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| 1 | Liver diseases in pregnancy: Diseases not unique to pregnancy显示文摘Pregnancy is a special clinical state with several normal physiological changes that influence body organs including the liver.Liver disease can cause significant morbidity and mortality in both pregnant women and their infants.Few challenges arise in reaching an accurate diagnosis in light of such physiological changes.Laboratory test results should be carefully interpreted and the knowledge of what normal changes to expect is prudent to avoid clinical misjudgment.Other challenges entail the methods of treatment and their safety for both the mother and the baby.This review summarizes liver diseases that are not unique to pregnancy.We focus on viral hepatitis and its mode of transmission,diagnosis,effect on the pregnancy,the mother,the infant,treatment,and breast-feeding.Autoimmune hepatitis,primary biliary cirrhosis,primary sclerosing cholangitis,Wilson’s disease,Budd Chiari and portal vein thrombosis in pregnancy are also discussed.Pregnancy is rare in patients with cirrhosis because of the metabolic and hormonal changes associated with cirrhosis.Variceal bleeding can happen in up to 38%of cirrhotic pregnant women.Management of portal hypertension during pregnancy is discussed.Pregnancy increases the pathogenicity leading to an increase in the rate of gallstones.We discuss some of the interventions for gallstones in pregnancy if symptoms arise.Finally,we provide an overview of some of the options in managing hepatic adenomas and hepatocellular carcinoma during pregnancy. | Ashraf A Almashhrawi Khulood T Ahmed Rubayat N Rahman Ghassan M Hammoud Jamal A Ibdah | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，43： | 17 |
| 2 | Liver diseases in pregnancy: Diseases unique to pregnancy显示文摘Pregnancy is a special clinical state with several normal physiological changes that influence body organs including the liver.Liver disease can cause significant morbidity and mortality in both pregnant women and their infants.This review summarizes liver diseases that are unique to pregnancy.We discuss clinical conditions that are seen only in pregnant women and involve the liver;from Hyperemesis Gravidarum that happens in 1out of 200 pregnancies and Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy(0.5%-1.5%prevalence),to the more frequent condition of preeclampsia(10%prevalence)and its severe form;hemolysis,elevated liver enzymes,and a low platelet count syndrome(12%of pregnancies with preeclampsia),to the rare entity of Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy(incidence of 1 per 7270 to 13000deliveries).Although pathogeneses behind the development of these aliments are not fully understood,theories have been proposed.Some propose the special physiological changes that accompany pregnancy as a precipitant.Others suggest a constellation of factors including both the mother and her fetus that come together to trigger those unique conditions.Reaching a timely and accurate diagnosis of such conditions can be challenging.The timing of the condition in relation toward which trimester it starts at is a key.Accurate diagnosis can be made using specific clinical findings and blood tests.Some entities have well-defined criteria that help not only in making the diagnosis,but also in classifying the disease according to its severity.Management of these conditions range from simple medical remedies to measures such as immediate termination of the pregnancy.In specific conditions,it is prudent to have expert obstetric and medical specialists teaming up to help improve the outcomes. | Khulood T Ahmed Ashraf A Almashhrawi Rubayat N Rahman Ghassan M Hammoud Jamal A Ibdah | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，43： | 10 |
| 3 | Primary hepatocellular carcinoma and metabolic syndrome:An update显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma has increased dramatically by 80% over the past two decades in the United States. Numerous basic science and clinical studies have documented a strong association between hepatocellular carcinoma and the metabolic syndrome. These studies have documented that, in most patients, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, which may progress to hepatocellular carcinoma through the cirrhotic process. However, minority of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease may progress to hepatocellular carcinoma without cirrhosis.This review summarizes the current literature of the link between hepatocellular carcinoma and metabolic syndrome with special emphasis on various components of the metabolic syndrome including risk of association with obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia,and hypertension. Current understanding of pathophysiology, clinical features, treatments, outcomes,and surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma in the background of metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is reviewed. With the current epidemic of metabolic syndrome, the number of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing.Subsequently, it is expected that the incidence and prevalence of HCC will also increase. It is very important for the scientific community to shed more light on the pathogenesis of HCC with metabolic syndrome,both with and without cirrhosis. At the same time it is also important to quantify the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with the metabolic syndrome in a prospective setting and develop surveillance recommendations for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with metabolic syndrome. | Rubayat Rahman Ghassan M Hammoud Ashraf A Al-mashhrawi Khulood T Ahmed Jamal A Ibdah | 2013 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2013，5，9： | 8 |
| 4 | Liver diseases in pregnancy: Liver transplantation in pregnancy显示文摘Pregnancy in patients with advanced liver disease is uncommon as most women with decompensated cirrhosis are infertile and have high rate of anovulation.However,if gestation ensued;it is very challenging and carries high risks for both the mother and the baby such as higher rates of spontaneous abortion,prematurity,pulmonary hypertension,splenic artery aneurysm rupture,postpartum hemorrhage,and a potential for life-threatening variceal hemorrhage and hepatic decompensation.In contrary,with orthotopic liver transplantation,menstruation resumes and most women of childbearing age are able to conceive,give birth and lead a better quality of life.Women with orthotopic liver transplantation seeking pregnancy should be managed carefully by a team consultation with transplant hepatologist,maternal-fetal medicine specialist and other specialists.Pregnant liver transplant recipients need to stay on immunosuppression medication to prevent allograft rejection.Furthermore,these medications need to be monitored carefully and continued throughout pregnancy to avoid potential adverse effects to mother and baby.Thus delaying pregnancy 1 to 2 years after transplantation minimizes fetal exposure to high doses of immunosuppressants.Pregnant female liver transplant patients have a high rate of cesarean delivery likely due to the high rate of prematurity in this population.Recent reports suggest that with close monitoring and multidisciplinary team approach,most female liver transplant recipient of childbearing age will lead a successful pregnancy. | Ghassan M Hammoud Ashraf A Almashhrawi Khulood T Ahmed Rubayat Rahman Jamal A Ibdah | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，43： | 3 |
| 5 | Study of total phenol,flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening of various leaves crude extracts of locally grown Thymus vulgaris显示文摘Objective:To prepare various crude extracts using different polarities of solvent and to quantitatively evaluate their total phenol,flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening of Thymus vulgaris collected from Al Jabal Al Akhdar,Nizwa.Sultanate of Oman.Methods:The leave sample was extracted with methanol and evaporated.Then it was defatted with water and extracted with different polarities organic solvents with increasing polarities.The prepare hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,hutanol and methanol crude extracts were used for their evaluation of total phenol,flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening study.The established conventional metliods were used for quantitative determination of total phenol,flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening.Results:Phytochemical screening for various crude extracts were tested and shown positive result for flavonoids,saponins and steroids compounds.The result for total phenol content was the highest in hutanol and the lowest in methanol crude extract whereas the total flavonoids contents was the highest in methanol and the lowest hexane crude extract.Conclusions:The crude extracts from locally grown Thymus vulgaris showed high concentration of flavonoids and it could be used as antibiotics for different curable and uncurable diseases. | Mohammad Amzad Hossain Khulood Ahmed Salim AL-Raqmi Zawan Hamood AL-Mijizy Afaf Mohammed Weli Qasim Al-Riyami | 2013 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2013，3，9： | 2 |
| 6 | Corneal topographic changes and surgically induced astigmatism following combined phacoemulsification and 25-gauge vitrectomy显示文摘● AIM: To evaluate corneal topographic changes and surgically induced astigmatism(SIA) after combined phacoemulsification and 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy(25-G TSV).● METHODS: A retrospective study on 96 eyes of 87 patients who underwent combined phacoemulsification and 25-G TSV. The different topographic parameters and SIA were analyzed pre- and postoperatively. ● RESULTS: There was no significant changes in corneal topographic parameters at different follow up periods. Only surface regularity index changed significantly in the 2^(nd) postoperative week and then returned to baseline values thereafter. Mean SIA gradually decreased to reach 0.12 D by the 6^(th) postoperative month. ● CONCLUSION: Corneal surface and astigmatic changes are insignificant in either early or late postoperative periods following combined phacoemulsification and 25-G TSV. The SIA was the minimum among previous reports on sutureless vitrectomy alone or combined with phacoemulsification. Improvement of SIA did not stop at the 3^(rd) postoperative month but it continued till the 6^(th) month postoperatively. | Khulood Mohammed Sayed Mahmoud M.Farouk Takashi Katome Toshihiko Nagasawa Takeshi Naito Yoshinori MitamurA | 2017 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2017，10，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Interrater and intrarrater reliability of the Exeter Dysphagia Assessment Technique applied to healthy elderly adults显示文摘 | Khulood A Vaughan R | 2000 | Dysphagia2000，15，： | 1 |
| 8 | Chemical characterization of Iraqi propolis samples and assessing their antioxidant potentials显示文摘 | Ghassan M. Sulaiman Khulood W. Al Sammarrae Ali H. Ad’hiah Massimo Zucchetti Roberta Frapolli Ezia Bello Eugenio Erba Maurizio D’Incalci Renzo Bagnati | 2011 | Food and Chemical Toxicology2011，，9： | 1 |
| 9 | Microbial leakage of cavit,IRM,and temp bond in post-prepared root canals using two methods of gutta-percha removal:an in vitro study显示文摘 | Hanan B Saad AN Khulood AM | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 10 | PPARs,insulin resistance and type diabetes 显示文摘 | FelicityKaplan Khulood AI - Majali D John Bettefidge | 2001 | Journal of Cardiovascular Risk2001，8，4： | 1 |
| 11 | 上颌侧切牙牙槽骨壁厚度与尖牙关系相关性的锥形束CT研究显示文摘目的 利用锥形束CT(cone beam computed tomography, CBCT)研究上颌侧切牙牙槽骨板厚度与尖牙关系之间的相关性,评估影响上颌侧切牙即刻种植位点骨量的相关因素。方法 选取49例患者(共92颗上颌侧切牙)的CBCT影像学资料,确定尖牙关系(Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类及Ⅲ类),测量上颌侧切牙牙槽骨的根中颊侧骨板厚度(mid-root buccal width, MBW)、根中腭侧骨板厚度(mid-root palatal width, MPW)、根尖颊侧骨板厚度(apical buccal width, ABW)、根尖腭侧骨板厚度(apical buccal palatal, APW),并对各尖牙关系对应的上颌侧切牙骨板厚度及其分布情况进行统计学分析。结果 尖牙Ⅰ类和Ⅲ类关系人群中,上颌侧切牙的MPW(Ⅰ:(2.94±1.20)mm vs.Ⅲ:(1.97±0.69)mm)、ABW(Ⅰ:(1.60±0.55)mm vs.Ⅲ:(2.30±1.03)mm)及APW(Ⅰ:(8.52±1.99)mm vs.Ⅲ:(5.78±1.56)mm)在厚度及厚度分布存在统计学差异(P<0.05);尖牙Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类人群中,上颌侧切牙的MPW(Ⅰ:(2.94±1.20)mm vs.(2.18±1.10)mm)及APW(Ⅰ:(8.52±1.99)mm vs.Ⅱ:(6.53±2.34)mm)在厚度及厚度分布存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论 相较于尖牙Ⅰ类关系人群,尖牙Ⅲ类人群的上颌侧切牙根整体位置及根尖方向更偏腭侧,使得腭侧骨板相对菲薄。即刻种植时,种植体腭侧穿孔风险增加,类似结论在Ⅱ类尖牙关系伴上颌切牙唇倾的患者中也可成立。因此,尖牙Ⅲ类关系及牙齿唇倾可能是上颌切牙区即刻种植修复技术的潜在风险因素。 | 雷晨 于群 Khulood Ali ALTAEZI 汤春波 | 2022 | 口腔医学2022，42，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Effects of C_8 ventral root avulsion or transection on spinal alpha motoneurons in adult rats A qualitative light and electron microscopic study显示文摘BACKGROUND: Nerve root avulsion is a frequent finding in patients with brachial plexus injury following road traffic accidents or as a result of severe arm traction during complicated deliveries. This injury constitutes a challenging clinical and surgical problem. The morphological characteristics of motoneurons after nerve root avulsion deserve further analysis. OBJECTIVE: To study the different morphological changes of α-motoneurons under light and electron microscopy after C8 spinal ventral rootlets avulsion and transection at various stages. DESIGN: Controlled animal study. SETTING: Department of Anatomy,King Faisal University. MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out at the Department of Anatomy,College of Medicine,King Faisal University between January 2005 and March 2006. Six adult Sprague Dawley rats weighing 200-350 g,irrespective of gender,were used for this study. The animals were bred at the animal house,College of Medicine,King Faisal University,and fed on rat maintenance diet. Water and standard diet were supplied ad libitum. Animal interventions were carried out according to animal ethical standards. METHODS: Three animals were randomly chosen for avulsion of the right ventral rootlets of C8 spinal nerves. The other three received transection of the right ventral rootlets of C8 spinal nerves. ①Avulsion experiment: After rats were anesthetized,the right ventral rootlets of C8 spinal nerves were identified. The ventral rootlets were avulsed from the spinal cord by traction with a fine hook (Fine Science Tools Inc.,No. 10031-13,Germany). Traction was exerted in a direction parallel to the course of the spinal root. Under the operating microscope,the C8 segment was exactly located. After checking the successfulness of the surgical procedure,the C8 segment was separated from the spinal cord. The outcome of the avulsion procedure was as follows: two animals had true avulsion,i.e.,no remaining stump was attached to the spinal cord surface. One rat had a stump still attached. The animal was sacrificed 1 week later and was included in the transaction experiment for analysis. ②Transection experiment: Using fine scissors,the ventral rootlets were transected close to the area of the right ventral rootlets junction with the dorsal rootlets. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: After the rats were anesthetized,C8 spinal cord segments were collected for the avulsion experiment from 2 rats,1 rat,and 1 rat at weeks 1,4,and 8,respectively,and from 1 rat each after 4 and 8 weeks in the transection experiment. The morphology of α-motoneurons was observed under light microscopic and electron microscopic examination. RESULTS: All six rats were included in the final analysis. ①Avulsion experiment: α-motoneurons of the C8 spinal segment were found to survive avulsion injury up to 4 weeks. Thereafter,signs of degeneration occurred in a gradual process,involving first the most anterior motoneurons and probably proceeding posterior in a zonal pattern. A clear reduction in motoneuron size was noted. The largest cell body detected was smaller than the control. Nuclei were rounded and central. Nissl substance appeared granular and was dispersed over the cytoplasm,and the α-motoneurons were of normal electron density. At 8 weeks,three zones were observed in the ventral horn. The anterior zone was the most affected and showed intensely basophilic shrunken motoneurons. Nearly all nuclei were centrally located,but were irregular in outline. ②Transection experiment: one week after ventral root transection,nuclei were slightly eccentric and irregular in outline,but of normal size. Nucleolar vacuolation was observed in several neurons,and the ultrastructure of the chromatolytic Nissl bodies (NBs) showed disorganized arrangement of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) cisternae. The motoneuron cell bodies were of regular shape and size at week 4. Nuclei returned to their normal central location and contour. Many lipofuscin granules and lysosomes were observed in the motoneuron cytoplasm. α-motoneurons appeared to have normal cell bodies; the nuclei were perfectly round,but slightly enlarged with enlarged nucleoli at week 8. There was almost complete recovery of the α-motoneurons. CONCLUSION: α-motoneurons of the C8 spinal segment can survive in the right ventral root in rats after transection at the right ventral rootlets junction to the dorsal rootlets. α-motoneurons of the C8 spinal segment in rats can survive for 4 weeks after avulsion injury. Thereafter,signs of degeneration occur,and the degenerative process proceeds in a zonal pattern. | Khulood M.AL-Khater Bassem Y.Sheikh | 2008 | Neural Regeneration Research2008，3，2： | 0 |
| 13 | Is the 25-year hepatitis C marathon coming to an end to declare victory?显示文摘Hepatitis C virus(HCV) which was originally recognized as posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis has been amajor global health problem affecting 3% of the world population. Interferon/peginterferon and ribavirin combination therapy was the backbone of chronic HCV therapy for two decades of the journey. However, the interferon based treatment success rate was around 50% with many side effects. Many chronic HCV patients with psychiatric diseases, or even cytopenias, were ineligible for HCV treatment. Now, we no longer need any injectable medicine. New direct-acting antiviral agents against HCV allowed the advance of interferonfree and ribavirin-free oral regimens with high rates of response and tolerability. The cost of the medications should not be a barrier to their access in certain parts of the world. While we are getting closer, we should still focus on preventing the spread of the disease, screening and delivering the cure globally to those in need. In the near future, development of an effective vaccine against HCV would make it possible to eradicate HCV infection worldwide completely. | Khulood T Ahmed Ashraf A Almashhrawi Jamal A Ibdah Veysel Tahan | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，21： | 0 |
| 14 | Alkaloids Production from Callus of Hyoscyamus niger L, in Vitro显示文摘 | Abedaljasim M. Jasim Aljibouri Khulood Whaybed Al-samarraei Ashwaq Shanan Abd Duhaa MuasarMageed Abdal-Jabbar Abass Ali | 2012 | Journal of Life Sciences2012，6，8： | 0 |
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