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| 1 | Developing superior alleles of yield genes in rice by artificial mutagenesis using the CRISPR/Cas9 system显示文摘Rice yield is an important and complex agronomic trait controlled by multiple genes.In recent decades,dozens of yield-associated genes in rice have been cloned,many of which can increase production in the form of loss or degeneration of function.However,mutations occurring randomly under natural conditions have provided very limited genetic resources for yield increases.In this study,potentially yield-increasing alleles of two genes closely associated with yield were edited artificially.The recently developed CRISPR/Cas9system was used to edit two yield genes:Grain number 1a(Gn1a)and DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE1(DEP1).Several mutants were identified by a target sequence analysis.Phenotypic analysis confirmed one mutant allele of Gn1a and three of DEP1 conferring yield superior to that conferred by other natural high-yield alleles.Our results demonstrate that favorable alleles of the Gnla and DEP1 genes,which are considered key factors in rice yield increases,could be developed by artificial mutagenesis using genome editing technology. | Liyu Huang Ru Zhang Guangfu Huang Yanxia Li Getachew Melaku Shilai Zhang Haitao Chen Yanjuan Zhao Jing Zhang Yesheng Zhang Fengyi Hu | 2018 | The Crop Journal2018，6，5： | 8 |
| 2 | Non-timber forest products and household incomes in Bonga forest area,southwestern Ethiopia显示文摘We identified the major non-timber forest products(NTFPs),their contributions to household incomes,and the determinants influencing engagement of households in using NTFPs in the Bonga forest area of Gimbo and Decha Districts of Kaffa Zone,southwest Ethiopia.Six Kebeles(the lowest administrative unit in Ethiopia)were sampled from two Districts and 150 households were randomly sampled using proportionalto-size techniques based on the number of farm households in each Kebele.Secondary data were collected from and focus group discussions were conducted with selected individuals.The farmers diversified livelihood activities such as crop and livestock production,collection of NTFPs and off-farm activities.NTFPs played a significant role in household incomes.The contribution from the major NTFPs(forest coffee,honey and spices)accounted for 47%of annual household income.The role of NTFPs was influenced by a number of factors.Variables including being native to the area(+),total land holding(+),possession of livestock(+)and access to extension(+)significantly affected forest coffee production.Age of household head(-),land holding(+)and distance of the market from the residence(-)significantly affected honey production.Size of landholding(+),distance to market(-)and distance of the forest from the residence(-)were significant variables determining the NTFP incomes derived by the households.Attention is needed in the design of policies and strategies for the well-being of households to the contribution of NTFPs to local incomes and the variables that affect the collection of NTFPs must be considered. | Ermias Melaku Zeleke Ewnetu Demel Teketay | 2014 | Journal of Forestry Research2014，25，1： | 5 |
| 3 | Larvicidal activities of chinaberry,neem and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis(Bti) to an insecticide resistant population of Anopheles arabiensis from Tolay,Southwest Ethiopia显示文摘Objective:To elucidate the larvicidal potency of neem, chinaberry and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis(Bti) to larvae of Anopheles arabiensis under semi-field condition and adult susceptibility/resistance to the conventionally used insecticides in Tolay,Southwestern Ethiopia.Methods: Wild collected 3rd and 4th stage larvae were exposed to neem, and chinaberry seed powder dissolved in water and Bti in artificial containers at three treatment levels:0.2, 0.1 and 0.05 g/m^2 and controls were free of treatments. Larval and pupal mortalities were monitored daily and residual activities were determined. The experiments were replicated three times. The World Health Organization tube test for all classes of insecticides was conducted on adult Anopheles arabiensis reared from field collected larvae and pupae. Data were analyzed using STATA software version 11.Results: In the first application, neem powder caused 88.9%, 87.9% and 79.4% larval and pupal mortality at 0.2, 0.1 and 0.05 g/m^2 after 4.3, 6.0 and 5.7 days, respectively. The corresponding killing effect of chinaberry was 80.3%, 62.1% and 30.3% after 7.0, 7.7 and 8.3days respectively. Bti at all treatments killed 100% after 24 h except 2.7 days for 0.05 g/m^2.Adult mosquitoes were susceptible only for fenitrothion and pirimiphos-methyl with 100%mortality while resistant to deltamethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, etofenprox and dichlorodiphenyl-tricgloroethane with only 9.0%, 3.0%, 5.1% and 2.0% mortalities respectively.Conclusions: Neem, chinaberry and Bti showed potent larvicidal and pupicidal activities. However, in the area, high level of mosquito resistance to pyrethroids and dichlorodiphenyl-tricgloroethane was seen which will pose serious challenge to vector control in the future. Therefore, using integrated approach including these botanical larvicides is warranted to manage insecticide resistance. | Assalif Demissew Meshesha Balkew Melaku Girma | 2016 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2016，6，7： | 2 |
| 4 | Woody plant diversity,structure and regeneration in the Ambo State Forest,South Gondar Zone,Northwest Ethiopia显示文摘For this study in the Ambo State Forest on woody plant diversity, structure and regeneration, 70 quadrats, each 25 m by 25 m, were selected using a systematic random sampling technique and intervals of 100 m along a transect line. For assessing seedlings and saplings,two 2 × 10 m sub quadrats were set upon opposite sides of each main quadrat. Data on species diversity, abundance,structure, basal area, density, frequency and regeneration status were collected and analyzed using standard procedures and programs. Of 58 woody plant species identified,69 % were trees, 16 % were shrubs, 12 % were tree/shrubs and 4 % were climbers. Fabaceae was the most speciesrich family comprising 17 species. The Shannon–Weiner diversity index was 2.73, and evenness was 0.67. The population structure in the cumulative diameter class frequency distribution revealed an interrupted and inverted J-shape with a very high decrease in higher diameter class.Acacia lahai(49 %) was the most important woody species with the highest importance value index. To maintain balanced structure, enhanced regeneration and protecting the forest from selective cutting are recommended. | Solomon Melaku Melese Belayneh Ayele | 2017 | Journal of Forestry Research2017，28，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Supplementation of cottonseed meal on feed intake, digestibility, live weight and carcass parameters of Si- dama goats 显示文摘 | SOLOMON M MELAKU S TOLERA A | 2008 | Livest Sci2008，，119： | 1 |
| 6 | Treatment outcomes of visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia from 2001 to 2017:a systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘Background:Ethiopia has the highest number of visceral leishmaniasis(VL)cases after Sudan in Sub-Saharan Africa.However,there was lack of comprehensive data on VL treatment outcome despite the huge burden of the diseases in the country.Hence,we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on this topic to obtain stronger evidence on treatment outcomes of VL from the existing literature in Ethiopia.Methods:The Cochrane guidelines to conduct meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis statement was used to conduct a computerized systematic search of the PubMed,Google Scholar,and ScienceDirect databases.Random effects model was used to combine studies showing heterogeneity of Cochrane Q P<0.10 and I2>50.Treatment outcomes were assessed at end of treatment and at 6 months follow-up.Subgroup analyses were performed on treatment outcomes based on the different antileishmanial treatment options and patients’HIV status.Results:Fifteen studies were included in the final analyses.At end of treatment,an overall treatment success rate of 82.6%was noticed.At 6 months follow-up,the overall treatment success rate was 72.2%.For patients treated with sodium stibogluconate(SSG),the treatment success rates at the end of treatment and at six-month follow-up were 81.5%and 80.7%,respectively.Multiple doses of liposomal-amphotericin B(L-AMB)had treatment success rates of 96.7 and 71-100%at the end of treatment and at 6 months follow-up,respectively.The combination of SSG with paromomycin(PM)gave treatment success rates of up to 90.1%at the end of treatment.HIV-infected individuals were found to have a higher mortality(odds ratio=4.77,95%CI:1.30-17.43,P=0.009)rate at 6 months follow-up.Conclusions:SSG alone has shown lower treatment efficacy in the management of VL when compared to combination of SSG with PM and multiple doses of L-AMB.The combination of SSG with PM gave good treatment success rates with shorter duration of treatment.Hence,the combination of SSG with PM should be used preferentially over SSG monotherapy.Multiple doses of L-AMB showed great efficacy especially among patients with complications,severe disease,HIV co-infection,and intolerance to the adverse effects of antimonials.HIVinfected individuals had a worse prognosis than their HIV-negative counterparts. | Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes Akshaya Srikanth Bhagvathula Tadesse Melaku Abegaz Mohammed Assen Seid | 2018 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2018，7，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Modeling the responses of the Lagoon of Venice ecosystem to variations in physical forcings显示文摘 | Melaku Canu D S Cosimo Umgiesser Georg | 2003 | Ecological Modelling2003，170，23： | 1 |
| 8 | Effect of stubble height and successive harvest on yield and quality of alfalfa forage in North Central Ethiopia显示文摘 | Seid A Tamir B Melaku S | 2005 | Tropic Science2005，45，： | 1 |
| 9 | High-resolution mapping of resistance to cassava mosaic geminiviruses in cassava using genotyping-by-sequencing and its implications for breeding显示文摘 | Ismail Y. Rabbi Martha T. Hamblin P. Lava Kumar Melaku A. Gedil Andrew S. Ikpan Jean-Luc Jannink Peter A. Kulakow | 2013 | Virus Research2013，，： | 1 |
| 10 | Supplementation of cottonseed meal on feed intake, digestibility, live weight and carcass parame- ters of Sidama goats显示文摘 | Solomon M Melaku S Tolera A | 2008 | Lives Sci2008，119，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Microbial nitrogen supply, nitrogen retention and rumen function in Menz sheep supplemented with dried leaves of multipurpose trees, their mixtures or wheat bran显示文摘 | Melaku S Peters K J Tegegne A | 2004 | Small Ruminant Research2004，52，12： | 1 |
| 12 | Hospital acquired infections among surgical,gynaecology and obstetrics patients in Felege-Hiwot referral hospital, Bahir Dar, northwest Ethio- pia显示文摘 | Melaku S Gebre Selassie S Damtie M | 2012 | Ethiop Med J2012，50，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Significance of HACCP and SSOP in Food Processing Establishments 显示文摘 | Mekonen Y M Melaku S K | 2014 | World Journal of Dairy & Food Sciences2014，9，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Microbial nitrogen supply,nitrogen retention and rumen function in Menz sheep supplemented with dried leaves of multipurpose trees,their mixtures or wheat bran显示文摘 | Melaku S Peters K J Tegegne A | 2004 | Small Ruminant Research2004，52，12： | 1 |
| 15 | Hospital acquired infections among surgical,gynaecology and obstetrics patients in Felege-Hiwotreferral hospital,Bahir Dar,northwest Ethiopia显示文摘 | Melaku S Gebre-Selassie S Damtie M | 2012 | Ethiop Med J2012，50，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Data Center Power System Stability-Part II: System Modeling and Analysis显示文摘This is the second part of a two-part paper on stability study of data center power systems by impedance-based methods.As the basis for this application,Part I[1]developed new impedance models for power supplies that are the most dominant loads in data centers.This second part presents system modeling and analysis methods that can support practical data center power system design to ensure stability.The proposed methods comprise:1)building distribution network modeling by impedance scaling;2)system modeling and model reduction based on equivalent source impedance;3)system stability analysis in the sequence domain to include zero-sequence dynamics;and 4)expansion of system models and analyses to account for network asymmetry and uneven loading.These methods are used to characterize practical resonance problems observed in data centers,explain their root causes,and develop solutions.For systems using Y-connected power supply units(PSUs),the zero sequence is identified as the weakest link and the first to become unstable.The expanded system model and analysis reveal a new,differential-mode instability that is responsible for high frequency resonances.To guarantee system stability,new impedance-based product and system design specifications are developed based on sufficient conditions derived from the Nyquist stability criterion.Laboratory and field measurements are presented to substantiate the proposed methods and conclusions. | Jian Sun Melaku Mihret Mauricio Cespedes David Wong Mike Kauffman | 2022 | CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems2022，8，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Clinical and radiological preva-lence of skeletal fluorosis among retired employees of Wonji-Shoa sug-ar estate in Ethiopia显示文摘 | Assefa G Shifera G Melaku Z | 2004 | East Afr Med J2004，81，12： | 1 |
| 18 | Determination of trace elements in agricultural soil samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: microwave acid digestion versus aqua regia extraction 显示文摘 | MELAKU S DAMS R MOENS L | 2005 | Analytica chim Tca Acta2005，543，12： | 1 |
| 19 | Seasonal variation of heavy metals in ambient air and Precipitation at a single site in Washington,DC显示文摘 | Samuel Melaku etal | 2008 | Environmental Pollution2008，155，： | 1 |
| 20 | Seasonal variation of heavy metals in ambient air and precipitation at a single site in Washington, DC 显示文摘 | Melaku S Morris V Raghavan D | 2008 | Environmental Pollution2008，155，1： | 1 |
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