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| 1 | 4-1BB signaling activates glucose and fatty acid metabolism to enhance CD8^(+) T cell proliferation显示文摘4-1BB(CD137)is a strong enhancer of the proliferation of CD8^(+)T cells.Since these cells require increased production of energy and biomass to support their proliferation,we hypothesized that 4-1BB signaling activated glucose and fatty acid metabolism.We found that treatment with agonistic anti-4-1BB mAb promoted the proliferation of CD8^(+)T cells in vitro,increasing their size and granularity.Studies with a glycolysis inhibitor and a fatty acid oxidation inhibitor revealed that CD8^(+)T cell proliferation required both glucose and fatty acid metabolism.Anti-4-1BB treatment increased glucose transporter 1 expression and activated the liver kinase B1(LKB1)-AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)-acetyl-CoA carboxylase(ACC)signaling pathway,which may be responsible for activating the metabolism of glucose and fatty acids.We also examined whether blocking glucose or fatty acid metabolism affected cell cycle progression and the anti-apoptotic effect of 4-1BB signaling.The increase of anti-apoptotic factors and cyclins in response to anti-4-1BB treatment was completely prevented by treating CD8^(+)T cells with the fatty acid oxidation inhibitor,etomoxir,but not with the glycolysis inhibitor,2-deoxy-D-glucose.We conclude that anti-4-1BB treatment activates glucose and fatty acid metabolism thus supporting the increased demand for energy and biomass,and that fatty acid metabolism plays a crucial role in enhancing the cell cycle progression of anti-CD3-activated CD8^(+)T cells in vitro and the anti-apoptotic effects of 4-1BB signaling on these cells. | Beom K Choi Do Y Lee Don G Lee Young H Kim Seon-Hee Kim Ho S Oh Chungyong Han Byoung S Kwon | 2017 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2017，14，9： | 6 |
| 2 | BK nephropathy in the native kidneys of patients with organ transplants: Clinical spectrum of BK infection显示文摘Nephropathy secondary to BK virus, a member of the Papoviridae family of viruses, has been recognized for some time as an important cause of allograft dysfunction in renal transplant recipients. In recent times, BK nephropathy(BKN) of the native kidneys has being increasingly recognized as a cause of chronic kidney disease in patients with solid organ transplants, bone marrow transplants and in patients with other clinical entities associated with immunosuppression. In such patients renal dysfunction is often attributed to other factors including nephrotoxicity of medications used to prevent rejection of the transplanted organs. Renal biopsy is required for the diagnosis of BKN. Quantitation of the BK viral load in blood and urine are surrogate diagnostic methods. The treatment of BKN is based on reduction of the immunosuppressive medications. Several compounds have shown antiviral activity, but have not consistently shown to have beneficial effects in BKN. In addition to BKN, BK viral infection can cause severe urinary bladder cystitis, ureteritis and urinary tract obstruction as well as manifestations in other organ systems including the central nervous system, the respiratory system, the gastrointestinal system and the hematopoietic system. BK viral infection has also been implicated in tumorigenesis. The spectrum of clinical manifestations from BK infection and infection from other members of the Papoviridae family is widening. Prevention and treatment of BK infection and infections from other Papovaviruses are subjects of intense research. | Darlene Vigil Nikifor K Konstantinov Marc Barry Antonia M Harford Karen S Servilla Young Ho Kim Yijuan Sun Kavitha Ganta Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2016 | World Journal of Transplantation2016，6，3： | 4 |
| 3 | Features of extrahepatic metastasis after radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘BACKGROUND Extrahepatic metastasis(EHM)of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is associated with poor outcomes.However,the clinical features and risk factors of EHM of HCC after radiofrequency ablation(RFA)remain unclear.AIM To elucidate the characteristics and risk factors of EHM after RFA for HCC.METHODS From January 2008 to December 2017,we retrospectively enrolled 661 patients who underwent RFA as first-line treatment for HCC at 2 tertiary hospitals.The inclusion criteria were age≥18 years,a diagnosis of HCC,and treatment-naivety.Abdominal computed tomography(CT)or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and alpha-fetoprotein measurements were routinely performed at 1 mo after RFA and followed-up at intervals of 3-6 mo.Univariate analyses were performed using the chi-squared test or Student’s t-test,and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed via logistic regression,as appropriate.RESULTS EHM was diagnosed in 44 patients(6.7%)during a median follow-up period of 1204 days.The 10-year cumulative rate of HCC recurrence and EHM was 92.7%and 33.7%,respectively.Initial recurrence was most often intrahepatic,and the rate of extrahepatic recurrence at initial recurrence was only 1.2%.The median time to the diagnosis of EHM was 2.68 years,and 68.2%of patients developed EHM within 2 years of the first recurrence,regardless of recurrence-free survival and 75.0%of patients developed EHM within 5 years after first recurrence.EHM was mostly diagnosed via abdominal CT/MRI in 33(75.0%)and 38 of 44 patients(86.4%)with EHM had either positive abdominal CT scan results or serum AFP level elevation.In multivariate analysis,recurrence-free survival<2 years,ablation zone/tumor size<2,and alpha-fetoprotein level>400 IU/mL were associated with a high EHM risk.CONCLUSION EHM occurs following multiple intrahepatic recurrences after RFA and combined contrast-enhanced abdominal CT and serum AFP were useful for surveillance.Patients especially with high-risk factors require close follow-up for EHM. | Jae H Yoon Young J Goo Chae-Jun Lim Sung K Choi Sung B Cho Sang S Shin Chung H Jun | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，32： | 3 |
| 4 | 伴有浆细胞分化的套细胞淋巴瘤显示文摘 | Young K H Chan W C Fu K 黄文斌(摘译) | 2006 | 临床与实验病理学杂志2006，22，5： | 2 |
| 5 | Adjuvant-free HSP70 fusion protein system elicits humoral and cellular immune responses to HIV-1 p24显示文摘 | Suzue K Young R A | 1996 | Exs1996，77，： | 2 |
| 6 | Molecular cloning of an 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic synthase from senescing carnation flower petals 显示文摘 | Young K P | 1992 | Plant Molecular Biology1992，18，： | 2 |
| 7 | A method for rapid determination of lactose显示文摘 | Teles F F Young C K Stull J W | 1978 | J Dairy Sci1978，61，： | 2 |
| 8 | BaTiO3 particles prepared by microwave-assisted hydrothermal reaction using titanium acylate precursors 显示文摘 | GUANG J C HYUN S K YOUNG S C | 1999 | Material Letters1999，41，： | 2 |
| 9 | Cytotoxic activity of cobalamin in cultured malignant and nonmalignant cells显示文摘 | Tsao CS Miyashita K Young M | 1990 | Pathobiology1990，58，5： | 1 |
| 10 | The characteristics of a hydroxyapatite-chitosan-PMMA bone cement显示文摘 | SEOK B K YOUNG J K TAEK L Y | 2004 | Biomaterials2004，25，26： | 1 |
| 11 | Characteristic of acoustic emission during stress corrosion cracking of inconel 600 alloy显示文摘 | Key Y S In S K Young K Y | 1997 | Scripta Materialia1997，37，： | 1 |
| 12 | Identification of a pre2 viously unknown antigen2specific regulatory T cell a nd its mechanism of suppression显示文摘 | Zhang ZX Yang L Young K J | 2000 | Nat Med2000，6，7： | 1 |
| 13 | A PLL clock generator with 5 to 110 MHz of lock range for microprocessors显示文摘 | YOUNG I A GREASON J K WONG K L | 1992 | IEEE J Sol Sta Circ1992，27，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Population-based mammography screening:comparison of screen-film and full-filed digital mammography with soft-copy reading―OSlo I study显示文摘 | Skaane P Young K Skjennald A | 2003 | Radiology2003，229，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Calibration of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy to estimate nitrogen concentration in potato tissues显示文摘 | YOUNG M W MACKRRON D K L DAVIES H V | 1997 | PotatoResearch1997，，40： | 1 |
| 16 | Phospholipid - stabilized nanoparticles of cyclosporine A by rapid expansion from supercritical to aqueous solution显示文摘 | YOUNG T J JOHNSTON K P PACE G W | 2004 | AAPS Pharm Sci Tech2004，5，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Reconstruction for renal artery aneurysm: Operative techniques and long-term results显示文摘 | Jong A H Young K W | 2003 | J Vas Surg2003，37，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Internet addiction:the emergence of a new clinical disorder显示文摘 | | 1996 | Cyber Psychology and Behavior1996，1，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Time-dependent fundamental solutions for homogeneous diffusion problems显示文摘 | Young D L Tsai C C Murugesan K Fan C M Chen C W | 2004 | Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements2004，28，： | 1 |
| 20 | Mediation of seasonal testicular regression by apoptosis 显示文摘 | YOUNG K A NELSON R J | 2001 | Reproduction2001，122，5： | 1 |
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