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| 1 | Gastrointestinal radiation injury:Symptoms,risk factors and mechanisms显示文摘Ionising radiation therapy is a common treatment modality for different types of cancer and its use is expected to increase with advances in screening and early detection of cancer.Radiation injury to the gastrointestinal tract is important factor working against better utility of this important therapeutic modality.Cancer survivors can suffer a wide variety of acute and chronic symptoms following radiotherapy,which significantly reduces their quality of life as well as adding an extra burden to the cost of health care.The accurate diagnosis and treatment of intestinal radiation injury often represents a clinical challenge to practicing physicians in both gastroenterology and oncology.Despite the growing recognition of the problem and some advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of radiation injury,relatively little is known about the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal radiation injury or any possible susceptibility factors that could aggravate its severity.The aims of this review are to examine the various clinical manifestations of post-radiation gastrointestinal symptoms,to discuss possible patient and treatment factors implicated in normal gastrointestinal tissue radiosensitivity and to outline different mechanisms of intestinal tissue injury. | Abobakr K Shadad Frank J Sullivan Joseph D Martin Laurence J Egan | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，2： | 35 |
| 2 | Gastrointestinal radiation injury:Prevention and treatment显示文摘With the recent advances in detection and treatment of cancer,there is an increasing emphasis on the efficacy and safety aspects of cancer therapy.Radiation therapy is a common treatment for a wide variety of cancers,either alone or in combination with other treatments.Ionising radiation injury to the gastrointestinal tract is a frequent side effect of radiation therapy and a considerable proportion of patients suffer acute or chronic gastrointestinal symptoms as a result.These side effects often cause morbidity and may in some cases lower the efficacy of radiotherapy treatment.Radiation injury to the gastrointestinal tract can be minimised by either of two strategies:technical strategies which aim to physically shift radiation dose away from the normal intestinal tissues,and biological strategies which aim to modulate the normal tissue response to ionising radiation or to increase its resistance to it.Although considerable improvement in the safety of radiotherapy treatment has been achieved through the use of modern optimised planning and delivery techniques,biological techniques may offer additional further promise.Different agents have been used to prevent or minimize the severity of gastrointestinal injury induced by ionising radiation exposure,including biological,chemical and pharmacological agents.In this review we aim to discuss various technical strategies to prevent gastrointestinal injury during cancer radiotherapy,examine the different therapeutic options for acute and chronic gastrointestinal radiation injury and outline some examples of research directions and considerations for prevention at a pre-clinical level. | Abobakr K Shadad Frank J Sullivan Joseph D Martin Laurence J Egan | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，2： | 32 |
| 3 | Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade: obligatory contribution of IL-2 receptors and negative prognostic impact of soluble CD25显示文摘堵住抗体 ipilimumab 的细胞毒素的 T 淋巴细胞 antigen-4 (CTLA-4 ) 在很少的病人导致变形黑瘤的调停免疫者的长期的控制。尽管 ipilimumab 无疑经由 immunostimulation 施加它的治疗学的效果,这样远的临床上有用的、 immunologically 相关的 biomarkers 预言治疗效率是逃犯的。这里,我们显示出 IL-2 的那中立化或堵住 α并且 βIL-2 受体的子单元(CD25 和 CD122,分别地) 否则在现出症状之前的潜的老鼠模型由 CTLA-4 封锁导致了,废除了 antitumor 效果和 intratumoral T 受动器对规章的房间(Tregs ) 的比率的伴随的改进,它是。CTLA-4 封锁导致了在失去了 FoxP3 表示并且在 regressing 肿瘤积累了的 IL-2-producing 受动器房间与伴随物上升表示 Lag3, ICOS, IL-10 和 Egr2 的一个镇压 CD4 + T 房间子集的减小。当 recombinant IL-2 改进了 CTLA-4 封锁的治疗学的功效时,圈套 IL-2 受体 α(IL-2Rα, sCD25 ) 禁止了 CTLA-4 的 anticancer 效果封锁。在收到 ipilimumab 的 262 个变形黑瘤病人, sCD25 的基线浆液集中代表了全面幸存的独立指示物,与预言到治疗的抵抗的高水平。总的来说,这些结果解开为在 CTLA-4 的 anticancer 活动的 IL-2 和 IL-2 受体的一个角色封锁。重要地,我们的学习提供第一 immunologically 相关的 biomarker,也就是提高的浆液 sCD25,那与黑瘤在病人预言抵抗到 CTLA-4 封锁。 | Dalil Hannani Marie Vetizou David Enot Sylvie Rusakiewicz Nathalie Chaput David Klatzmann Melanie Desbois Nicolas Jacquelot Nadege Vimond Salem Chouaib Christine Mateus James P Allison Antoni Ribas Jedd D Wolchok Jianda Yuan Philip Wong Michael Postow Andrzej Mackiewicz Jacek Mackiewicz Dirk Schadendorff Dirk Jaeger Alan J Korman Keith Bahjat Michele Maio Luana Calabro Michele WL Teng Mark J Smyth Alexander Eggennont Caroline Robert Guido Kroemer Laurence Zitvogel | 2015 | Cell Research2015，25，2： | 14 |
| 4 | Calcium phosphate cements for bone engineering and their biological properties显示文摘Calcium phosphate cements(CPCs) are frequently used to repair bone defects. Since their discovery in the 1980 s, extensive research has been conducted to improve their properties, and emerging evidence supports their increased application in bone tissue engineering. Much effort has been made to enhance the biological performance of CPCs, including their biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, biodegradability,bioactivity, and interactions with cells. This review article focuses on the major recent developments in CPCs,including 3 D printing, injectability, stem cell delivery, growth factor and drug delivery, and prevascularization of CPC scaffolds via co-culture and tri-culture techniques to enhance angiogenesis and osteogenesis. | Hockin HK Xu Ping Wang Lin Wang Chongyun Bao Qianming Chen Michael D Weir Laurence C Chow Liang Zhao Xuedong Zhou Mark A Reynolds | 2017 | Bone Research2017，5，4： | 14 |
| 5 | The human application of gene therapy to re-program T-cell specificity using chimeric antigen receptors显示文摘The adoptive transfer of T cells is a promising approach to treat cancers. Primary human T cells can be modified using viral and non-viral vectors to promote the specific targeting of cancer cells via the introduction of exogenous T-cell receptors(TCRs) or chimeric antigen receptors(CARs). This gene transfer displays the potential to increase the specificity and potency of the anticancer response while decreasing the systemic adverse effects that arise from conventional treatments that target both cancerous and healthy cells. This review highlights the generation of clinical-grade T cells expressing CARs for immunotherapy, the use of these cells to target B-cell malignancies and, particularly, the first clinical trials deploying the Sleeping Beauty gene transfer system, which engineers T cells to target CD19+ leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. | Alan D Guerrero Judy S Moyes Laurence JN Cooper | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2014，33，9： | 4 |
| 6 | Stereotactic body radiation therapy for management of spinal metastases in patients without spinal cord compression: a phase 1–2 trial显示文摘 | Xin Shelley Wang Laurence D Rhines Almon S Shiu James N Yang Ugur Selek Ibrahima Gning Ping Liu Pamela K Allen Syed S Azeem Paul D Brown Hadley J Sharp David C Weksberg Charles S Cleeland Eric L Chang | 2012 | Lancet Oncology2012，，4： | 2 |
| 7 | Talc grinding in an opposed air jet mill:start-up,product qulity and production rate optimization显示文摘 | Laurence G Alain C John D | 2002 | Powder Technology2002，128，： | 1 |
| 8 | Brominated flame retardants and perfluorinated compounds in indoor dust from homes and offices in Flanders, Belgium显示文摘 | Wendy D’Hollander Laurence Roosens Adrian Covaci Christa Cornelis Hans Reynders Karen Van Campenhout Pim de Voogt Lieven Bervoets | 2010 | Chemosphere2010，，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Equipment investment and economic growth 显示文摘 | Long D Bradford J Laurence H S | 1991 | Quarterly Journal of Economics1991，，106： | 1 |
| 10 | Transpapillary iridium-192 wire in the treatment of malignant bile duct obstruction显示文摘 | LEVITT M D LAURENCE B H CAMERON F | 1988 | Gut1988，29，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Comparative pulmonary toxicity assessment of single-wall carbon nanotubes in rats 显示文摘 | WARHEIT D B LAURENCE B R REED K L | 2004 | Toxicol Sci2004，77，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Trade-Offbetween r-Selection and K-Selection in Drosophila Populations显示文摘 | Mueller Laurence D Ayala Francisco J | 1981 | National Academy of Sciences1981，78，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Practical spread spectrum pulse compression for ultrasonic tissue imaging显示文摘 | Laurence R W Martin D F | 1998 | IEEE Transactions on Ultrason Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control1998，45，2： | 1 |
| 14 | LES and RANS of turbulent flow in tube bundles显示文摘 | Rollet-Miet P Laurence D Ferziger J H | 1999 | International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow1999，20，： | 1 |
| 15 | Exposure of the Flemish population to brominated flame retardants: Model and risk assessment显示文摘 | Laurence Roosens Christa Cornelis Wendy D’Hollander Lieven Bervoets Hans Reynders Karen Van Campenhout Rosette Van Den Heuvel Hugo Neels Adrian Covaci | 2010 | Environment International2010，，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Comparative pulmonary toxicity assessment of single-well carbon nanptibes in rats显示文摘 | WARHEIT D B LAURENCE B R REED K L | 2004 | Toxicological Sciences2004，77，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Diahetes-Indaced Mechanical Hyperalgesia Involves SpinalMitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in Neurons andMicroglia via N-Methyl-D-aspartate-Dependent Mechanisms显示文摘 | Laurence D Christophe M | 2006 | Molecular pharmacology2006，397，： | 1 |
| 18 | Phytoecdysteroids: biological aspects 显示文摘 | Laurence D | 2001 | Phytochem2001，57，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Evolution of Higher Feeding Rate in Drosophila Due to Density-Dependent Natural Selection显示文摘 | Joshi Amitabh Mueller Laurence D | 1988 | Evolution1988，42，5： | 1 |
| 20 | LES coarse LES,and transient RANS comparisons on the ? ow across a tube bundle显示文摘 | Benharnadouche S Laurence D | 2003 | International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow2003，24，： | 1 |
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