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| 1 | Mesozoic subduction-accretion zone in northeastern South China Sea inferred from geophysical interpretations显示文摘A segment of Mesozoic subduction-accretion zone was inferred across the northeastern South China Sea at approximately NE45° orientation. Basic evidence includes the following: A belt of peek gross horizontal Bouguer gravity gradient (PGHGBA) is comparable in size and intensity to that of the Manila subduction-accretion zone. A belt of high positive magnetic anomalies appears to the north and sub-parallel to the PGHGBA, representing the volcanic arc associated to the subduction zone. The PGHGBA crosses obliquely both Cenozoic structures and present seafloor topography, indicating a pre-Cenozoic age. The segment is offset left-laterally by NW-running strike-slip faults, in concord with the Mesozoic stress field of South China. In addition, the existence of the subduction zone is supported by wide-angle seismic data obtained in different years by different institutions. At approximate localities, a north-dipping ramp of Moho surface is indicated by records of ocean-bottom seismometers, and a strong reflector about 8 km beneath the Moho reflector is indicated by both OBS and long-cable seismic records. The identification of a segment of Mesozoic subduction zone in NE South China Sea fills nicely the gap of the Great Late Mesozoic Circum SE Asia Subduction-acrretion Zone, which extended from Sumatra, Java, SE Kalimantan to N Palawan, and from Taiwan, Ryukyu to SW Japan. | ZHOU Di1, WANG Wanyin2, WANG Jialin3, PANG Xiong4, CAI Dongsheng5 & SUN Zhen1 1. Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guang- zhou 510301, China 2. College of Geological and Topographical Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China 3. Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China 4. China National Offshore Oil Co. Limited – Shenzhen Branch, Shenzhen 518067, China 5. China National Offshore Oil Co. Limited – Research Center, Beijing 100027, China | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，5： | 52 |
| 2 | Research on the dynamics of the South China Sea opening:Evidence from analogue modeling显示文摘Independent of Indochina extrusion, the South China Sea experienced a process from passive continental rifting to marginal sea drifting. According to the fault patterns in the Beibu Gulf basin and the Pearl River Mouth basin, the continental rifting and early spreading stage from 32 to 26 Ma were controlled by extensional stress field, which shifted clockwise from southeastward to south southeastward. From 24 Ma on, the sea spread in NW-SE direction and ceased spreading at around 15.5 Ma. Integrated geological information with the assumption that the South China Sea developed along a pre-Cenozoic weakness zone, we did analogue experiments on the South China Sea evolu- tion. Experiments revealed that the pre-existing weakness zone goes roughly along the uplift zone between the present Zhu-1 and Zhu-2 depression. The pre-existing weakness zone is composed of three segments trending NNE, roughly EW and NEE, respectively. The early opening of the South China Sea is accompanied with roughly 15° clockwise rotation, while the SE sub-sea basin opened with SE extension. Tinjar fault was the western boundary of the Nansha block (Dangerous Ground), while Lupar fault was the eastern boundary of the Indochina, NW-trending rift belt known as Zengmu basin developed between above two faults due to block divergent of Indochina from Nansha. In the experiment, transtensional flower structures along NW-trending faults are seen, and slight inversion occurs along some NE-dipping faults. The existence of rigid massifs changed the orientations of some faults and rift belt, and also led to deformation concentrate around the massifs. The rifting and drifting of the South China Sea might be caused by slab pull from the proto South China Sea subducting toward Borneo and/or mantle flow caused by India-Asia collision. | SUN Zhen1,2, ZHOU Di1, ZHONG Zhihong3, XIA Bin2, QIU Xuelin1, ZENG Zuoxun4 & JIANG Jianqun5 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China 2. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China 3. Department of Technology, Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC, Guangzhou 510240, China 4. Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China 5. Hainan Oil & Gas Exploration Company, Liaohe Oilfield PetroChina, Panjin 124010, China | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，10： | 45 |
| 3 | Discovery of seep carbonate nodules as new evidence for gas venting on the northern continental slope of South China Sea显示文摘Seep carbonate nodules were firstlycollected from the southwestern Dongsha area onnorthern continental slope of South China Sea formineralogical and geochemical studies. The resultsof X-ray diffraction show that carbonate nodules arecomposed of Fe-rich domolite,siderite and a few cal-cite and aragonite, as well as a small quantity ofnon-carbonate minerals such as goethite, quartz andclay minerals. Fe-rich dolomite and siderite charac-terized by euhedral microcrystalline structure weredirectly precipitated at cold seeps. The δ 13C valuesfor Fe-rich dolomite and siderite in the bulk nodulesvary from ?18.24‰ to ?36.07‰, and the δ 18O valuesrange from 0.42 to 2.76‰. Their moderate depleted13C reflects that carbon origin is possibly thermoge- netic gas or mixed gas, which is evidence of gasventings in the seafloor. Moreover, massive wormtube fossils related to cold seeps were found on thesurfaces of carbonate nodules, and the conduitsand/or channels in semi-solidified nodules whichwere not filled by carbonate or sediment were alsoobserved. A preliminary conclusion is that activemicro gas venting with a conduit/channel diameterrange from 200 μm to 600 μm possibly exists inmodern seafloor of the carbonate nodule area. | CHEN Zhong1,2,3, YAN Wen1,2,3, CHEN Muhong1,3, WANG Shuhong1,2,3, LU Jun1,3, ZHANG Fan1,3, XIANG Rong1,3, XIAO Shangbin1,3, YAN Pin1,2,3 & GU Senchang1,2,3 1. South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sci-ences, Guangzhou 510301, China 2. Guangzhou Center for Gas Hydrate Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China 3. Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology and Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China | 2006 | Chinese Science Bulletin2006，51，10： | 30 |
| 4 | The pathway of the interdecadal variability in the Pacific Ocean显示文摘Cases of the interdecadal variability in the Pacific Ocean and their evolution were examined in the paper with the statistic methods (CEOF and composite analysis) over the period of 1950-1993. Observations of oceanic temperatures in the upper 400 m revealed an obvious region of the interdecadal signals in the central North Pacific. Such signals propagated south westward, then subducted to the subtropics. The hypothesized link for interdecadal oceanic variability between the subtropics and the tropics, especially with the western tropical Pacific was unraveled in order to detect the cause of decadal signals in the tropics. The thermal anomalies subducted in the central North Pacific east to the dateline only reach 18°N. There has been no further southward propagation since then due to a certain barrier. The origin of the interdecadal signals in the western tropical Pacific was traced to the southern tropical Pacific. There is a meridional pathway around the dateline where the signals were loaded. | WANG Dongxiao & LIU Zhengyu1. South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China 2. Department of Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Wang Dongxiao | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，17： | 24 |
| 5 | Regional patterns of particulate spectral absorption in the Pearl River estuary显示文摘Spectral absorption coefficients of the total particulate, ap(l ), nonalgal particulate, ad(l ), and phyto-plankton pigment, aph(l ), in the Pearl River estuary and its vicinity waters were determined using the quantitative filter technique. The particulate absorption ap(443) ranged from 0.04 to 1.82 m-1, with the corresponding aph(443) ranging from 0.016 to 0.484 m-1. Two typical spectral patterns are found for the total particulate absorption. For the first typi-cal spectral pattern, the total particulate absorption spectra are similar to that of nonalgal particulate, with values of absorption coefficient decreasing with wavelength. In con-trast, for the second spectral pattern the spectral absorptions by total particulate are very similar to that of phytoplankton pigment. The spectral dependency of absorption by nonalgal particulate follows an exponential increase toward short wavelengths, with an average slope of 0.012±0.002 nm-1. The nonalgal absorption and the fraction of the nonalgal particulate absorption to the total particulate absorption exhibit a distinct trend of decreasing with salinity of the sur-face water. Phytoplankton pigment absorption exhibits a clear trend of increasing nonlinearly with chlorophyll a con-centration. The relationships between the phytoplankton pigment absorption and chlorophyll a concentration can be described by power law, with the determination coefficient r2 of 0.82. But only weak relationships between ap(l ) and chlorophyll a concentration are observed, with the determination coefficient r2 of 0.42. The relatively large scatter around ap(443) versus chl-a relationship would be attributed to the effects of loading of the nonalgal particulate absorption. Our analysis indicated that such relationships similar to that for Case Ⅰ waters can be applicable to optically complex Case Ⅱ waters if the effects caused by nonalgal are corrected. The chlorophyll-specific absorption coefficients of phytoplankton pigment are not constant, it increases with decreasing chlorophyll a level. To improve the accuracy of bio-optical algorithms for remote sensing in coastal waters, further investigations on the variations of specific absorption of chlorophyll pigment must be made. | CAO Wenxi, YANG Yuezhong, XU Xiaoqiang, HUANG Liangmin & ZHANG Jianlin LED Laboratory, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China Correspondence should be addressed to Cao Wenxi (e-mail: wxcao@ scsio.ac.cn) | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，21： | 24 |
| 6 | New progress of lake sediments and environmental changes research in China显示文摘Environmental change recorded by lake sediments is one of the important branches of the past global changes study. The new progress of lake sediments and environmental changes in China since the late 1980s has been comprehensively discussed. The highlights emphasized are Asian paleomonsoon migration reflected by lake level fluctuation, uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau recorded by lacustrine sediments, saltlake sediments and | WANG Sumin and ZHANG ZhenkeLaboratory of Lake Sediment and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008, China Department of Geography and Oceanology, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，19： | 22 |
| 7 | Timing of Holocene sea-level highstands by mass spectro-metric U-series ages of a coral reef from Leizhou Peninsula, South China Sea显示文摘Systematic mass spectrometric 230Th ages are reported for a Ponies coral reef terrace from Dengloujiao, Leizhou Peninsula, South China Sea. Seven episodes of coral growth were recognized in this terrace: 7125±96, 6764±29, 5826±37, 5006±54, 2543±24, 1915±15, and 1513±22 calendar years before present (cal. aBP). 50% of the coral age popula-tion fall between 7200 and 6600 cal. aBP, marking post-glacial stabilization of global sea level. Considering the facts that (i) Dengloujiao reef flat was measured at 1.6-2.5 m above modern tidal datum plane; (ii) modern Parties corals in the South China Sea are living at least ~1 m below the modern tidal datum plane; (iii) the top 20-30 cm of the reef was eroded; and (iv) crustal subsidence in the region since mid-Holocene was negligible, we conclude that the above age groups record at least two major periods (7200-5000 and 2500-1500 cal. aBP) of high sea-level at least 2.9-3.8 m above the present-day level. | ZHAO Jianxin & YU KefuDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia (e-mail: j.zhao@earth.uq.edu.au) South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 501301, China (e-mail: kefuyu@scsi | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，4： | 18 |
| 8 | Assessment of coral bleaching using symbiotic zooxanthellae density and satellite remote sensing data in the Nansha Islands,South China Sea显示文摘Coral bleaching,characterized by a significant loss of symbiotic zooxanthellae,is the primary cause of mass coral mortality and reef degradation throughout the world.The characteristics,processes,and resistance of corals to bleaching varies significantly and is dependent on environmental conditions.We documented a mass coral bleaching event in June 2007 at the Meiji and Zhubi Reefs,Nansha Islands (NS),South China Sea using ecological surveys and measurement of coral zooxanthellae density and sea surface temperatures (SST).More than 35 species of corals (between 0-20 m in depth) were bleached.These bleached corals accounted for 15.6% of total corals in the investigated quadrats.The branching corals Pocillopora and Acropora were the most vulnerable species whereas the massive corals Porites and Favia were more tolerant of the high SSTs.Surprisingly,we found no evidence of bleaching in Agariciidae corals suggesting that this family is resistant to thermal stresses.The bleached corals had lost 72%-90% of their symbiotic zooxanthellae.Furthermore,corals that had no visual signs of bleaching had also lost 31%-53% of their zooxanthellae suggesting that most corals were experiencing the early stage of bleaching.The monthly mean SST during June 2007 was 30.8°C,the highest since 1998.Based on measurements of SST and the Hotspots and DHW data (NOAA),we conclude that it the extremely high SSTs triggered this coral bleaching event.Our results suggest that the previously accepted temperature thresholds used to predict coral bleaching based on satellite data are likely to underestimate the extent and intensity of coral bleaching,at least in the NS. | LI Shu,YU KeFu,CHEN TianRan,SHI Qi & ZHANG HuiLing CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301,China | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，10： | 15 |
| 9 | Enrichment mechanisms of rare earth elements in marine hydrogenic ferromanganese crusts显示文摘A series of selective extraction experiments were conducted on marine hydrogenic ferromanganese crusts from the seamount near the Line Island to investigate the distribution of rare earth elements(REEs) and the mechanisms of combination between REEs and the hydrogenic ferromanganese crusts.The enrichment of REEs in hydrogenic ferromanganese crusts is attributed mainly to the mineral or oxide/hydroxide of the crust rather than the growth environment.The REEs are present mainly in amorphous ferric oxide/hydroxide rather than in δ-MnO2.Amorphous ferric oxide/hydroxide preferentially combines free REE3+,while δ-MnO2 combines the REE-carbonate complexes in modern seawater.The REEs in seawater are combined more strongly with amorphous ferric oxide/hydroxides than with δ-MnO2.The positive Ce anomaly in hydrogenic ferromanganese crusts results from the oxidation of soluble Ce3+ to insoluble Ce4+ by the actively soluble oxygen of the bottom current rather than by the oxidation of δ-MnO2. | JIANG XueJun1,2,LIN XueHui1,2,YAO De3,4 & GUO WeiDong5 1 Key Laboratory of Marine Oil and Gas Resources and Marine Environment,Ministry of Land and Resources,Qingdao 266071,China 2 Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology,China Geological Survey,Qingdao 266071,China 3 Institute of Resources and Environment,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255049,China 4 Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China 5 Department of Oceanography,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China | 2011 | Science China Earth Sciences2011，54，2： | 14 |
| 10 | Elemental and isotopic compositions of the hydrothermal sulfide on the East Pacific Rise near 13°N显示文摘The mineralogical,elemental,and isotopic characteristics of a hydrothermal sulfide sample from one dredge station (12°42.30'N,103°54.48'W,water depth 2655 m) on the East Pacific Rise near 13°N were analyzed.The hydrothermal sulfide was composed mainly of sphalerite,chalcopyrite,and pyrite and was a Zn-rich sulfide;in layer ep-s-1,goethite formed by secondary oxidation was found.The concentrations of rare elements,such as Li (0.15×10-6-0.30×10-6),Be (0.01×10-6-0.05×10-6),Zr (73.8×10-9-1344×10-9),Nb (8.14×10-9-64.7×10-9),Hf (2.54×10-9-28.0×10-9),and Ta (0.203×10-9-1.21×10-9),were far lower in the hydrothermal sulfide than in the ocean crust,whereas the content of Au was higher and the contents of Co,Ni,Sr,Cs,Ba,Bi,and U were low.The correlations between Zn and Cr,Cd and Ga,Cu and P,P and In (R2 > 0.8) were positive,whereas those between Zn and Fe,Cu,and Ba (R2 > 0.8) were distinctly negative.From low-temperature mineral assemblages to high-temperature mineral assemblages,the spatial distributions of dispersive and rare elements (e.g.In,Li,Cs) in the hydrothermal sulfide displayed corresponding variations.The variations observed in some elements (e.g.,Cd,Cs,P) are controlled by Zn,Fe,and Cu sulfides,respectively.Seafloor weathering accounts for the enrichment of V,Mn,and rare earth elements (REE) in the henna sulfide-oxidation layer that bears the secondary oxide mineral,leading to identical REE patterns for this layer (ep-s-1) and seawater.Seafloor weathering also distinctly affects the correlations between the element ratios of the hydrothermal sulfide.From high-temperature mineral assemblages to low-temperature mineral assemblages,Fe content and δ 34S value of the hydrothermal sulfide increase gradually,and Zn content and lead isotopic ratios decrease gradually on the contrary,which indicate the influences of seawater on elements and the sulfur and lead isotopic compositions enhance gradually during the formation of hydrothermal sulfides. | ZENG ZhiGang1,CHEN DaiGeng1,2,YIN XueBo1,WANG XiaoYuan1,ZHANG GuoLiang1,2 & WANG XiaoMei1,2 1 Seafloor Hydrothermal Activity Laboratory of the Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China 2 Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，2： | 12 |
| 11 | THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION STRESS ON WAVE HEIGHTS AND SEA LEVEL IN THE INTERACTION OF COUPLED WAVE-TIDE-SURGE IN THE COASTAL AREA显示文摘Based on coastal high resolution (2′×2′) coupled wave tide surge interaction numerical model, the effects of radiation stress on wave heights and sea level in the coastal area of Huanghe Delta were studied. By comparisons of simulated and measured wave heights and sea level for two mediately strong weather cases, it is demonstrated that the results simulated by coupled wave tide surge model are closer to the measured and particularly in excellent agreement in the extreme values of the wave heights and set up. This study shows that the radiation stress can increase the wave heights maximally to 67cm and sea level to 40cm. It is also found that there are areas of over 50cm wave height increase and an area of over 20cm sea level increase in the Huanghe Delta coastal area, and this find may be very important in engineering. For this reason, it is suggested that in the practical engineering application, the coupled wave tide surge interaction numerical model should be prefered. | Lin Xiang, Yin Bao shu, Hou Yi jun, Su Jing zhi, Cheng Ming hua Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China | 2003 | Journal of Hydrodynamics2003，15，1： | 12 |
| 12 | Comparative analysis of astaxanthin and its esters in the mutant E1 of Haematococcus pluvialis and other green algae by HPLC with a C30 column显示文摘A gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using a C30 col-umn was developed for the simultaneous determination of astaxanthin, astaxanthin monoesters and astaxanthin diesters in the green algae Chlorococcum sp., Chlorella zofingiensis, Haematococcus plu-vialis and the mutant E1, which was obtained from the mutagenesis of H. pluvialis by exposure to UV-irradiation and ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) with subsequent screening using nicotine. The re-sults showed that the contents of total astaxanthins including free astaxanthin and astaxanthin esters ranged from 1.4 to 30.9 mg/g dry biomass in these green algae. The lower total astaxanthin levels (< 2 mg/g dry biomass) were detected in the green algae Chlorococcum sp. and C. zofingiensis. The higher total astaxanthin levels (>16 mg/g dry biomass) were found in the green alga H. pluvialis and its mutant E1. It is notable that the mutant E1 is found to have considerably higher amounts of total astaxanthin (30.9 mg/g) as compared to the wild strain of H. pluvialis (16.1 mg/g). This indicates that UV-irradiation and EMS compound mutagenesis with subsequent screening using nicotine is an effective method for breeding of a high-producing astaxanthin strain of H. pluvialis. In addition, the green alga C. zofingien-sis had a remarkably higher percentage of astaxanthin diesters (76.3% of total astaxanthins) and a re-markably lower percentage of astaxanthin monoesters (18.0% of total astaxanthins) in comparison with H. pluvialis (35.5% for diesters and 60.9% for monoesters), the mutant E1 (49.1% and 48.1%) and Chlorococcum sp. (18.0% and 58.6%). | PENG Juan1, XIANG WenZhou2,1, TANG QuanMing1, SUN Ni1, CHEN Feng1,3 & YUAN JianPing 4 1 South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China 2 Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China 3 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China 4 Institute of Oceanology & College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510301, China | 2008 | Science China(Life Sciences)2008，51，12： | 12 |
| 13 | Relationship between petroleum hydrocarbon and plankton in a mesocosm experiment显示文摘A mesocosm experiment was carried out from May 26 to June 1, 1998 at the location of 30’52’N, 122’36’E, the Changjiang Estuary, in order to measure the influence of petroleum hydrocar- bon to the ecosystem, furthermore, to estimate the environmental capacity. In the experiment, it is found that the petroleum hydrocarbon can, in some degree, enhance the growth of diatom, but inhibit the growth of dinoflagellate. In general, the petroleum hydrocarbon can inhibit the growth of both Phytoplankton and zooplankton, and can the inhibit the growth of total plankton (including phytoplankton and zooplankton) as well. A kinetic model was presented to estimate the uptake/release rate constants of petroleum hydrocarbon by plankton, and thereafter, the uptake and release rate constants (k1, k2), bioconcentration factor (BCF) as well as the petroleum bydrocarbon influenced influenced uptake and release rate constants of nutrients by phytoplankton (kup, krel) were obtained. The results imply that the bioconcentration of petroleum hydrocarbon by plankton is fairly large and petroleum hydrocarbon caused no significant influence on the uptake of N- NO3, but significant influence on that of P -PO4. In addition, the application of kinetic model for the bioconcentration of volatile organic toxic compound by organism suggests that the uptake of petroleum hydrocarbon by plankton was an important process for the environmental capacity of petroleum hydrocarbon. | Shi Xiaoyong, Wang Xiulin, Han Xiurong, Jiang Yu Zhu Mingyuan, Chen Shang, Koshikawa Hiroshi (1. Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003, China 2. First Institute of Oceanology, Qingdao 266061, China 3. National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ja | 2001 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2001，20，2： | 12 |
| 14 | On biogeomorphology of Luhuitou fringing reef of Sanya City,Hainan Island,China显示文摘Based on comprehensive survey of 6 transects on Luhuitou fringing reef in Sanya City of Hainan Island, China, some features of its biogeomorphologic processes were found, including ( i ) three basic biogeomorphologic units: inner reef flat, outer reef flat and reef slope; (ii) two important biogeomorphologic boundary lines: up limit for live flat coral growing between inner and outer reef flats is Mean Lower Low Water of tropic tide±15 cm; the break in slope between reef flat and reef slope is Theoretical Lowest Tide ±15 cm; (iii) three types of reef flat profiles in response to distinctive Holocene sea level changes and dynamic condition: Luhuitou type responds to falling sea level and low wave energy; Xiaodonghai type to falling sea sevel and high wave energy; type for atolls of Nansha Islands to stable sea level and low wave energy; (iv) hermatypic coral community is the most essential member in coral reef ecosystem and plays the most important role in biogeomorphologic process. Over the past 30 | ZHANG QiaominSouth China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China (e-mail: qmzhang@ns.scsio.ac.cn) | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，S1： | 12 |
| 15 | Carbon isotopic studies of individual lipids in organisms from the Nansha sea area, China显示文摘Carbon isotopes of individual lipids in typical organisms from the Nansha sea area were measured by the GC-IRMS analytical technique. d 13C values of saturated fatty acids in different organisms examined are from -25.6 to -29.7 with the average values ranging from -26.4 to -28.2 and the variance range of 1.8 between different organisms is also observed. Unsaturated fatty acids have heavy carbon isotopic compositions and the mean differences of 2.9—6.8 compared to the same carbon number saturated fatty acids. d 13C values of n-alkanes range from -27.5 to -29.7 and their mean values, ranging from -28.6 to -28.9, are very close in different organisms. The mean difference in d 13C between the satu-rated fatty acids and n-alkanes is only 1.5, indicating that they have similar biosynthetic path-ways. The carbon isotopic variations between the different carbon-number lipids are mostly within 2.0, reflecting that they experienced a biosynthetic process of the carbon chain elon-gation. At the same time, the carbon isotopic genetic relationships between the biological and sedimentary lipids are established by comparative studies of carbon isotopic compositions of individual lipids in organisms and sediments from the Nansha sea area, which provides scientific basis for carbon isotopic applied research of individual lipids. | DUAN Yi1,2, SONG Jinming3 & ZHANG Hui1 1. Lanzhou Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 2. School of Geology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China 3. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，7： | 10 |
| 16 | Digital image analysis of palaeoenvironmental records and applications显示文摘Environmental change signals in geological or biological records are commonly reflected on their reflecting or transmitting images. These environmental signals can be extracted through digital image analysis. The analysis principle involves section line selection, color value reading and calculating environmental proxy index along the section lines, layer identification, auto-chronology and investigation of structure evolution of growth bands. On detailed illustrations of the image technique, this note provides image analyzing procedures of coral, tree-ring and stalagmite records. The environmental implications of the proxy index from image analysis are accordingly given through application demonstration of the image technique. | SUN Donghuai1,2, LIU Yu2 & TAN Ming31. South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Guangzhou 510301, China 2. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Earth Environmental Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710075, China 3. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，23： | 10 |
| 17 | Origin of a native sulfur chimney in the Kueishantao hydrothermal field, offshore northeast Taiwan显示文摘Analyses of rare earth and trace element concentrations of native sulfur samples from the Kueishantao hydrothermal field were performed at the Seafloor Hydrothermal Activity Laboratory of the Key Labo-ratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Using an Elan DRC II ICP-MS, and combining the sulfur isotopic compositions of native sulfur samples, we studied the sources and formation of a native sulfur chimney. The results show, when comparing them with native sulfur from crater lakes and other volcanic areas, that the native sulfur content of this chimney is very high (99.96%), the rare earth element (REE) and trace element constituents of the chimney are very low (ΣREE<21×10?9), and the chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the native sulfur samples are similar to those of the Kueishantao andesite, implying that the interaction of subseafloor fluid-andesite at the Kueishantao hydrothermal field was of short duration. The sulfur isotopic compo-sitions of the native sulfur samples reveal that the sulfur of the chimney, from H2S and SO2, originated by magmatic degassing and that the REEs and trace elements are mostly from the Kueishantao ande-site and partly from seawater. Combining these results with an analysis of the thermodynamics, it is clear that from the relatively low temperature (<116 ℃ ), the oxygenated and acidic environment is favorable for formation of this native sulfur chimney in the Kueishantao hydrothermal field. | ZENG ZhiGang1, LIU ChangHua1,2, CHEN ChenTung A3, YIN XueBo1, CHEN DaiGeng1,2, WANG XiaoYuan1,2, WANG XiaoMei1,2 & ZHANG GuoLiang1,2 1 Seafloor Hydrothermal Activity Laboratory of the Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, China | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，11： | 10 |
| 18 | Recombinant expression of rt-PA gene (encoding Reteplase) in gametophytes of the seaweed Laminaria japonica (Laminariales,Phaeophyta)显示文摘The life cycle of seaweed Laminaria japonica involves a generation alternation between diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophte. The expression of foreign genes in sporophte has been proved. In this research, the recombinant expression in gametophyte was investigated by particle bombardment with the rt-PA gene encoding the recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (Reteplase), which is a thrombolytic agent for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Transgenic gametophytes were selected by their resistance to herbicide phosphiothricin (PPT), and proliferated in an established bubble column photo-bioreactor. According to the results from quantitative ELISA, Southern blotting, and fibrin agarose plate assay (FAPA) for bioactivity, it was showed that the rt-PA gene had been inte-grated into the genome of gametophytes of L. japonica, and the expression product showed the ex-pected bioactivity, implying the proper post-transcript modification in haploid gametophyte. | ZHANG YiChen1,2, JIANG Peng1, GAO JiangTao1,3, LIAO JianMin4, SUN ShiJing4, SHEN ZiLong4 & QIN Song1, 1 Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China 2 College of Chemistry and Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China 3 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 4 Biotechnology Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China | 2008 | Science China(Life Sciences)2008，51，12： | 9 |
| 19 | Use of acoustic intensity measurements in underwater acoustics (Modern state and prospects)显示文摘This paper discusses scalar and vector characteristics of underwater ambient noise which were explored by the authors and their colleagues in different regions of the Earth Ocean.The measurements presented were performed in 6 Hz - 1000 Hz band, at depths up to 1000 m and wind speeds less than 15 m/s. The following questions are addressed: ratio between edsotropic (coherent) and isotropic (diffusive) parts of ambient noise; noise energy transport and its cotmection with surface waves propagation direction; noise energy flow cancenation by opposite energy flow of signal; signal-to-noise ratio for combined receiver in dynamic noise field. It follows from the results presellted, that further development of underwater intensity measurements opens new opportunities for investigations in the fields of underwater acoustics and oceanology. | Vladimir A. Shchurov Marianna V. Kuyanova(Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academg of Sciences Russia) | 1999 | Chinese Journal of Acoustics1999，18，4： | 9 |
| 20 | Benthic foraminifera and bottom water evolution in themiddle-southern Okinawa Trough during the last 18 ka显示文摘A piston sediment core E017 from the middle-southern Okinawa Trough was investigated. A preliminary study of the deep-water evolution since 18 cal. ka BP was performed basedon the quantitative census data of benthic foraminiferal fauna, together with planktonic foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotope, AMS14C dating, and the previous results achieved in thesouthern Okinawa Trough. The result shows that the benthic fauna was dominated by Buliminaaculeata (d′Orbigny), Uvigerina peregrina (Cushman), Hispid Uvigerina and Uvigerina dirupta(Todd) during the glaciation-deglaciation before 9.2 cal. ka BP, while Epistominella exigua(Brady), Pullenia bulloides (d′Orbigny), Cibicidoides hyalina (Hofker), Sphaeroidina bulloides(d’Orbigny) and Globocassidulina subglobosa (Brady) predominated the fauna in the post-glaciaperiod after 9.2 cal. ka BP. The benthic foraminifera accumulation rate (BFAR), paleoproductivityestimates and benthic foraminiferal assemblage conformably indicate that surface water paleoproductivity and organic matter flux during the glaciation-deglaciation were higher than those othe post-glacial period in the middle-southern Okinawa Trough, and gradually enhanced from thesouthern to the central Okinawa Trough during the glaciation-deglaciation, which could becaused by the discrepancy of the terrigenous nutrients supply. High abundances of E. exigua, anindicator of pulsed organic matter input, after 9.2 cal. ka BP may indicate that the intensity oseasonally riverine pulsed flux during the post-glacial period was stronger than that of the glaciation-deglaciation period, and the seasonal influx in the central trough might be stronger than inthe south. The temporal distributions of the typical species indicating bottom water oxygen content and ventilation condition show that the ventilation of the bottom water during the post-glaciaperiod is more active than the glaciation-deglaciation, which reflects that the evolution of the intermediate and deep waters of the northwestern Pacific during the last glaciation has no evideninfluence on the deep-water of the middle-southern Okinawa Trough. Additionally, the variationsin agglutinated benthic foraminiferal abundance and other carbonate dissolution proxies indicatethat carbonate dissolution gradually increased since the last 18 ka in the Okinawa Trough andrapidly enhanced at 9.2 cal. ka BP. The modern shallow carbonate lysocline could form at 3 calka BP. | LI Tiegang1, XIANG Rong1,2, SUN Rongtao1 & CAO Qiyuan1 1. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China 2. College of Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China Correspondence should be addressed to Li Tiegang | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，6： | 9 |
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