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| 1 | GRADE指南:Ⅰ.导论--GRADE证据概要表和结果总结表显示文摘本文是GRADE(Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation)系列文章的导论。该系列文章为使用GRADE系统提供指导,介绍如何将该系统用于系统评价、卫生技术评估(HTAs)及临床实践指南中备选方案的证据质量评价和推荐强度评级。GRADE方法始于提出一个明晰的问题,包括对所有重要结果的详细说明。证据被收集和汇总后,GRADE提供了明确的标准来评价其质量,包括研究设计、偏倚风险、不精确性、不一致性、间接性及效应量大小。根据支撑证据质量及备选方案带来的预期和非预期结果间的平衡情况,推荐强度以强/弱(或表述为'有条件的'/'任意的')作为特征。GRADE建议用简洁、透明、信息量丰富的结果总结表来汇总证据(以显示证据质量及每一重要结果的相对效应量和绝对效应量),和(或)以证据概要表形式额外提供证据质量评价理由的详细信息。本系列的后续文章涉及如何采用GRADE方法明确构建问题、评价证据质量及形成推荐意见。 | Gordon Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Elie Akl Regina Kunz Gunn Vist Jan Brozek Susan Norris Yngve Falck-Ytter Paul Glasziou Hans deBeer Roman Jaeschke David Rind Joerg Meerpohl Philipp Dahm Holger J.Schünemann GRADE工作组 李幼平 杨晓妍 蒋兰慧 沈建通 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，4： | 205 |
| 2 | GRADE指南:Ⅲ.证据质量分级显示文摘本文介绍证据质量分级的GRADE方法。GRADE将证据质量分为高、中、低和极低四个级别。该分级应用于证据群,而非针对个别研究。系统评价中,质量反映了我们认为效应估计值正确的把握度。对推荐意见而言,质量反映了我们认为效应估计值足以支持某特定推荐的把握度。随机对照试验初定为高质量证据,观察性研究初定为低质量证据。GRADE中所使用的质量一词不只是意味着偏倚风险,还可能受研究结果的不精确性、不一致性和间接性,及发表偏倚的影响。此外,若干因素可增加我们对效应估计值的把握度。GRADE提供了一种系统方法来思考并报告各因素。GRADE将评估证据质量的过程与给出推荐建议的过程分开。推荐强度的判断不仅依赖于证据质量。 | Howard Balshem Mark Helfanda Holger J.Schunemann Andrew D.Oxman Regina Kunz Jan Brozek Gunn E.Vist Yngve Falck-Ytter Joerg Meerpohl Susan Norris Gordon H.Guyatt GRADE工作组 李幼平 杨晓妍 高霑 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，4： | 128 |
| 3 | GRADE指南:Ⅶ.证据质量评价--不一致性显示文摘本文针对二分类变量结局指标相对(而非绝对)治疗效果的不一致性。证据本身不会因不同研究结果具有一致性而升级,但可能因不一致而降低质量级别。衡量一致性的标准包括点估计值的相似性、可信区间的重叠程度以及统计学判定标准包括异质性检验和I2。系统评价作者应提出并检验少数几个与患者、干预措施、结局指标以及方法学相关的先验假设以探寻异质性来源。当不一致性很大且无法解释时,因不一致性而降低质量级别是恰当的,特别当某些研究显示有显著益处而其他显示无益甚至有害时(而非仅是疗效大与疗效小的比较)。明显的亚组效应可能不可靠。如果亚组效应满足以下条件,其可信度将会增加:基于少数几个有具体方向的先验假设、亚组比较来自研究内而非研究间、交互检验的P值小、结果有生物学意义。 | Gordon H.Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Regina Kunz James Woodcock Jan Brozek Mark Helfand Pablo Alonso-Coello Paul Glasziou Roman Jaeschke Elie A.Akl Susan Norris Gunn Vist Philipp Dahm Vijay K.Shukla Julian Higgins Yngve Falck-Ytter Holger J.Schünemann 代表GRADE小组 李幼平 杨晓妍 王莉 蔡羽嘉 陈群飞 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，12： | 33 |
| 4 | GRADE指南:Ⅷ.证据质量评价--间接性显示文摘直接证据来自直接比较我们关注的干预措施用于我们关注的患者人群,并测量患者重要结局的研究。间接证据可由以下4种方式之一产生。第一,患者可能与我们关注的患者不同(适用性一词常用于这类间接性)。第二,所检验的干预措施可能与我们关注的干预措施不同。有关患者和干预措施间接性的决策取决于对生物或社会因素差异是否大到可能使效应尺度出现预期的较大差异的考虑。第三,结果可能有别于最初设定的结局指标——如替代结果本身不重要,但测量之是基于替代结果的变化反映患者重要结局变化这一假设。第四类间接性在概念上与前三类不同,发生于临床医生必须在未经直接比较的两种干预措施间做出选择时。这种情况下比较治疗方案需要特定的统计方法,并根据患者人群、联合干预措施、结局测量指标及备选干预措施试验方法的差异程度,将证据级别降低1或2级。 | Gordon Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Regina Kunz James Woodcock Jan Brozek Mark Helfand Pablo Alonso-Coello Yngve Falck-Ytter Roman Jaeschke Gunn Vist Elie A.Akl Piet N Post Susan Norris Joerg Meerpohl Mona Nasser 代表GRADE工作组 李幼平 杨晓妍 李鸿浩 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，12： | 30 |
| 5 | 指南2.0:为成功制定指南而系统研发的全面清单显示文摘背景虽然当前已有一些评估卫生保健指南可靠性的工具,但仍缺乏针对制定指南实际步骤的指导。针对指南制定者们所需考虑的相关资源和工具,我们系统研发了一份全面的条目清单,但这并不意味着每篇指南都需遵守该清单的所有条目。方法我们检索了国际指南制定机构的指南制定手册、指南的指南(主要是来自国际和国家机构以及专业学会的方法学报告),以及提供系统指导的最新文章。经过反复评价这些资料,尽可能全面地罗列和提取条目,并制定与指南有关的重要主题。通过反复讨论,我们对条目进行评价以去重和补漏,同时邀请指南制定专家对所增加的条目进行修改并提出建议。结果我们制定了一份包含18个主题、146个条目的清单,并建立了帮助指南制定者应用这些条目的网站。这些主题和条目涵盖了指南从规划、完成、实施和评估的全过程。最终的清单版本也包括了培训所需的资料以及应用这些条目时用到的方法学参考文献的链接。解释本清单将提供给指南制定者用作参考。仔细考虑清单中的条目将有助于指南的制定、实施和评估,我们也将会通过大众反馈来修订并持续更新清单。 | Holger J. Schunemann Wojtek Wiercioch Itziar Etxeandia Maicon Falavigna Nancy Santesso Reem Mustafa Matthew Ventresca Romina Brignardello-petersen] Kaja-Triin Laisaar Sergio Kowalski Tejan Baldeh Yuan Zhang Uiia Raid Ignacio Neumann Susan L. Norris Judith Thornton Robin Harbour Shaun Treweek Gordon Guyatt Pablo Alonso-Coello Marge Reinap Jan Brozek Andrew Oxman Elie A. Akl | 2014 | 中国循证医学杂志2014，14，9： | 26 |
| 6 | GRADE指南:Ⅸ.证据质量升级显示文摘证据质量升级的最常见原因是效应量大。当方法学严谨的观察性研究表明风险至少降低或增加2倍时,GRADE建议考虑将证据质量升高1级;当风险至少降低或增加5倍时,考虑将证据质量升高2级。当存在剂量-反应关系,或所有合理的混杂、偏倚会降低明显的治疗效应,或混杂、偏倚使得结果无效为假效应时,系统评价作者和指南制定者也可考虑升高证据质量。其他考虑因素包括起效迅速、潜在的疾病(状态)趋势以及间接证据。 | Gordon H.Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Shahnaz Sultan Paul Glasziou Elie A.Akl Pablo Alonso-Coello David Atkins Regina Kunz Jan Brozek Victor Montori Roman Jaeschke David Rind Philipp Dahm Joerg Meerpohl Gunn Vist Elise Berliner Susan Norris Yngve Falck-Ytter M.Hassan Murad Holger J.Schünemann 代表GRADE工作组 李幼平 杨晓妍 李玲 王应强 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，12： | 22 |
| 7 | Crying Wolf: An Examination and Reconsideration of the Perception of Crisis in LIS Education 显示文摘 | Dillon Andrew and Norris April | 2005 | Journal of Education for Library and Information Science2005，46，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Analysis of gene expression in pathophysiological states:Balancing false discovery and false negative rates显示文摘 | Andrew W Norris C Kahn R | 2006 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2006，103，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in US donor human milk:meeting the needs of premature infants?显示文摘 | Baack ML Andrew W Norris J | 2012 | J Perinatol2012，32，8： | 1 |
| 10 | New Partnerships for Co-delivery of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development显示文摘Partnerships have become a comer stone of contemporary research that recognizes working across disciplines and co-production with intended users as essential to enabling sustainable resilience-building.Furthermore,research that addresses sustainable development challenges brings an urgent need to reflect on the ways that partnerships are supported,and for the disaster risk management and resilience communities,efforts to support realization of the wider 2030 Agenda for sustainable development bring particular pressures.In November 2019,the UK Disasters Research Group(DRG)brought together a number of key stakeholders focused on disaster risk,resilience,and sustainability research relevant to Official DevelopmeAssistance to consider how fit for purpose existing partnership models are for the pace of change required to deliver the priorities of the wider 2030 Agenda.Participants were invited to discuss how research partnerships across three levels(individual and project-based;national and institutional;and international)could be improved based on elements that facilitate robust partnerships and learning from aspects that hinder them.From the discussions,participanls emphasized the importance of effective communication mechanisms in building partnerships,co-designing projects,and establishing shared objectives.Enhanced approaches to addressing equitable partnerships and funding more substantive timelines will be key to responding to the challenges of the 2030 Agenda. | Adrian Bucher Andrew Collins Ben Heaven Taylor David Pan Emma Visman James Norris Joel CGill John Rees Mark Felling Marta Tufet Bayona Sonia Cassidy Virginia Murray | 2020 | International Journal of Disaster Risk Science2020，11，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Prevalence of CKD and Comorbid Illness in Elderly Patients in the United States: Results From the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP)显示文摘 | Lesley A. Stevens Suying Li Changchun Wang Cindy Huang Bryan N. Becker Andrew S. Bomback Wendy Weinstock Brown Nilka Ríos Burrows Claudine T. Jurkovitz Samy I. McFarlane Keith C. Norris Michael Shlipak Adam T. Whaley-Connell Shu-Cheng Chen George L. Bakri | 2010 | American Journal of Kidney Diseases2010，，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Mitoxantrone Targets Human Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 11 (USP11) and Is a Potent Inhibitor of Pancreatic Cancer Cell Survival显示文摘 | Richard A. Burkhart Yu Peng Zo? A. Norris Renée M. Tholey Vanessa A. Talbott Qin Liang Yongxing Ai Kathy Miller Shruti Lal Joseph A. Cozzitorto Agnieska K. Witkiewicz Charles J. Yeo Matthew Gehrmann Andrew Napper Jordan M. Winter Janet A. Sawicki Zhihao Z | 2013 | Molecular Cancer Research2013，，8： | 1 |
| 13 | Trans-Gulf of Mexico loop migration of tree swallows revealed by solar geolocation显示文摘Between 2011-2013,Zoological Research has released 3 special issues on Primates and Animal Models of Human Diseases.Now,after a year of preparation,we are pleased to release this fourth special issue.In this issue,we compiled12 review,research articles and letters to the editor,each examining different aspects of scientific and medical research using non-primates as an animal model,with a special emphasis on recent developments in genetic,virological,behavioristic and methodological studies. | David W. BRADLEY Robert G. CLARK Peter O. DUNN Andrew J. LAUGHLIN Caz M. TAYLOR Carol VLECK Linda A. WHITTINGHAM David W. WINKLER D. Ryan NORRIS | 2014 | Current Zoology2014，60，5： | 1 |
| 14 | GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence显示文摘 | Howard Balshem Mark Helfand Holger J. Schünemann Andrew D. Oxman Regina Kunz Jan Brozek Gunn E. Vist Yngve Falck-Ytter Joerg Meerpohl Susan Norris Gordon H. Guyatt | 2011 | Journal of Clinical Epidemiology2011，，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Design,synthesis,and bioactivity of simplified paclitaxel analogs based on the T-taxol bioactive conformation显示文摘 | Norris Andrew Shubhada | 2006 | Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry2006，14，： | 1 |
| 16 | GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction—GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables显示文摘 | Gordon Guyatt Andrew D. Oxman Elie A. Akl Regina Kunz Gunn Vist Jan Brozek Susan Norris Yngve Falck-Ytter Paul Glasziou Hans deBeer Roman Jaeschke David Rind Joerg Meerpohl Philipp Dahm Holger J. Schünemann | 2011 | Journal of Clinical Epidemiology2011，，4： | 1 |
| 17 | GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence显示文摘 | Howard Balshem Mark Helfand Holger J. Schünemann Andrew D. Oxman Regina Kunz Jan Brozek Gunn E. Vist Yngve Falck-Ytter Joerg Meerpohl Susan Norris Gordon H. Guyatt | 2011 | Journal of Clinical Epidemiology2011，，4： | 1 |
| 18 | HLA class I allelic diversity and progression of fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C显示文摘 | Keyur Patel Suzanne Norris Lauralynn Lebeck Anne Feng Michael Clare Stephen Pianko Bernard Portmann Lawrence M. Blatt James Koziol Andrew Conrad John G. McHutchison | 2006 | Hepatology2006，，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Cardiac fibrosis in mice with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is mediated by non-myocyte proliferation and requires Tgf-[Beta]显示文摘 | Teekakirikul Polakit Eminaga Seda Toka Okan Alcalai Ronny Wang Libin Wakimoto Hiroko Nayor Matthew Konno Tetsuo Gorham Joshua M Wolf Cordula M Kim Jae B Schmitt Joachim P Molkentin Jefferey D Norris Russell A Tager Andrew M Hoffman Stanley | 2010 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2010，，10： | 1 |
| 20 | Progesterone for the prevention of preterm birth in twin pregnancy (STOPPIT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study and meta-analysis显示文摘 | Jane E Norman Fiona Mackenzie Philip Owen Helen Mactier Kevin Hanretty Sarah Cooper Andrew Calder Gary Mires Peter Danielian Stephen Sturgiss Graeme MacLennan Graham Tydeman Steven Thornton Bill Martin James G Thornton James P Neilson John Norrie | 2009 | The Lancet2009，，9680： | 1 |
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