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| 1 | Methods, units and quality requirements for the analysis of haemoglobin A_(1c) in diabetes mellitus显示文摘The formation of glycohemoglobin, especially the hemoglobin A1c(Hb_(A1c)) fraction, occurs when glucose becomes coupled with the amino acid valine in the β-chain of Hb; this reaction is dependent on the plasma concentration of glucose. Since the early 1970 s it has been known that diabetics display higher values of Hb_(A1c) because they have elevated blood glucose concentrations. Thus Hb_(A1c) has acquired a very important role in the treatment and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. After the introduction of the first quantitative measurement of Hb_(A1c), numerous methods for glycohemoglobin have been introduced with different assay principles: From a simple minicolumn technique to the very accurate automated highpressure chromatography and lastly to many automated immunochemical or enzymatic assays. In early days, the results of the quality control reports for Hb_(A1c) varied extensively between laboratories, therefore in United States and Canada working groups(WG) of the Diabetes Controls and Complications Trial(DCCT) were set up to standardize the Hb_(A1c) assays against the DCCT/National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program reference method based on liquid chromatography. In the 1990 s, the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine(IFCC) appointed a new WG to plan a reference preparation and method for the Hb_(A1c) measurement. When the reference procedureswere established, in 2004 IFCC recommended that all manufacturers for equipment used in Hb_(A1c) assays should calibrate their methods to their proposals. This led to an improvement in the coefficient of variation(CV%) associated with the assay. In this review, we describe the glycation of Hb, methods, standardization of the Hb_(A1c) assays, analytical problems, problems with the units in which Hb_(A1c) values are expressed, reference values, quality control aspects, target requirements for Hb_(A1c), and the relationship of the plasma glucose values to Hb_(A1c) concentrations. We also note that the acceptance of the mmol/mol system for Hb_(A1c) as recommended by IFCC, i.e., the new unit and reference ranges, are becoming only slowly accepted outside of Europe where it seems that expressing Hb_(A1c) values either only in per cent units or with parallel reporting of percent and mmol/mol will continue. We believe that these issues should be resolved in the future and that it would avoid confusion if mmol/mol unit for Hb_(A1c) were to gain worldwide acceptance. | Ilkka Penttil? Karri Penttil? P?ivi Holm Harri Laitinen P?ivi Ranta Jukka T?rr?nen Rainer Rauramaa | 2016 | World Journal of Methodology2016，6，2： | 3 |
| 2 | CD99and CD 106(VCAM-1)in human testis显示文摘Aim:The expression of the cytokines Il-2,IL-6,IL-10,IFN-γ and TNF-α and the adhesion proteins CD99 and CD106 was studied in the human testis at the protein level.Methods:The expression of the cytokines and the adhesion proteins was assessed using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting.Results:None of the cytokines studied was present in the human testis,but CD99 and CD106(VCAM-1) strongly were expressed in all the testes investigated.CD99 was present in the interstitial tissue of the human testis as well as in the Sertoli cells.The identity of the CD99+ interstitial cells is unclear.CD106(VCAM-1) was present in Leydig cells as well as the basal parts of the Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules.In immunoblotting,CD99 was demonstrated at molecular ratios of 46-57(kD).This is a novel isoform of the molecule.Conclusion:The human testis produces both CD99 and CD106 and as CD106 mediates cell binding to lymphocytes,it is possible that the human Leydig cells adhere to lymphocytes like the rodent Leydig cells. | E. Verjnkorva M. Laato P. Pllnen | 2002 | Asian Journal of Andrology2002，4，4： | 3 |
| 3 | Human Papillomavirus DNA Is Found in the Vas Deferens显示文摘 | Rintala MA P?ll?nen PP Nikkanen VP | 2002 | J Infect Dis2002，185，11： | 1 |
| 4 | Role of red meat and arachidonic acid in protein kinase C activation in rat colonic mucosa显示文摘 | Pajari AM H kk nen P Duan RD | 1998 | Nutr Cancer1998，32，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Wood-derived estrogens: Studies in vitro with breast cancer cell and in vivo introut 显示文摘 | Mellanen P Petnen T Lehtimki J | 1996 | Toxicol Appl Pharmacol1996，136，： | 1 |
| 6 | Simple end-to-end suture versus augmented repair in acute Achil es tendon ruptures:a retrospective comparison in 98 patients显示文摘 | Nyyss?nen T Saarikoshi H Kaukomen P | | 0，，02： | 1 |
| 7 | Epithelial cell response to challenge of bacterial lipoteichoic acids and lipopolysaccharides in vitro显示文摘 | P(o)ll(a)nen MT Salonen JI Grenier D | 2000 | J Med Microbiol2000，49，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Bone transport techniques in posttrau-matic bone defects显示文摘 | Rigal S Merloz P Le Nen D | 2012 | Orthop TraumatoJ Surg Res2012，1，： | 1 |
| 9 | On the growth of nucleation mode particles:source rates of condensable vapor in polluted and clean environments 显示文摘 | Kulmala M Pet?j? T M?nkk?nen P | 2005 | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics2005，5，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Comparison of commer- cial solid-phase extraction sorbents for the sample prepara- tion of potato glycoalkaloids显示文摘 | Vaa'na'nen T Kuronen P Pehu E | 2000 | J Chromatogr A2000，869，： | 1 |
| 11 | Metabolic flux analysis of xylose metabolism in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae using continuous culture显示文摘 | Pitk?nen J P Aristidou A Salusj?rvi L | 2003 | Metabolic Engineering2003，5，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Utilisation of a multitubular reactor system for parallel screening of catalysts for ring opening of decalin in continuous mode显示文摘 | Kalle Arve P?ivi M?ki-Arvela Kari Er?nen Marja Tiitta Tapio Salmi Dmitry Yu. Murzin | 2014 | Chemical Engineering Journal2014，，： | 1 |
| 13 | A Tentative Model of the Volume of Trade between Countries显示文摘 | Pδyhδnen P | 1963 | Weltwirtschaftiliches Archive1963，，90： | 1 |
| 14 | Human fetal cardiac function during the first trimester of pregnancy显示文摘 | M?kikallio K Jouppila P R?s?nen J | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 15 | Surgical treatment of unstable fractures of the distal clavicle:a comparative study of Kirschner wire and clavicular hook plate fixation显示文摘 | Flinkkil(a) T Ristiniemi J Hyv(o)nen P | 2002 | Acta Orthop Scand2002，73，1： | 1 |
| 16 | The mismatch negativity (MMN) in basic research of central auditory processing: a review显示文摘 | N??t?nen R Paavilainen P Rinne T | 2007 | Clin Neuroph2007，118，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Formaldehyde in cultivated mushrooms: a negligible risk for the consumer显示文摘 | Claeys Vleminckx C Dubois A Huyghebaert A Hofte M Dae- nens P Schiffers B | 2009 | Food Additives and Contami- nants2009，26，9： | 1 |
| 18 | Surgical or Nonoperative Treatment for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis?: A Randomized Controlled Trial显示文摘 | Antti Malmivaara P?r Sl?tis Markku Heli?vaara P?ivi Sainio Heikki Kinnunen Jyrki Kankare Nina Dalin-Hirvonen Seppo Seitsalo Arto Herno Pirkko Kortekangas Timo Niinim?ki Hannu R?nty Kaj Tallroth Veli Turunen Paul Knekt Tommi H?rk?nen Heikki Hurri | 2007 | Spine2007，，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Quantitative comparison of growth-associated protein-43 and substance P in ulcerative colitis显示文摘 | Vento P Kiviluoto T Ker(a)nen U | 2001 | J Histochem Cytochem2001，49，： | 1 |
| 20 | Analysing temperature response of decomposition of organic matter显示文摘 | Hyv(o)nen R (A)gren G I Dalias P | 2005 | Global Change Biology2005，11，： | 1 |
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