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| 1 | Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade: obligatory contribution of IL-2 receptors and negative prognostic impact of soluble CD25显示文摘堵住抗体 ipilimumab 的细胞毒素的 T 淋巴细胞 antigen-4 (CTLA-4 ) 在很少的病人导致变形黑瘤的调停免疫者的长期的控制。尽管 ipilimumab 无疑经由 immunostimulation 施加它的治疗学的效果,这样远的临床上有用的、 immunologically 相关的 biomarkers 预言治疗效率是逃犯的。这里,我们显示出 IL-2 的那中立化或堵住 α并且 βIL-2 受体的子单元(CD25 和 CD122,分别地) 否则在现出症状之前的潜的老鼠模型由 CTLA-4 封锁导致了,废除了 antitumor 效果和 intratumoral T 受动器对规章的房间(Tregs ) 的比率的伴随的改进,它是。CTLA-4 封锁导致了在失去了 FoxP3 表示并且在 regressing 肿瘤积累了的 IL-2-producing 受动器房间与伴随物上升表示 Lag3, ICOS, IL-10 和 Egr2 的一个镇压 CD4 + T 房间子集的减小。当 recombinant IL-2 改进了 CTLA-4 封锁的治疗学的功效时,圈套 IL-2 受体 α(IL-2Rα, sCD25 ) 禁止了 CTLA-4 的 anticancer 效果封锁。在收到 ipilimumab 的 262 个变形黑瘤病人, sCD25 的基线浆液集中代表了全面幸存的独立指示物,与预言到治疗的抵抗的高水平。总的来说,这些结果解开为在 CTLA-4 的 anticancer 活动的 IL-2 和 IL-2 受体的一个角色封锁。重要地,我们的学习提供第一 immunologically 相关的 biomarker,也就是提高的浆液 sCD25,那与黑瘤在病人预言抵抗到 CTLA-4 封锁。 | Dalil Hannani Marie Vetizou David Enot Sylvie Rusakiewicz Nathalie Chaput David Klatzmann Melanie Desbois Nicolas Jacquelot Nadege Vimond Salem Chouaib Christine Mateus James P Allison Antoni Ribas Jedd D Wolchok Jianda Yuan Philip Wong Michael Postow Andrzej Mackiewicz Jacek Mackiewicz Dirk Schadendorff Dirk Jaeger Alan J Korman Keith Bahjat Michele Maio Luana Calabro Michele WL Teng Mark J Smyth Alexander Eggennont Caroline Robert Guido Kroemer Laurence Zitvogel | 2015 | Cell Research2015，25，2： | 14 |
| 2 | Gastroenterologist perceptions of faecal microbiota transplantation显示文摘AIM: To explore gastroenterologist perceptions towards and experience with faecal microbiota transplantation(FMT).METHODS: A questionnaire survey consisting of 17 questions was created to assess gastroenterologists' attitude towards and experience with FMT. This was anonymously distributed in hard copy format amongst attendees at gastroenterology meetings in Australia between October 2013 and April 2014. Basic descriptive statistical analyses were performed.RESULTS: Fifty-two clinicians participated. Twenty one percent had previously referred patients for FMT,8% more than once. Ninety percent would refer patients with Clostridium difficile infection(CDI) for FMT if easily available,37% for ulcerative colitis,13% for Crohn's disease and 6% for irritable bowel syndrome. Six percent would not refer any indication,including recurrent CDI. Eighty-six percent would enroll patients in FMT clinical trials. Thirty-seven percent considered the optimal mode of FMT administration transcolonoscopic,17% nasoduodenal,13% enema and 8% oral capsule. The greatest concerns regarding FMT were: 42% lack of evidence,12% infection risk,10% non infectious adverse effects/lack of safety data,10% aesthetic,10% lack of efficacy,4% disease exacerbation,and 2% inappropriate use; 6% had no concerns. Seventy seven percent believed there is a lack of accessibility while 52% had an interest in learning how to provide FMT. Only 6% offered FMT at their institution.CONCLUSION: Despite general enthusiasm,most gastroenterologists have limited experience with,or access to,FMT. The greatest concerns were lack of supportive evidence and safety issues. However a significant proportion would refer indications other than CDI for FMT despite insufficient evidence. These data provide guidance on where education and training are required. | Sudarshan Paramsothy Alissa J Walsh Thomas Borody Douglas Samuel Johan van den Bogaerde Rupert WL Leong Susan Connor Watson Ng Hazel M Mitchell Nadeem O Kaakoush Michael A Kamm | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，38： | 5 |
| 3 | Influence of Formalization on the Organizational Commitment and Work Alienation of Salespeople and Industry Buyers 显示文摘 | MICHAELS RE CRON WL DUBINSKY AJ | 1988 | Journal of Marketing Research1988，，25： | 1 |
| 4 | Generating surfaces of daily meteorological variables over large regions of complex terain 显示文摘 | Peter ET Steven WL Michael AW | 1997 | Journal of Hydrology1997，190，： | 1 |
| 5 | 卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作患者的卒中预防指南(续前)美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会为医疗卫生专业人员制定的指南显示文摘5非心源性栓塞性卒中或TIA的抗栓治疗
5.1抗血小板药
FDA已批准4种抗血小板药用于预防卒中或TIA患者的血管事件:阿司匹林、阿司匹林/双嘧达莫联合应用、氯吡格雷和噻氯匹定。平均而言,这些药物能使卒中、MI或死亡的船降低22%,但这些药物之间存在重要的差异,这会直接影响治疗的选择。 | 洪道俊 黄招君 李小兵 周美鸿 吴成斯 王博 卢艺 吴裕臣 Walter N. Kernan Bruce Ovbiagele Henry R. Black Dawn M. Bravata Marc I. Chimowitz Michael D. Ezekowitz Margaret C. Fang Marc Fisher Karen L. Furie Donald V. Heck S. Claiborne (Clay) Johnston Scott E. Kasner Steven J. Kittner Pamela H. Mitchell 2. .. Michael wl Rich DeJuran .Nchardson Lee H. Schwamm John A. Wilson | 2014 | 国际脑血管病杂志2014，22，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Value-based insurance design:Embracing value over cost alone显示文摘 | Fendrick AM Michael C Gary WL | 2009 | The American Journal of managed care2009，15，10： | 1 |
| 7 | Influence of formalization on the organizational commitment and work alienation of salespeople and industry buyers显示文摘 | CRON WL DUBINSKY AJ | 1988 | Journal of marketing research1988，25，： | 1 |
| 8 | Computational prediction of ~H and ~3C chemical shifts: a useful too! for natural product, mechanistic, and synthetic organic chemistry 显示文摘 | Michael WL Matthew RS Dean JT | 2012 | Chem Rev2012，112，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Chylous ascites following surgical treatment for wilms tumor 显示文摘 | Adam CW Bruce WL Michael L | 2003 | J Urol2003，170，42： | 1 |
| 10 | Human embryonic germ cell derivatives express a broad range of developmentally distinct markers and proliferate extensively in vitro显示文摘 | Michael JS Joyce A John WL | 2001 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2001，98，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Purpura in congenital and acquired rubella显示文摘 | Bayer WL Sherman FE Michaels RH | | 0，，： | 1 |
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