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| 1 | Molecular confocal laser endomicroscopy:A novel technique for in vivo cellular characterization of gastrointestinal lesions显示文摘While flexible endoscopy is essential for macroscopic evaluation,confocal laser endomicroscopy(CLE)has recently emerged as an endoscopic method enabling visualization at a cellular level.Two systems are currently available,one based on miniprobes that can be inserted via a conventional endoscope or via a needle guided by endoscopic ultrasound.The second system has a confocal microscope integrated into the distal part of an endoscope.By adding molecular probes like fluorescein conjugated antibodies or fluorescent peptides to this procedure(either topically or systemically administered during on-going endoscopy),a novel world of molecular evaluation opens up.The method of molecular CLE could potentially be used for estimating the expression of important receptors in carcinomas,subsequently resulting in immediate individualization of treatment regimens,but also for improving the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic procedures by identifying otherwise invisible mucosal lesions.Furthermore,studies have shown that fluorescein labelled drugs can be used to estimate the affinity of the drug to a target organ,which probably can be correlated to the efficacy of the drug.However,several of the studies in this research field have been conducted in animal facilities or in vitro,while only a limited number of trials have actually been carried out in vivo.Therefore,safety issues still needs further evaluations.This review will present an overview of the implications and pitfalls,as well as future challenges of molecular CLE in gastrointestinal diseases. | John Gasdal Karstensen Pia Helene Klausen Adrian Saftoiu Peter Vilmann | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，24： | 6 |
| 2 | Apple dwarfing rootstocks exhibit an imbalance in carbohydrate allocation and reduced cell growth and metabolism显示文摘Apple dwarfing rootstocks cause earlier shoot termination and reduced root and shoot mass.To identify physiological factors responsible for rootstock-induced growth restriction,we compared vascular-enriched gene expression between two dwarfing rootstocks(‘M27’and‘M9’)and the vigorous rootstock‘M793’using RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR.Differentially expressed genes common to both dwarfing rootstocks belonged to five main biological processes:(1)primary metabolism,(2)cell wall synthesis and modification,(3)secondary metabolism,(4)hormone signalling and response and(5)redox homeostasis.Genes promoting the biosynthesis of amino acids,lipids and cell walls were downregulated in dwarfing rootstocks,whereas genes promoting the breakdown of these compounds were upregulated.The only exception to this trend was the upregulation of starch synthesis genes in dwarfing rootstocks.Non-structural carbohydrate analysis demonstrated that starch concentrations in‘M9’roots,stems and grafted‘Royal Gala’(‘RG’)scions were double that of equivalent tissues from‘RG’homo-grafted trees(‘RG’/‘RG’).Fructose and glucose concentrations were much lower in all three tissues of the‘RG’/‘M9’trees.Together,these data indicate that dwarfing rootstocks are in a state of sugar depletion and reduced cellular activity despite having large starch reserves.Another significant finding was the over-accumulation of flavonoids and the downregulation of auxin influx transporters MdAUX1 and MdLAX2 in dwarfing rootstocks.We propose that both factors reduce polar auxin transport.The results of this study contribute novel information about the physiological state of dwarfing rootstocks. | Toshi M Foster Peter A McAtee Chethi N Waite Helen L Boldingh Tony K McGhie | 2017 | Horticulture Research2017，4，1： | 4 |
| 3 | Phased,chromosome-scale genome assemblies of tetraploid potato reveal a complex genome,transcriptome,and predicted proteome landscape underpinning genetic diversity显示文摘Cultivated potato is a clonally propagated autotetraploid species with a highly heterogeneous genome.Phased assemblies of six cultivars including two chromosome-scale phased genome assemblies revealed extensive allelic diversity,including altered coding and transcript sequences,preferential allele expression,and structural variation that collectively result in a highly complex transcriptome and predicted proteome,which are distributed across the homologous chromosomes.Wild species contribute to the extensive allelic diversity in tetraploid cultivars,demonstrating ancestral introgressions predating modern breeding efforts.As a clonally propagated autotetraploid that undergoes limited meiosis,dysfunctional and deleterious alleles are not purged in tetraploid potato.Nearly a quarter of the loci bore mutations are predicted to have a high negative impact on protein function,complicating breeder’s efforts to reduce genetic load.The StCDF1 locus controls maturity,and analysis of six tetraploid genomes revealed that 12 allelic variants of StCDF1 are correlated with maturity in a dosage-dependent manner.Knowledge of the complexity of the tetraploid potato genome with its rampant structural variation and embedded deleterious and dysfunctional alleles will be key not only to implementing precision breeding of tetraploid cultivars but also to the construction of homozygous,diploid potato germplasm containing favorable alleles to capitalize on heterosis in F1 hybrids. | Genevieve Hoopes Xiaoxi Meng John P.Hamilton Sai Reddy Achakkagari Fernanda de Alves Freitas Guesdes Marie E.Bolger Joseph J.Coombs Danny Esselink Natalie R.Kaiser Linda Kodde Maria Kyriakidou Brian Lavrijssen Natascha van Lieshout Rachel Shereda Heather K.Tuttle Brieanne Vaillancourt Joshua C.Wood Jan Mde Boer Nolan Bornowski Peter Bourke David Douches Herman Jvan Eck Dave Ellis Max J.Feldman Kyle M.Gardner Johannes C.P.Hopman Jiming Jiang Walter S.De Jong Joseph C.Kuhl Richard G.Novy Stan Oome Vidyasagar Sathuvalli Ek Han Tan Remco A.Ursum M.Isabel Vales Kelly Vining Richard G.F.Visser Jack Vossen G.Craig Yencho Noelle L.Anglin Christian W.B.Bachem Jeffrey B.Endelman Laura M.Shannon Martina V.Stromvik Helen H.Tai Bjorn Usadel C.Robin Buell Richard Finkers | 2022 | Molecular Plant2022，15，3： | 4 |
| 4 | Diagnostic accuracy of tests for Helicobacter pylori in an Alaska Native population显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the accuracy of two non-invasivetests in a population of Alaska Native persons. Highrates of Helico bacter pylori(H. pylori) infection,H. pylori treatment failure,and gastric cancer in this population necessitate documentation of infection status atmultiple time points over a patient's life.METHODS:In 280 patients undergoing endoscopy,H. pylori was diagnosed by culture,histology,rapidurease test,13C urea breath test(UBT) ,and immuno-globulin G antibodies to H. pylori in serum. The performances of 13C-UBT and antibody test were compared to a gold standard defined by a positive H. pylori testby culture or,in case of a negative culture result,bypositive histology and a positive rapid urease test.RESULTS:The sensitivity and specificity of the 13C-UBT were 93% and 88%,respectively,relative to thegold standard. The antibody test had an equivalents ensitivity of 93% with a reduced specificity of 68%.The false positive results for the antibody test were as-sociated with previous treatment for an H. pylori infection [relative risk(RR) = 2.8]. High levels of antibodiesto H. pylori were associated with chronic gastritis and male gender,while high scores in the 13C-UBT testwere associated with older age and with the H. pyloribacteria load on histological examination(RR = 4.4) .CONCLUSION:The 13C-UBT out performed the anti-body test for H. pylori and could be used when a non-invasive test is clinically necessary to document treatment out come or when monitoring for reinfection. | Dana L Bruden Michael G Bruce Karen M Miernyk Julie Morris Debby Hurlburt Thomas W Hennessy Helen Peters Frank Sacco Alan J Parkinson Brian J McMahon | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，42： | 3 |
| 5 | Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effects of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning on Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery显示文摘 | Michael M.H. Cheung Rajesh K. Kharbanda Igor E. Konstantinov Mikiko Shimizu Helena Frndova Jia Li Helen M. Holtby Peter N. Cox Jeffrey F. Smallhorn Glen S. Van Arsdell Andrew N. Redington | 2006 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2006，，11： | 2 |
| 6 | The Expression and Distribution of the Hypoxia-Inducible Factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α in Normal Human Tissues, Cancers, and Tumor-Associated Macrophages显示文摘 | Katherine L. Talks Helen Turley Kevin C. Gatter Patrick H. Maxwell Christopher W. Pugh Peter J. Ratcliffe Adrian L. Harris | 2000 | The American Journal of Pathology2000，，2： | 2 |
| 7 | The Expression and Distribution of the Hypoxia-Inducible Factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α in Normal Human Tissues, Cancers, and Tumor-Associated Macrophages显示文摘 | Katherine L. Talks Helen Turley Kevin C. Gatter Patrick H. Maxwell Christopher W. Pugh Peter J. Ratcliffe Adrian L. Harris | 2000 | The American Journal of Pathology2000，，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Serum Drug Concentrations Predictive of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Outcomes显示文摘 | Jotam G. Pasipanodya Helen McIlleron André Burger Peter A. Wash Peter Smith Tawanda Gumbo | 2013 | Journal of Infectious Diseases2013，，9： | 1 |
| 9 | Using OLAP and multidimensional data for decision making显示文摘 | Helen Hasan Peter Hyland | 2001 | 1T Professional2001，3，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Beta cell apoptosis in diabetes显示文摘 | Helen E. Thomas Mark D. McKenzie Eveline Angstetra Peter D. Campbell Thomas W. Kay | 2009 | Apoptosis2009，，12： | 1 |
| 11 | An Integrative Frameworks of Strategic International Human Resource Management 显示文摘 | Schuler R S Peter J Dowling Helen DeCieril | 1992 | International Journal of Human Resource Management1992，，12： | 1 |
| 12 | Cytokines, insulin-like growth factor 1, sarcopenia, and mortality in very old community-dwelling men and women: the Framingham Heart Study显示文摘 | Ronenn Roubenoff Helen Parise Hélène A Payette Leslie W Abad Ralph D’Agostino Paul F Jacques Peter W.F Wilson Charles A Dinarello Tamara B Harris | 2003 | The American Journal of Medicine2003，，6： | 1 |
| 13 | Hedgehog signaling displays a biphasic expression pattern during intestinal injury and repair显示文摘 | Rui Liang Peter Morris Steven S.C. Cho Helen E. Abud Xianqing Jin Wei Cheng | 2012 | Journal of Pediatric Surgery2012，，12： | 1 |
| 14 | An examination of the factors that influence costs in medical patients with health anxiety显示文摘 | Barbara Barrett Peter Tyrer Helen Tyrer Sylvia Cooper Mike J. Crawford Sarah Byford | 2012 | Journal of Psychosomatic Research2012，，1： | 1 |
| 15 | The ice test versus the rest test in myasthenia gravis显示文摘 | Kenneth C Kubis Helen V Danesh-Meyer Peter J Savino Robert C Sergott | 2000 | Ophthalmology2000，，11： | 1 |
| 16 | Postconditioning during primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a review and meta-analysis显示文摘 | PETER R H HELENE T JAWDAT A | 2010 | Inter J Cardio2010，144，： | 1 |
| 17 | Using OLAP and multidimensional data for decision making显示文摘 | Helen Hasan Peter Hyland | 2001 | IT Professional2001，3，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Monoclonal antibodies targeting the VEGF receptor-2 (Flk1/KDR) as an anti-angiogenic therapeutic strategy显示文摘 | Larry Witte Daniel J. Hicklin Zhenping Zhu Bronislaw Pytowski Helen Kotanides Patricia Rockwell Peter B?hlen | 1998 | Cancer and Metastasis Reviews1998，，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Tranexamic acid for intracerebral haemorrhage within 2 hours of onset: protocol of a phase Ⅱ randomised placebo-controlled double-blind multicentre trial显示文摘Rationale Haematoma growth is common early after intracerebral haemorrhage(ICH),and is a key determinant of outcome.Tranexamic acid,a widely available antifibrinolytic agent with an excellent safety profile,may reduce haematoma growth.Methods and design Stopping intracerebral haemorrhage with tranexamic acid for hyperacute onset presentation including mobile stroke units(STOP-MSU)is a phase Ⅱ double-blind,randomised,placebo-controlled,multicentre,international investigator-led clinical trial,conducted within the estimand statistical framework.Hypothesis In patients with spontaneous ICH,treatment with tranexamic acid within 2 hours of onset will reduce haematoma expansion compared with placebo.Sample size estimates A sample size of 180 patients(90 in each arm)would be required to detect an absolute difference in the primary outcome of 20%(placebo 39%vs treatment 19%)under a two-tailed significance level of 0.05.An adaptive sample size re-estimation based on the outcomes of 144 patients will allow a possible increase to a prespecified maximum of 326 patients.Intervention Participants will receive 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid over 10 min,followed by 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid over 8 hours;or matching placebo.Primary efficacy measure The primary efficacy measure is the proportion of patients with haematoma growth by 24±6 hours,defined as either≥33%relative increase or≥6 mL absolute increase in haematoma volume between baseline and follow-up CT scan.Discussion We describe the rationale and protocol of STOP-MSU,a phase Ⅱ trial of tranexamic acid in patients with ICH within 2 hours from onset,based in participating mobile stroke units and emergency departments. | Nawaf Yassi Henry Zhao Leonid Churilov Bruce C V Campbell Teddy Wu Henry Ma Andrew Cheung Timothy Kleinig Helen Brown Philip Choi Jiann-Shing Jeng Annemarei Ranta Hao-Kuang Wang Geoffrey C Cloud Rohan Grimley Darshan Shah Neil Spratt Der-Yang Cho Karim Mahawish Lauren Sanders John Worthington Ben Clissold Atte Meretoja Vignan Yogendrakumar Mai Duy Ton Duc Phuc Dang Nguyen Thai My Phuong Huy-Thang Nguyen Chung Y Hsu Gagan Sharma Peter J Mitchell Bernard Yan Mark W Parsons Christopher Levi Geoffrey A Donnan Stephen M Davis | 2022 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2022，7，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Ovarian 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (11βHSD) Activity Is Suppressed in Women With Anovulatory Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Apparent Role for Ovarian Androgens显示文摘 | Anthony E. Michael Christine Glenn Peter J. Wood Rachel J. Webb Laura Pellatt Helen D. Mason | 2013 | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism2013，，8： | 1 |
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