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| 1 | Research on preservation and enrichment mechanisms of organic matter in muddy sediment and mudstone显示文摘Using multidiscipline methodologies, the differences in preservation and enrichment mechanisms of organic matter (OM) in muddy sediment and mudstone are investigated. In clay fractions, concentra- tions of TOC and chloroform bitumen “A” are significantly higher than those in coarser fractions. This indicates that clay minerals (CM) play an important role in enriching OM. The content of chloroform bitumen “A” increases obviously in the clay fraction, which reveals that dissolvable OM is the main composition of coalesce with clay minerals. Furthermore, TG and DTA data show that OM enrichment mechanisms and preservation forms have multiplicity. Several exothermic peaks in the DTA curves demonstrate that muddy sediment and mudstone contain a number of bioclasts and amorphous OM besides dissolvable OM. Through analyzing with XRD and DTA after mudstone samples were pretreated, the conclusions can be arrived at. Firstly, CM interlayer space of XRD curves and exothermic peaks of DTA curves both change as temperature increases. Secondly, the changes of CM interlayer space and exothermic peaks are concordant and stable around 350℃. All these are the features that OM enters CM interlayers to form stable organo-clay complexes. Therefore, the combination format of OM with CM is not only surface adsorption, partial OM enters CM interlayers to form stable organo-clay complexes. Finally, through the research on OM preservation forms and enrichment mechanisms in muddy sedi- ment and mudstone, the hydrocarbon-generation processes and the global carbon cycle and budget can be explained. | CAI JinGong BAO YuJin YANG ShouYe WANG XingXin FAN DaiDu XU JinLi WANG AiPing | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，5： | 25 |
| 2 | Formation and influencing factors of carbonate source rock of the Lower Permian Chihsia Formation in Chaohu region, Anhui Province显示文摘Highly-mature carbonate source rock is essential to the exploration of oil and gas in southern China. In this study, the carbonate strata in the relatively well-developed Lower Permian Chihsia Formation (located in Chaohu, Lower Yangtze) were targeted, and the formation and influencing factors of source rock were discussed based on paleoenvironment reconstruction using comprehensive sedimentology, palynofacies, and organic geochemistry data. The results demonstrate that the Chihsia Formation is oxygen-deficient biogenic carbonate sediments, with marked variations in the organic and inorganic components, formed during a period of Permian transgression. The formation of source rock is the combined result of high bioproductivity and oxygen-deficient environment generated by transgression and oxygenation events which frequently occurred during transgression periods. Source rock was affected by self-dilution effects and diagenesis, causing its heterogeneous distribution in many intervals. Source rock is over 40 m thick, and can be identified based on its different organic, biological, and mineral composition characteristics. The carbonate rock appears to require no specific clay content in order to become a source rock. The combination of sedimentology, palynofacies, and organic geochemistry has provided an effective means for evaluating and predicting high-maturity carbonate source rock in the region. | LIU Feng CAI JinGong LU BingQuan XU JinLi | 2011 | Science China Earth Sciences2011，54，12： | 7 |
| 3 | The significance and variation characteristics of interlay water in smectite of hydrocarbon source rocks显示文摘To investigate variation characteristics of interlayer water bound up with organic matter in smectite, organo-clay complexes extracted from grinded source rock samples were determined using thermo-XRD, DTA and PY-GC. The d001 diffraction peak of organo-clay complexes is postponed from 250 to 550°C before reaching 1.00 nm and accompanied by exothermal peaks on DTA and organic matter with abundant C20-C30 carbon detected by PY-GC, which is different from single smectite and indicates the existence of organic matter in the interlayer of smectite. Water desorption characteristics of organo-clay complexes are in consistent with smectite at 100 and 600°C, but different from smectite at 550°C with an additional dehydration peak and a remaining d001 diffraction peak, suggesting the water removed at 550°C is interlayer adsorption water rather than constituent water of clay minerals. Comparing the dehydration order and water loss, we conclude that part of interlayer water of smectite may act as the 'bridge' that binds organic matter and smectite, which results in water-expelled lag beyond 250°C and may provide a good medium for hydrocarbon migration and oil pool formation. | CAI JinGong LU LongFei BAO YuJin FAN Fu XU JinLi | 2012 | Science China Earth Sciences2012，55，3： | 6 |
| 4 | The relationship between organic matter and specific surface area in <2 μm clay size fraction of muddy source rock显示文摘The adsorption of organic matter(OM)onto clay minerals has long been considered as a significant way of OM preservation in source rock.Here we analyzed the relationship between OM and the specific surface area(SSA)of <2μm clay size fraction isolated from 13 source rock cores collected from Dongying depression.Rock-Eval pyrolysis and N2 adsorption experiment were employed to probe the characteristics of OM and SSA(denoted SBET)in samples before and after OM extraction using trichloromethane.The results indicate that various kinds of OM occurrence coexist in clay size fraction and their contributions to hydrocarbon are different in each period of OM evolution.The occurrence and amount of OM affect the S BET of clay size fraction,and a nonlinear negative correlation between total organic carbon(TOC)and S BET can be recognized.The soluble OM(chloroform extract 'A'),mainly stored in the pore space of clay size fraction,shows a negative correlation in amount with S BET.Our data also indicate that free hydrocarbon(S1)was stored mainly in the pore space and/or the surface of clay size fraction,whereas pyrolysis hydrocarbon(S2)was mingled mainly with clay minerals.Therefore,to understand various OM occurrences and their relationship with SBET in the clay size fraction is significant in the study of generation,accumulation,and migration of hydrocarbon in muddy source rock. | DING Fei CAI JinGong SONG MingShui YUAN Peng | 2013 | Science China Earth Sciences2013，56，8： | 6 |
| 5 | Diversified roles of mineral transformation in controlling hydrocarbon generation process,mechanism,and pattern显示文摘Organic matter(OM)is intimately associated with minerals in clay-rich mudstones,leading to widespread organic-mineral interaction during hydrocarbon generation in argillaceous source rocks.What we are concerned is the effects of the different mineral properties on hydrocarbon generation process and mechanism during mineral transformation.In this way,pyrolysis experiments with smectite-octadecanoic acid complexes(Sm-OA and Ex-Sm-OA)were conducted to analyze correlation of mineralogy and pyrolysis behaviors.Based on organicmineral interaction,hydrocarbon generation process was divided into three phases.At 200–300℃,collapse of smectite led to desorption of OM,resulting in high yield of resin and slight increase in saturates.Subsequently,enhanced smectite illitization at 350–450℃was accompanied with large amounts of saturates and a mere gaseous hydrocarbon.Featured by neoformed plagioclase,ankerite,and illite,500C saw plenty of asphaltene and methane-rich gaseous hydrocarbons,revealing cracking reactions of OM.Noteworthy is that saturated and gaseous hydrocarbons in Ex-Sm-OA were considerably more than that in Sm-OA during second and third phases.Quantitative calculation of hydrogen revealed organic hydrogen provided by cross-linking of OM could not balance hydrogen consumed by cracking reactions,but supply of inorganic hydrogen ensured cracking could readily occur and consequently greatly promoted hydrocarbon generation.Further investigating characteristics of mineralogy and pyrolytic products,as well as effects of solid acidity on hydrocarbon generation,we concluded desorption of OM and decarboxylation promoted by Lewis acid were dominated at 200–300C,resulting in lowdegree hydrocarbon generation.While high yield of saturated and gaseous hydrocarbons in second and third phases,together with occurrence of ankerite,indicated predominance of decarboxylation and hydrogenation promoted by Lewis and Brønsted acid,respectively.Variations in organic-mineral interactions indicated(1)the controls of mineral transformation on hydrocarbon generation process and mechanism include desorption,decarboxylation,and hydrogenation reactions;(2)clay minerals acted as reactants evolving together with OM rather than catalysts.These findings are profoundly significant for understanding the hydrocarbon generation mechanisms,organic-inorganic interactions,and carbon cycle. | Jiazong Du Jingong Cai Tianzhu Lei Yingli Li | 2021 | Geoscience Frontiers2021，12，2： | 2 |
| 6 | Overpressured fractures and fractured shale reservoirs in the Candong-Nanpi and Doying depres- sions显示文摘 | Zhang Jingong Li Peilong Dong dong | 1995 | Scientia Geologia Sinca1995，4，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Geochemical compositions of core sediments in eastern China: Implication for Late Cenozoic palaeoenvironmental changes 显示文摘 | Yang Shouye Li Congxian Cai Jingong | 2006 | Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatolo- gy Palaeoecology2006，229，： | 1 |
| 8 | Geochemical compositions of core sediments in eastern China: Implication for Late Cenozoic palaeoenvironmental changes显示文摘 | Shouye Yang Congxian Li Jingong Cai | 2005 | Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology2005，，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Geochemical compositions of core sediments in eastern China: Implication for Late Cenozoic palaeoenvironmental changes显示文摘 | Shouye Yang Congxian Li Jingong Cai | 2005 | Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology2005，，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Fluorescence characteristics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in shallow water along the Zhejiang coasts, southeast China显示文摘 | Lei Gao Daidu Fan Daoji Li Jingong Cai | 2009 | Marine Environmental Research2009，，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Geochemical compositions of core sediments in eastern China: implication for late Cenozoic palaeoenvironmental changes 显示文摘 | Yang Shouye Li Congxian Cai Jingong | 2006 | Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology2006，229，： | 1 |
| 12 | Research on preservation and enrichment mechanisms of organic matter in muddy sediment and mudstone显示文摘 | CM Jingong BAO Yujin YANG Shouye | 2007 | Science in China series D: Earth Science2007，50，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Geochemical compositions of core sediments in eastern China:Implication for Late Cenozoic palaeoenvironmental changes显示文摘 | Shouye Yang Congxian Li Jingong Cai | 2006 | Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology2006，，： | 1 |
| 14 | Desorption of benzoic and stearic adsorbed upon montmorillonites: a thermogravimetric study 显示文摘 | Lu Longfei Cai Jingong Frost R L | 2010 | Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry2010，99，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Desorption of benzoic and stearic adsorbed upon montmorillonites:a thermogravimetric study显示文摘 | Lu Longfei Cai Jingong Frost R L | 2010 | Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry2010，99，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Study on a Separation and Characteristics of Hydrocarbon in a Different Occurrence Pattern within Shale显示文摘As shale oil and gas are the substituted energy sources of conventional petroleum,it arouses extensive attention by many governments and oil companies in recent years.Shale oil and gas vary in many occurrence forms,e.g.,free pattern,adsorption pattern and dissociation pattern.Shale is composed of different minerals,e.g.,detrital minerals(quartz,feldspar,etc.),clay minerals(smectite,illite,etc.), | CAI Jingong GUO Min ZHAO Yue | 2015 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2015，89，A01： | 0 |
| 17 | Influence and Significance of Mineral Surface on Organic Matter Occurrence in Shale显示文摘Mineral surface is the principal place for organicinorganic interaction in natural environment(Mayer,1994;Schmidt et al.,2011),which is generally measured as specific surface area(SSA).As organic matter(OM)is the source of hydrocarbon generation in shales,it is of great significance to pay attention to the role of mineral surface for OM occurrence.According to mineral attributes, | ZHU Xiaojun CAI Jingong | 2015 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2015，89，A01： | 0 |
| 18 | A Reconstruction and Discussion of the Effect of Diagenetic Environment on Hydrocarbon Generation Based on Diagenetic Mineral Assemblage in Mudstone显示文摘Inorganic minerals in mudstone are composed of clay minerals,carbonate and detrital minerals.Detrital minerals(such as quartz and feldspar)are mainly original deposit.However,clay minerals(kaolinite,illite,and chlorite)and carbonate(calcite and dolomite)are mostly diagenetic minerals.Furthermore,conversion of the four kinds of clay minerals are common.The formation of clay minerals and carbonate is controlled by temperature,pressure,p H,Eh and type of cations during diagenesis.Therefore mineral assemblage can indicate the characteristics and change of diagenetic environment.In addition to inorganic minerals,there are also organic matter of different sources and chemical properties in mudstone.Traditionally,it is considered that evolution of organic matter is controlled by thermal effect.Now studies show that inorganic and organic matter can interact with each other and form clay-organic complexes.This suggest that attention should be paid to the influence of diagenetic mineral assemblage and diagenetic environment on the evolution of organic matter* Samples of mudstone from 1500-4500m of the Palaeogene in the Dongying Depression,China,were collected to investigate the changes of mudstone diagenetic environment.XRD,thin section and SEM were used to detect diagenetic minerals and assemblage characteristics.Results showed that content of detrital minerals,which are floating in mud matrix or preserved as silt laminae,is basically unchanged from shallow to deep strata.Clay minerals which are gathered as argillaceous matrix or preserved as argillaceous laminae have growth and decline relation to carbonate which mainly appear as micropoikilitic ferriferous calcite and ferriferous dolomite.All these characteristics indicate that detrital minerals are exogenetic,whereas carbonate is diagenetic minerals.Based on the SEM analysis of the clay minerals,it was found that smectite present honeycomb and reticulate structure,while illite present filiform and schistose structure and there are growth and decline relationship between them.Nevertheless,hexagonal tabular and stratified kaolinite has the highest content from 2400m to3300m.Rosette and stratified chlorite shows increase trend when the burial depth is deeper than 3300m.These characteristics indicated that clay minerals are diagenetic minerals and there are conversions among the four types.Therefore form shallow to deep,three diagenetic mineral assemblage zones can be divided based on the characteristics of carbonate and clay minerals in mudstone.Namely,smectite+illite/smectite zone in the depth of 2000-2500m;kaolinite+illite/smectite zone in the depth of 2500-3300m and illite+chlorite+carbonate zone below 3300m.Previous studies showed that kaolinite is stable under acidic conditions,while other clay minerals and carbonate are stable under alkaline conditions.Hence according to mineral assemblages feature,it was inferred that diagenetic environment of mudstonehasundergonethechangeof alkaline-acid-alkaline.For the organic matter with different chemical properties in mudstone,the hydrocarbon generation will be different in the acidic and alkaline diagenetic environment even if the conditions of temperature and pressure are the same.Therefore,for hydrocarbon generation we should not only focus on thermal effect,but also pay more attention to the differences of diagenetic environment which have great significance for the understanding of hydrocarbon generation,hydrocarbon expulsion and reservoir formation in mudstone. | DU Jiazong CAI Jingong ZENG Xiang BAO Yujin LIU Fei | 2017 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2017，91，S1： | 0 |
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