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| 1 | Computed tomography and patient risk:Facts,perceptions and uncertainties显示文摘Since its introduction in the 1970s, computed tomography(CT) has revolutionized diagnostic decision-making. One of the major concerns associated with the widespread use of CT is the associated increased radiation exposure incurred by patients. The link between ionizing radiation and the subsequent development of neoplasia has been largely based on extrapolating data from studies of survivors of the atomic bombs dropped in Japan in 1945 and on assessments of the increased relative risk of neoplasia in those occupationally exposed to radiation within the nuclear industry. However, the association between exposure to low-dose radiation from diagnostic imaging examinations and oncogenesis remains unclear. With improved technology, significant advances have already been achieved with regards to radiation dose reduction. There are several dose optimization strategies available that may be readily employed including omitting unnecessary images at the ends of acquired series, minimizing the number of phases acquired, and the use of automated exposure control as opposed to fixed tube current techniques. In addition, new image reconstruction techniques that reduce radiation dose have been developed in recent years with promising results. These techniques use iterative reconstruction algorithms to attain diagnostic quality images with reduced image noise at lower radiation doses. | Stephen P Power Fiachra Moloney Maria Twomey Karl James Owen J O'Connor Michael M Maher | 2016 | World Journal of Radiology2016，8，12： | 7 |
| 2 | Risk for emerging bipolar disorder, variants, and symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, now grown up显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder(BD) and sub-threshold symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) through 14 years' follow-up, when participants were between 21-24 years old.METHODS: First, we examined rates of BD type Ⅰ?and Ⅱ diagnoses in youth participating in the NIMH-funded Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD(MTA). We used the diagnostic interview schedule for children(DISC), administered to both parents(DISC-P) and youth(DISCY). We compared the MTA study subjects with ADHD(n = 579) to a local normative comparison group(LNCG, n = 289) at 4 different assessment points: 6, 8, 12, and 14 years of follow-ups. To evaluate the bipolar variants, we compared total symptom counts(TSC) of DSM manic and hypomanic symptoms that were generated by DISC in ADHD and LNCG subjects. Then we sub-divided the TSC into pathognomonic manic(PM) and non-specific manic(NSM) symptoms. We compared the PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG at each assessment point and over time. We also evaluated the irritability as category A2 manic symptom in both groups and over time. Finally, we studied the irritability symptom in correlation with PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG subjects.RESULTS: DISC-generated BD diagnosis did not differ significantly in rates between ADHD(1.89%) and LNCG 1.38%). Interestingly, no participant met BD diagnosis more than once in the 4 assessment points in 14 years. However, on the symptom level, ADHD subjects reported significantly higher mean TSC scores: ADHD 3.0; LNCG 1.7; P < 0.001. ADHD status was associated with higher mean NSM: ADHD 2.0 vs LNCG 1.1; P < 0.0001. Also, ADHD subjects had higher PM symptoms than LNCG, with PM means over all time points of 1.3 ADHD; 0.9 LNCG; P = 0.0001. Examining both NSM and PM, ADHD status associated with greater NSM than PM. However, Over 14 years, the NSM symptoms declined and changed to PM over time(df 3, 2523; F = 20.1; P < 0.0001). Finally, Irritability(BD DSM criterion-A2) rates were significantly higher in ADHD than LNCG(χ2 = 122.2, P < 0.0001), but irritability was associated more strongly with NSM than PM(df 3, 2538; F = 43.2; P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Individuals with ADHD do not appear to be at significantly greater risk for developing BD, but do show higher rates of BD symptoms, especially NSM. The greater linkage of irritability to NSM than to PM suggests caution when making BD diagnoses based on irritability alone as one of 2(A-level) symptoms for BD diagnosis, particularly in view of its frequent presentation with other psychopathologies. | Ahmed Z Elmaadawi Peter S Jensen L Eugene Arnold Brooke SG Molina Lily Hechtman Howard B Abikoff Stephen P Hinshaw Jeffrey H Newcorn Laurence Lee Greenhill James M Swanson Cathryn A Galanter | 2015 | World Journal of Psychiatry2015，5，4： | 3 |
| 3 | Effect of fiber supplementation on the microbiota in critically ill patients显示文摘AIM:To determine tolerance to fiber supplementation of semi-elemental tube feeds in critically ill patients and measure its effect on colonic microbiota and fermentation.METHODS:Thirteen intensive care unit patients receiving jejunal feeding with a semi-elemental diet for predominantly necrotizing pancreatitis were studied.The study was divided into 2 parts:first,short-term (3-9 d)clinical tolerance and colonic fermentation as assessed by fecal short chain fatty acid(SCFA)concentrations and breath hydrogen and methane was measured in response to progressive fiber supplementation increasing from 4 g tid up to normal requirement levels of 8 g tid;second,4 patients with diarrhea were studied for 2-5 wk with maximal supplementation to additionally assess its influence on fecal microbiota quantitated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)of microbial 16S rRNA genes and Human Intestinal Tract Chip(HITChip)microarray analysis.Nearly all patients were receiving antibiotics(10/13)and acid suppressants(11/13)at some stage during the studies.RESULTS:In group 1,tolerance to progressive fiber supplementation was good with breath hydrogen and methane evidence(P=0.008 and P<0.0001,respectively)of increased fermentation with no exacerbation of abdominal symptoms and resolution of diarrhea in 2 of 4 patients.In group 2 before supplementation,fecal microbiota mass and their metabolites,SCFA,were dramatically lower in patients compared to healthy volunteers.From qPCR and HITChip analyses we calculated that there was a 97%reduction in the predominant potential butyrate producers and starch degraders.Following 2-5 wk of fiber supplementation there was a significant increase in fecal SCFA(acetate 28.4±4.1μmol/g to 42.5±3.1μmol/g dry weight,P=0.01;propionate 1.6±0.5 vs 6.22±1.1,P=0.006 and butyrate 2.5±0.6 vs 5.9±1.1,P=0.04)and microbial counts of specific butyrate producers,with resolution of diarrhea in 3 of 4 patients.CONCLUSION:Conventional management of critically ill patients,which includes the use of elemental diets and broad-spectrum antibiotics,was associated with gross suppression of the colonic microbiota and their production of essential colonic fuels,i.e.,SCFA.Our investigations show that fiber supplementation of the feeds has the potential to improve microbiota mass and function,thereby reducing the risks of diarrhea due to dysbiosis. | Stephen JD O'Keefe Junhai Ou James P DeLany Scott Curry Erwin Zoetendal H Rex Gaskins Scott Gunn | 2011 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2011，2，6： | 3 |
| 4 | 光动力疗法治疗非小细胞肺癌显示文摘光动力疗法被越来越多地应用于治疗胸部恶性肿瘤。对于早期非小细胞肺癌(如支气管腔内肺癌)、X线检查阴性或同时性原发癌,光动疗法可作为主要治疗手段进行腔内根治性治疗。作为单一根治疗法,光动力疗法是治疗支气管镜可见≤1 cm且无软骨外浸润的肺部肿瘤的最有效方法。对于晚期非小细胞癌患者,光动力治疗可以作为综合根治疗法的一部分,用于减轻阻塞性支气管内病变,增加可手术性或缩小所需手术范围。本文对现有发表的应用光动力疗法治疗至少10例以上非小细胞肺癌病例的研究文献进行综述,提出了光动力疗法应用的治疗建议并进行了总结。 | Charles B Simone II Joseph S Friedberg Eli Glatstein James P Stevenson Daniel H Sterman Stephen M Hahn Keith A Cengel 袁光金 李金銮 朱宇熹 凌扬 | 2013 | 国际病理科学与临床杂志2013，33，3： | 3 |
| 5 | Advances in Signal Processing Technology for Electronic Warrane显示文摘 | Stephens James P | 1996 | IEEE AES Systems Magazine1996，，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Effect of soil layering on NAPL removal behavior in soil-heated vapor extraction显示文摘 | Stephen W W James M P | 1997 | Journal of Contaminant Hydrology1997，27，34： | 1 |
| 7 | Digital microware receiver technology' 显示文摘 | James B Y Tsui jrames P Stephens St | 2002 | IEEE Transaction on Microwave theory and techniques2002，，50： | 1 |
| 8 | Current uses of radiofre- quence in arthroscopic knee surgery显示文摘 | James P Tase MD Stephen A | 1999 | Am J Knee Surg1999，12，： | 1 |
| 9 | Advances in Signal Processing Technology for Electronic Warrane显示文摘 | Stephens James P | 1996 | IEEE AES Systems Magazine1996，，12： | 1 |
| 10 | Targeting the Cancer Initiating Cell: The Ultimate Target for Cancer Therapy显示文摘 | James A. McCubrey Linda S. Steelman Stephen L. Abrams Negin Misaghian William H. Chappell Jorg Basecke Ferdinando Nicoletti Massimo Libra Giovanni Ligresti Francac Stivala Danijela Maksimovic-Ivanic Sanja Mijatovic Giuseppeo Montalto Melchiorre Cervello P | 2012 | Current Pharmaceutical Design2012，，13： | 1 |
| 11 | Current uses of radiofrequency in arthroscopic knee surgery 显示文摘 | JAMES P TASTO M D STEPHEN A | 1999 | Am J knee smgery1999，12，： | 1 |
| 12 | Environmental condition which mucoid conversion in pseudomonas aerugionosa PA01 显示文摘 | James M T Sophia E P Stephen J M | 1991 | Infect Immun1991，59，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Cohort Study of Pioglitazone and Cancer Incidence in Patients With Diabetes显示文摘 | Ferrara Assiamira Lewis James D Quesenberry Charles P Peng Tiffany Strom Brian L Van Den Eeden Stephen K Ehrlich Samantha F Habel Laurel A | 2011 | Diabetes Care2011，，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Duodenogastric reflux and cancer显示文摘 | Jamed P B Stephen E A Attwood | 1999 | Hepato-Gastroenterol1999，4，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Book rate-of-return and prediction of earnings changes: an empirical investigation显示文摘 | ROBERT N F JAMES A O STEPHEN H P | 1982 | Journal of Accounting Research1982，20，： | 1 |
| 16 | Current uses of radiofrequence in arthroscopic knee surgery显示文摘 | James P Tasto MD Stephen A | 1999 | Am J Knee Surg1999，12，： | 1 |
| 17 | Duodenogastvic reflux and cencer显示文摘 | Jamed P B Stephen E A Att wood | 1999 | Hepato Gastroenterol1999，4，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Advances in Signal Processing Technology for Electronic Warfare显示文摘 | James P Stephens | 1996 | IEEE AES Systems Magazine1996，11，11： | 1 |
| 19 | A Prospective Study Evaluating Incision Placement and Wound Healing for Tibial Plafond Fractures显示文摘 | James L Howard Julie Agel David P Barei Stephen K Benirschke Sean E Nork | 2008 | Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma2008，，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Auditor Changes: An Examination 显示文摘 | Bedingfield James P Loeb Stephen E | 1974 | Journal of Accountancy1974，137，3： | 1 |
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