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| 1 | Functional diversity of Cercidiphyllum japonicum, communities in the Shennongjia Reserve, central China显示文摘Functional diversity is significant to ecological processes of plant communities. We analyzed the variation of functional diversity of endangered species, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, communities along an elevational gradient in the Shennongjia Reserve, central China. Sixty plots of 10 9 20 m from 1,350 to 2,050 m were set up and species composition, traits and environmental variables were measured and recorded. These data were analyzed using five functional diversity indices, functional attribute diversity, modified functional attribute diversity, plot based functional diversity, community based functional diversity and Rao's functional diversity indices(Rao's index),Functional diversities of C. japonicum communities were rich and varied greatly. Functional diversity declined nonlinearly with increasing elevation. Functional diversity was significantly correlated with species richness and heterogeneity. Elevation was a key environmental variable influencing functional diversity and species diversity. The five functional diversity indices were all effective for measuring functional diversity of communities. Functional diversity can be used as an indicator of conservation efficiency of endangered species such as C. japonicum. | Jintun Zhang Bin Zhang Zhiying Qian | 2015 | Journal of Forestry Research2015，26，1： | 7 |
| 2 | Integrative ecological sensitivity(IES)applied to assessment of eco-tourism impact on forest vegetation landscape:A case from the Baihua Mountain Reserve of Beijing,China显示文摘 | Zhang Jintun Xiang Chunling Li Ming | 2012 | Ecological Indicators2012，18，： | 1 |
| 3 | A study on relations of vegetation, cli- mate and soils in Shanxi Province, China显示文摘 | Zhang Jintun | 2002 | Plant Ecology2002，162，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Grassland degradation and our strategies: A case from Shanxi province China显示文摘 | Zhang Jintun | 2006 | Rangelands2006，28，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Point pattern analysis of different age-classes of Larix principis-rupprechtii in Luya Mountain Reserve,Shanxi Province,China显示文摘Larix principis-rupprechtii forest is an important vegetation formation and has a large distribution area in Luya Mountain Reserve,China.Spatial pattern analysis on individual trees in different age-classes of Larix principis-rupprechtii was made in this paper.Here,we employed the technique of point pattern analysis,which could analyze pat-terns under all scales along a gradient.It was based on spatial mapped points of individual distribution.The results of this study showed that the densities of the five age-classes varied in the order:age-class 3>age-class 4>age-class 5>age-class 2>age-class 1.Although age-classes 1 and 2 have much fewer individuals than other three age-classes do,the popula-tion was stable at present.However,it would be necessary to take some measures for improving population regeneration for a long-time view.The individuals of all age-classes focused on clumping distribution in space;however,their distribution pattern varied with the change of scale.This mainly depended on biological features of Larix principis-rupprechtii and forest environments,but it also meant that the scale was an important factor in controlling spatial distribution pattern of tree individuals.The feature of clumping distribution became more significant with the increase of age.The relationships between individuals in different age-classes were almost all significantly correlated with each other.These associations became more significant within the older age-classes.This suggested that the individuals of different age-classes were interdistributed,by which the population could get benefits in resource utilization.The technique of point pattern analysis is effective and easy to be used in species pattern study.Its results are more closer to the reality,especially for community structure. | ZHANG Jintun MENG Dongping | 2007 | Frontiers in Biology2007，2，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Emergyevaluation of eco-industrial park with power plant显示文摘 | WANG Lingmei ZHANG Jintun NIA Weidou | 2005 | Ecologi-cal Modelling2005，189，12： | 1 |
| 7 | A study on relations of vegetation, climate and soils in Shanxi province, China显示文摘 | | 2002 | Plant Ecology2002，162，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Relationships between vegetation and climate on the loess plateau in China显示文摘 | Zhang Jintun Ru Wenming Li Bin | 2006 | Folia Gcobotanica2006，41，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Effects of tourism and topography on vegetation diversity in the subalpine meadows of the Dongling Mountains of Beijing, China显示文摘 | ZHANG Jintun XIANG Chunling Li Min | 2012 | Environmental Management2012，49，： | 1 |
| 10 | A Technique to Analyse Succession Data from Permanent Plots显示文摘Data from vegetation succession study is usually a matrix of plot × species × time.It is difficult to analyse this kind of data at present.A simple technique,clustercentering ordination is described in this paper,which can be used to analyse such a matrix directly.The data of 5 permanent plots in 7 years of inlands and grasslands in Kootwijki,the Netherlands,is analysed using this method as an application example.The results obviously illustrate the trend,direction and speedof community succession and can be easily interbrated.This suggests that clustercentering ordination is an effective and time-saving technique in study of vegetation succession. | Zhang Jintun(Department of Biologicaal Science,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006) | 1996 | 生物数学学报1996，11，4： | 0 |
| 11 | Quantitative analysis of endangered Acanthopanax senticosus communities in Dongling Mountain of Beijing显示文摘Based on the survey of community plots,a quantitative analysis of endangered Acanthopanax senticosus communities in Dongling Mountain was performed with two way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN),detrended correspondence analysis(DCA)and canonical correspondence analysis(CCA).The communities of A.senticosus were classified into 9 types by TWINSPAN and the results were validated by DCA.On the DCA graph,the first axis reflected the gradient of altitude and the second axis reflected the aspect and slope.Most of A.senticosus were distributed in the thick forests at a high altitude with little light.With the exception of being a dominant species of shrub layers in a few communities,A.senticosus has a relatively scarce distribution.In accordance with DCA,the results of CCA also show the trend that the distribution of A.senticosus communities varied along with the gradient change of environmental factors.Altitude and light are the main factors affecting A.senticosus growth. | Yun XU Jintun ZHANG | 2008 | Frontiers in Biology2008，3，4： | 0 |
| 12 | Application of self-organizing neural networks to classification of plant communities in Pangquangou Nature Reserve, North China显示文摘Vegetation classification is an important topic in plant ecology and many quantitative techniques for classification have been developed in the field.The artificial neural network is a comparatively new tool for data analysis.The self-organizing feature map(SOFM)is powerful tool for clustering analysis.SOFM has been applied to many research fields and it was applied to the classification of plant communities in the Pangquangou Nature Reserve in the present work.Pangquangou Nature Reserve,located at 37°20′–38°20′ N,110°18′–111°18′ E,is a part of the Luliang Mountain range.Eighty-nine samples(quadrats)of 10 m×10 m for forest,4 m×4 m for shrubland and 1 m×1 m for grassland along an elevation gradient,were set up and species data was recorded in each sample.After discussion of the mathematical algorism,clustering technique and the procedure of SOFM,the classification was carried out by using NNTool box in MATLAB(6.5).As a result,the 89 samples were clustered into 13 groups representing 13 types of plant communities.The characteristics of each community were described.The result of SOFM classification was identical to the result of fuzzy c-mean clustering and consistent with the distribution patterns of vegetation in the study area and shows significant ecological meanings.This suggests that SOFM may clearly describe the ecological relationships between plant communities and it is a very effective quantitative technique in plant ecology research. | Jintun ZHANG Hongxiao YANG | 2008 | Frontiers in Biology2008，3，4： | 0 |
| 13 | Development of plant communities after restoration of the Antaibao mining site, China显示文摘To investigate the dynamic changes in the artificial vegetation in an abandoned mining site,we analyzed the re lationships among community types,environmental variables and community structure in the process of vegetation restoration in the Antaibao mining site,China by survey of the communities and use of biological dating methods.By means of the quantitative classification method(two-way indicator-species analysis,TWINSPAN)and the ordination technique(de-trended correspondence analysis,DCA;and de-trended canonical correspondence analysis,DCCA),the plant communities were classified into seven groups:community I,Robinia pseudoacacia+Pimus tabulaeformis-Caragana kor-shinskii-Agropyron cristatum;community II,Robinia pseudoacacia-Hippophae rhamnoides-Artemisia capil-laries;community II,Ulmus pumila-Elaeagmus angu-stifolia-Artemisia capillaries;community IV,Caragana korshinskii-Agropyron cristatum+Artemisia capillaries;community V,Hippophae rhamnoides-Elymus dahur-icus;community VI,Elaeagnus angustifolia+Hippophae rhamnoides-Brassica jucea;community VII,Hippophae rhammoides+Elaeagnus angustifolia-Salsola collina.We conclude that the community types and diversity are mainly influenced by the succession time and the soil organic matter content.The forest community is more adaptable to the special inhabitation than the shrub community. | Xiaoyu GUO Guilian ZHANG Huili GONG Kaiyun WANG Jintun ZHANG | 2009 | Frontiers in Biology2009，4，2： | 0 |
| 14 | Examining residual spatial correlation in variation partitioning of beta diversity in a subtropical forest显示文摘Aims The relative roles of ecological processes in structuring beta diver-sity are usually quantified by variation partitioning of beta diversity with respect to environmental and spatial variables or gamma di-versity.However,if important environmental or spatial factors are omitted,or a scale mismatch occurs in the analysis,unaccounted spatial correlation will appear in the residual errors and lead to re-sidual spatial correlation and problematic inferences.Methods Multi-scale ordination(MSO)partitions the canonical ordination results by distance into a set of empirical variograms which charac-terize the spatial structures of explanatory,conditional and residual variance against distance.Then these variance components can be used to diagnose residual spatial correlation by checking assump-tions related to geostatistics or regression analysis.In this paper,we first illustrate the performance of MSO using a simulated data set with known properties,thus making statistical issues explicit.We then test for significant residual spatial correlation in beta diversity analyses of the Gutianshan(GTS)24-ha subtropical forest plot in eastern China.Important Findings Even though we used up to 24 topographic and edaphic variables mapped at high resolution and spatial variables representing spa-tial structures at all scales,we still found significant residual spatial correlation at the 10 m×10 m quadrat scale.This invalidated the analysis and inferences at this scale.We also show that MSO pro-vides a complementary tool to test for significant residual spatial correlation in beta diversity analyses.Our results provided a strong argument supporting the need to test for significant residual spatial correlation before interpreting the results of beta diversity analyses. | Ke Cao Xiangcheng Mi Liwen Zhang Haibao Ren Mingjian Yu Jianhua Chen Jintun Zhang Keping Ma | 2019 | Journal of Plant Ecology2019，12，4： | 0 |
| 15 | Spatial hints of forest ecotone indicating forest succession, a case of larch forests in Baihuashan Reserve, north China显示文摘In cold or alpine areas of northern China,birch forests and larch forests are the two primary forest types.These forests are also characteristic of a south branch of boreal forests in Asia.Some ecologists argue that larch forests can replace birch forests,but this still remains a question due to fragmentary or short observations.The ecotone between a larch forest patch and a birch forest patch is the arena in which the two species interplay and compete with each other,and studies of these areas are meaningful to understanding forest succession.In the alpine area of the Baihuashan Reserve,northern China,we sampled a larch-birch forest ecotone with eight plots in four transects and then analyzed population structures of larches and birches.The results show that the edges of the larch forest patch are composed of many larch saplings or young trees,but the edges of the birch forest patch are mainly composed of old birches.Across the ecotone,the larches,on average,are taller than the birches.These facts suggest that larch saplings can permeate into birch forest patches,probably by seed dispersal,germination,success-ful competition and growth,but birch saplings cannot permeate into larch forest patches.Therefore,on the ecotone,larch forest patches can steadily expand by unceasing permeation into birch forest patches,whereas birch forest patches progressively recede due to ultimate death of the old and poor recruitment of the young.Larch forest patches replace birch forest patches in a stepwise manner,causing succession from birch forests to larch forests.This study not only confirms that larch forests can naturally replace birch forests,but also introduces a simple and reliable method,employing spatial hints,to study forest succession.Additionally,the findings are of benefit to cultivation or development of larch forests in cold or alpine areas of the North Temperate Zone,which can be a huge carbon sink. | Hongxiao YANG Jintun ZHANG Bin XU | 2009 | Frontiers in Biology2009，4，4： | 0 |
| 16 | Quartered neighbor method: A new distance method for density estimation显示文摘Quantitative data are essential to an appro-priate characterization of vegetation.In the past few years,considerable attention has been paid to vegetation sampling techniques.A number of methods have been developed for plant density estimations that utilize spacing distances instead of fixed-area quadrats.In this paper,we review the main distance methods for estimating density and propose a new distance method denominated the quartered neighbor method.In this method,the sampling point is considered the center,and the area around it is divided into four quadrants.The distance from the closest individual in each quadrant to its closest neighbor in the same quadrant is measured,and the average of them is the distance we need.It is actually an integration of two old distance methods,the nearest neighbor method,and the point-centered quarter method.With our new method and an old distance method(the point-centered quarter method),we calculated the average spacing distances of the Larix principis-rupprechtii population in the larch forests of the Donglingshan Mountain.Comparing the two methods with the quadrat method,we found they were almost the same in accuracy,but the precision of the new one was better.Meanwhile,it is adequate in sampling intensity and adaptable for general use in rapid ecological survey work. | Xunzhi ZHU Jintun ZHANG | 2009 | Frontiers in Biology2009，4，4： | 0 |
| 17 | Two-dimensional pattern analysis on dominant species and community in subalpine meadow of Luya Mountain,Shanxi Province,China显示文摘The spatial pattern analysis of population and community is important to understand community structure and has become one key topic in modern plant ecology.There are many techniques for analyzing one-dimensional pattern in ecological literature.Two-dimensional pattern analysis is better than one-dimensional analysis in the study on commu-nity spatial characteristics and structure.However,it is hard to analyze these two-dimensional patterns due to poor effective methodology.The two-dimensional sampling using two transects that meet at right angles was applied to get quadrat data in this work.And then the data from the two transects were analyzed separately by one-dimensional pattern analysis method,two-term local quadrat variance.The length,width,and area of patches at different scales of pattern for populations were obtained from the analysis.For community pattern,detrended correspondence analysis(DCA)was employed to summarize the species information firstly,and then the first DCA axis scores were analyzed to check its pattern.The application of this method to the pattern analysis on dominant populations and community for subalpine meadow(Comm.Polygonum viviparum+Carex rigescens+Kobresia bellardii)in the Luya mountains showed that it could release the characteristics of spatial pattern clearly and was a very effective technique.The method is easy to use and saves time with obvious advantages,compared with the two-dimensional pattern analysis methods presented in the litera-tures.In the study meadow,the patterns of the main dominant species,Polygonum viviparum,Carex rigescens,and Kobresia bellardii,were apparent and comparatively regular in shape with large areas of patches at the same scale compared with other species such as Festuca sp.and Thalictrum petaloideum.There were two or three scales of patterns for each plant population studied.This was related to population features,the interaction with environmental factors,and their dominant position in the community.The two scales of patterns for the meadow community were clear.The pattern of community was closely correlated with that of the main dominant species.The patches of dominant species were inter-distributed and overlapped,and formed the community pattern together.This is beneficial for utilization of resources,and keeping the community stable. | ZHANG Jintun | 2007 | Frontiers in Biology2007，2，2： | 0 |
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