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| 1 | Trade-offs and synergies of climate change adaptation strategies among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa:A systematic review显示文摘Climate change adaptation strategies provide a cushion for smallholder farmers,especially in subSaharan Africa against the risks posed by climate hazards such as droughts and floods.However,the decision-making process in climate adaptation is complex.To better understand the dynamics of the process,we strive to answer this question:what are the potential trade-offs and synergies related to decision-making and implementation of climate adaptation strategies among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa region?A systematic literature review methodology was used through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis(PRISMA)statement with the four-stage inclusion/exclusion criteria to identify the literature from selected databases(Scopus and Google Scholar).The climate adaptation strategies are organized into five broad categories(crop management,risk management,soil/land management,water management,and livestock management strategies).Evidence suggests that potential trade-offs may arise concerning added costs,additional labor requirements,and competition among objectives or available resources.The synergies,on the other hand,arise from implementing two or more adaptation strategies concurrently in respect of increased productivity,resilience,yield stability,sustainability,and environmental protection.Trade-offs and synergies may also differ among the various adaptation strategies with minimum/zero tillage,comparatively,presenting more tradeoffs.The development and promotion of low-cost adaptation strategies and complementary climate adaptation options that minimize the trade-offs and maximize the synergies are suggested.Skills and knowledge on proper implementation of climate change adaptation strategies are encouraged,especially at the local farm level. | Devinia Princess Akinyi Stanley Karanja Ng’ang’ Evan Hartunian Girvetz | 2021 | Regional Sustainability2021，2，2： | 4 |
| 2 | 均分直槽微结构光纤光栅磁场传感器显示文摘对微结构光纤磁场传感器的增敏性能进行研究,设计了一种基于飞秒激光微加工的均分直槽型微结构光纤磁场传感器。利用飞秒激光在刻有光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)的单模光纤(SMF)包层上刻蚀均分直槽微结构,并采用HF溶液清除直槽内的残留碎屑和应力集中点,随后用磁控溅射技术在加工部位溅射一层磁致伸缩薄膜TbDyFe。当外界磁场强度变化时,通过观测传感器中心波长的变化可实现对磁场强度的测量。直槽微结构能减小光纤横截面积,改善光纤轴向伸缩性能,增大薄膜附着表面积,从而提高传感器探头灵敏度。理论分析了直槽微结构提高传感器性能的工作原理,介绍了传感器探头的制备工艺和性能影响因素,给出了不同参数传感探头的磁场测试结果。实验结果表明,利用飞秒激光加工直槽微结构能明显改善传感器探头灵敏度,其中直槽个数对性能影响最为明显;相对于无微结构传感器探头,有微结构光纤探头灵敏度最高可提升3.8倍。 | 刘斌 戴玉堂 周贤 邹猛 Joseph Muna Karanja | 2015 | 光电子.激光2015，26，10： | 2 |
| 3 | Farmer Participatory Evaluation of Nursery Bed Treatments for the Control of Root-Knot Nematodes [Meloidogynejavanica (Treub) Chitwood and Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood] in Smallholder Farms in Kenya显示文摘 | D. K. Karanja S. R. Gowen B. Ndung u R. O. Musebe S. Simons A McLeod B. R. Kerry P. K. Karanja B. Pembroke | 2011 | Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A)2011，1，5： | 2 |
| 4 | Modification to physicochemical and nutritional proper-ties of hard-to-cook beans(Phaseolus vulgaris L)by extrusion cooking显示文摘 | Martin-Cabrejas M A Jaime L Karanja C | 1999 | Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry1999，，47： | 1 |
| 5 | Soil organic matter and nutrient dynamics in a Kenyan nifisol under long- term fertilizer and organic input management 显示文摘 | Kapkiyai J J Karanja N K Qureshi J N | 1999 | Soil Biol Biochem1999，31，13： | 1 |
| 6 | Formulation of vegetable fat pellets with pheromone and Beauveria bassiana to control the larger borer, Prostephanus truncates (Horn) 显示文摘 | Smith SM Moore D Karanja LW | 1999 | Pesticide Sci1999，55，： | 1 |
| 7 | Utilization of poultry litter pellets in meat goat diets 显示文摘 | JACKSON D J RUDE B J KARANJA K K | 2006 | Small Ruminant Res2006，66，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Formulation of vegetable fat pellets with pheromone and Beauveria bassiana to control the larger grain borer,Prostephanus truncatus (Hom)显示文摘 | Smith S M Moore D Karanja L W | 1999 | Pesticide Science1999，55，7： | 1 |
| 9 | Rural Infrastructure,Transactions Costs and Market Participation in Kenya显示文摘 | DANIEL G HALLSTROM DANIEL D KARANJA | 2004 | Journal of Development Economics2004，，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Soil organic matter and nutrient dynamics in a Kenyan nitisol under long-term fertilizer and organic input management显示文摘 | Kapkiyyai Jane J Karanja | 1999 | Soil Biology and Biochemistry1999，31，： | 1 |
| 11 | Leakage from stapled low anastomosis after total mesorectal excision for carcinoma of the rectum显示文摘 | KARANJA ND CORDER AP BEARM PO et at | 1994 | Br J Surg1994，81，8： | 1 |
| 12 | Soil organic matter and nutrient dynamics in a Kenyan nitisol under long-term fertilizer and organic inputmanagement显示文摘 | Kapkiyai JJ Karanja NK Qureshi JN Smithson PC Woomer PL | 1999 | Soil Biology and Biochemistry1999，31，13： | 1 |
| 13 | Volatile constituents of redblush grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) and pummelo (Citrus grandis) peel essential oils from kenya显示文摘 | Njomge S M Koaze H Karanja P N | 2005 | Agrieuhure and Food Chemistry2005，53，25： | 1 |
| 14 | DNA2 and EXO1 in replication-coupled,homology-directed repair and in the interplay between HDR and the FA/BRCA network显示文摘 | Karanja KK Cox SW Duxin JP | 2012 | Cell Cycle2012，11，21： | 1 |
| 15 | Volatile constituents of redblush grapefruit(Citrus paradisi)and pummelo (Citrus grandis) peel essential oils from Kenya显示文摘 | Njoroge S M Koaze H Karanja P N | 2005 | Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry2005，53，25： | 1 |
| 16 | Volatile constituents ofredblush grapefruit ( Citrus paradisi) and pummelo ( Citrusgrandis) peel essential oils from Kenya显示文摘 | Njoroge S M Koaze H Karanja P al | 2005 | Agric Food Chem2005，53，： | 1 |
| 17 | DNA2 and EXO1 in replication-coupled,homology-directed repair and in the interplay between HDR and the FA/BRCA network显示文摘 | Karanja KK Cox SW Duxin JP | 2012 | Cell Cycle2012，11，21： | 1 |
| 18 | Mobile phones : exceptional tools for HIV/ AIDS, health, and crisis management 显示文摘 | Lester R Karanja S | 2008 | Lancet Infect Dis2008，8，12： | 1 |
| 19 | Prevalence, pathology and risk factors for coccidiosis in domestic rab- bits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in selected regions in Kenya显示文摘 | Okumu PO Gathumbi PK Karanja DN | 2014 | Vet Q2014，34，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Changes in quality of dried macadamia nuts during a peak harvest season in Kenia 显示文摘 | Koaze H Ndaka D S Karanja P N | 2002 | Food Science and Technology Research2002，8，1： | 1 |
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