavior1995，27，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Influences on attitude-behavior relationships:a natural experiment with curbside recycling显示文摘 | Guagnano G A Stern P C Dietz T | 1995 | Environment and Behavior1995，，27： | 1 |
| 9 | Influences of Attitude-behavior Relationships:ANatural Experiment with Curbside Recycling显示文摘 | Guagnano G A | 1995 | Environment andBehavior1995，，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Novel β-lactam derivatives: Potent and selective inhibitors of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the human 20S proteasome显示文摘 | Patricia Imbach Marc Lang Carlos García-Echeverría Vito Guagnano Maria Noorani Johannes Roesel Francis Bitsch Grety Rihs Pascal Furet | 2006 | Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters2006，，2： | 1 |
| 11 | A value-belief-norm theory of support for social movements:The case of environmentalism显示文摘 | Stern P C Dietz T Abel T D Guagnano G A Kalof L (1999) | 1999 | Human Ecology Review1999，6，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Platelet activeation in obese women : role of inflammation and oxidantstress 显示文摘 | Davi G Guagnano MT Ciabattoni G | 2002 | JAMA2002，288，16： | 1 |
| 13 | A value - belief - norm theory of support for social movements : The case of environmentalism显示文摘 | STERN P C DIETZ T ABEL T D GUAGNANO G A | 1999 | Human e- cology review1999，6，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Influences on att-itudebehavior relationships:a natural experiment with curbside recycling显示文摘 | Guagnano G A Stern P C Dietz T | 1995 | Environment and Behavior1995，27，： | 1 |
| 15 | Platelet activation in obese women: role of inflammation and oxidant stress 显示文摘 | Davi G Guagnano M T Ciabattoni G | 2002 | JAMA2002，288，16： | 1 |
| 16 | Clinical nutrition: inadequate teaching in medical schools 显示文摘 | Guagnano MT Meditti D Pace - Palitti V | 2001 | Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis2001，11，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Association of low-grade inflammation and platelet activation in patients with hypertension with microalbuminuria显示文摘 | Ferroni P Guagnano MT Falco A | 2008 | Clin Sci (Lond)2008，114，6： | 1 |
| 18 | A value-belief-norm theory of support for social movements:The case of environmentalism显示文摘 | Stem P.C Dietz T Abel T Guagnano G.A & Kalof L | | 0，，02： | 1 |
| 19 | Influences on attitudebehavior relationships: A natural experiment with eurbside reeyeling显示文摘 | Guagnano G A Stern P C Dietz T | 1995 | Environment and Behavior1995，，05： | 1 |
| 20 | Morning sudden cardiac death显示文摘 | Guagnano MT Davi G Sensi S | 2000 | Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol2000，13，1： | 1 |
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