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| 1 | Study on detection of coastal water environment of China by ocean color remote sensing显示文摘Coastal water environment is essentially enhanced by ocean color which is basically decided by substances concentration in water such as chlorophyll, suspended material and yellow substance. It is very difficult, even not possible, to detect water color by expensive ship routing, because of its temporal and spatial variety of feature and scales in the very complicated dynamical system of coastal water. With the development of satellite technique in the last 20 a, space sensors can be applied to detect ocean color by measuring the spectra of water leaving radiance.It is proven that ocean color remote sensing is a powerful tool for understanding the process of oceanic biology and physics. Since the 1980s, great attention has been paid to the advanced remote sensing technique in China, especially to development of satellite programs for the coastal water environment. On 7 September 1988, China launched her first polar orbit satellite FY-1A for meteorological and oceanographic application (water color and temperature) and the second satellite FY-1B two years later. In May 1999, China launched her second generation environment satellite FY-1C with higher sensitivies, more channels and stable operation. The special ocean color satellite HY-1 is planned to be in the orbit in 2001, whose main purpose is to detect the coastal water environment of China seas. China is also developing a very advantageous sensor termed as Chinese moderate imaging spectra radiometer (CMODIS) with 91 channels, which will be a good candidate of the third generation satellite FY-3 in 2003. The technical system of ocean color remote sensing was developed by the Second Institute of Oceanography (SIO), State Oceanic Administration (SOA) in 1997. The system included data receiving, processing, distribution, calibration, validation and application units. The Hangzhou Station of SIO, SOA has the capability to receive FY-1 and AVHRR data since 1989. It was also a SeaWiFS scientific research station authorized by NASA,USA to free receive SeaWiFS data from 16 September 1997. In the recent years, the local algorithms of atmospheric correction and inversion of ocean color have been developed for FY-1C and SeaWiFS, to improve the accuracy of the measurement from satellites efficiently. The satellite data are being applied to monitor coastal water environment, such as the spatial distribution of chlorophyll, suspended material and yellow substance, red tide detection and coastal current study. The results show that the ocean color remote sensing has latent capacity in the detection of coastal water environment.In consideration of the update technique progress of ocean color remote sensing and its more important role in the detection of coastal water in the 2000s, some suggestions are set forth, which would be beneficial to the design of a cheaper but practical coastal water detection system for marine environment preservation. | Pan Delu 1,2 , Mao Tianming 1, Li Shujing 1,Huang Haiqing 11 .LaboratoryofOceanDynamicProcessesandSatelliteOceanographyofStateOceanicAdministration ,Hangzhou310 0 12 ,China 2 .LaboratoryofSubmarineGeosciencesofStateOceanicAdministration ,Hangzhou 3 | 2001 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2001，20，1： | 16 |
| 2 | Study of coastal water zone ecosystem health in Zhejiang Province based on remote sensing data and GIS显示文摘The coastal ecosystem health assessment is a field of increasing importance.In this paper,a preliminary assessment of ecosystem health in Zhejiang coastal water zone was made,mainly based on remote sensing data and GIS technique.Its spatial and quantitative evaluation was facilitated by the progress of remote sensing and GIS technique development.Firstly,human activities,hydrology and ecosystem problems in the study area were discussed and analyzed.Secondly,from 4 aspects of human stress,physical,chemical and biological responses to anthropogenic activities and natural stress,several indicators such as water transparency(Secchi Disk Depth,SDD),suspended substance concentration,dissolved inorganic nitrogen,active phosphate,chlorophyll,harmful algae bloom,as well as distribution of sewage,sea lanes and port were employed.Thirdly,the Analytic Hierarchical Process was used for indicator weight calculation,and the ecosystem health criteria were established according to the integrative analysis of national water quality criteria,similar coastal ecosystem health research in other places or data inherent properties.The results indicated that from 2005 to 2007 the coastal water ecosystem health value in Zhejiang Province was unhealthy and needs ecological restoration by human intervention. | CHEN Zhenghua PAN Delu BAI Yan | 2010 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2010，29，5： | 9 |
| 3 | Improving the wind and wave estimation of dual-frequency altimeter JASON1 in Typhoon Shanshan and considering the rain effects显示文摘Altimetry data have been widely used in various fields of oceanography,including the extreme weather events such as tropical cyclones,typhoons,and hurricanes. The performance of JASON1 in Typhoon Shanshan is assessed by examining the sensor geophysical data record and illustrates how the measured return waveform,significant wave height,and backscatter are all affected by various factors associated with the typhoon,with details by the rain are illustrated. The correction method to maintain accurate wave height and wind speed measurements in Typhoon Shanshan and the results are presented. Furthermore,the additional results of rain rate and typhoon eye diameter can be retrieved. Because of the lack of in-situ measurements of wind,wave,and rain rate at Typhoon Shanshan,results are compared with the forecasted typhoon data and a good agreement is found. | YANG Le LIN Mingsen ZOU Juhong LI Zhenghua PAN Delu | 2008 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2008，27，5： | 6 |
| 4 | The black water around the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary in the spring of 2003显示文摘The Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary is located in the East China Sea shelf with shallow water. Affected by the tide mixing and the runoff of the Changjiang River and the Qiantang River, the turbidity is very high. Generally, the water-leaving radiance is high in the turbid water because of the large particle scattering. Based on the in-situ data and ocean color remote sensing data of SeaWiFS, it was found that there was a black water region with the normalized water-leaving radiances less than 0.5 mW/(cm2·μm2·sr). The optical principle of the occurrence of this black water was analyzed by the inherent optical properties and the ocean color components. The results show that black water is caused by the relative low values of the suspended particle matter concentration and the back scattering ratio. In the black water region, the percentage of the phytoplankton absorption was relatively high, and the large size of the phytoplankton caused the low value of the particle backscattering ratio. | BAI Yan HE Xianqiang PAN Delu ZHU Qiankun GONG Fang | 2009 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2009，28，4： | 6 |
| 5 | A general purpose exact Rayleigh scattering look-up table for ocean color remote sensing显示文摘The current exact Rayleigh scattering calculation of ocean color remote sensing uses the look-up table (LUT), which is usually created for a special remote sensor and cannot be applied to other sensors. For practical application, a general purpose Rayleigh scattering LUT which can be applied to all ocean color remote sensors is generated. An adding-doubling method to solve the vector radiative transfer equation in the plane-parallel atmosphere is deduced in detail. Compared with the exact Rayleigh scattering radiance derived from the MODIS exact Rayleigh scattering LUT, it is proved that the relative error of Rayleigh scattering calculation with the adding-doubling method is less than 0.25%, which meets the required accuracy of the atmospheric correction of ocean color remote sensing. Therefore, the adding-doubling method can be used to generate the exact Rayleigh scattering LUT for the ocean color remote sensors. Finally, the general purpose exact Rayleigh scattering LUT is generated using the adding-doubling method. On the basis of the general purpose LUT, the calculated Rayleigh scattering radiance is tested by comparing with the LUTs of MODIS, SeaWiFS and the other ocean color sensors, showing that the relative errors are all less than 0.5%, and this general purpose LUT can be applied to all ocean color remote sensors. | HE Xianqiang PAN Delu BAI Yan GONG Fang | 2006 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2006，25，1： | 5 |
| 6 | The satellite reversion of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) based on the analysis of the mixing behavior of DOC and colored dissolved organic matter: the East China Sea as an example显示文摘The retrieval of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) distribution by remote sensing is mainly based on the empirical relationship of DOC concentration and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) concentration in many literatures. To investigate the nature of this relationship, the distributions and mixing behaviors of DOC and CDOM are reviewed in the world's major estuaries and bays. It is found that, generally, the CDOM concentration is well correlated with the salinity in most estuaries, while DOC usually shows a nonconservative behavior which leads to a weak correlation between the DOC concentration and the CDOM concentration. To establish a good satellite reversion of the DOC concentration, the East China Sea(ECS) was taken as an example, and the mixing behavior of DOC and CDOM as well as the influence of biogeochemical processes were analyzed except for the physical mixing process with the data from late autumn (November, 2010) and winter (December, 2009) cruises. In the two ECS cruises, the CDOM concentration was found to be tightly correlated with the salinity, influenced little by the photochemical or biological processes. The data from the winter cruise show that DOC followed a conservative mixing along the salinity gradient, while in the late autumn cruise it was significantly affected by the biological activities, resulting in a poor correlation between the DOC and the CDOM. Accordingly, an improved DOC algorithm (CSDM) was proposed: when the biological influence was significant (Chl a greater than 0.8 μg/dm3 ), DOC was retrieved by the conservative and biological model, and if the conservative mixing was dominant (Chl a less than 0.8 μg/dm3 ), the direct DOC concentration and CDOM concentration relationship was used. Based on the proposed algorithm, a reasonable DOC distribution for the ECS from satellite was obtained in this study, and the proposed method can be applied to the other large river-dominant marginal sea. | LIU Qiong PAN Delu BAI Yan WU Kai CHEN Chen-Tung Arthur SUN Jun ZHANG Lin | 2013 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2013，32，2： | 5 |
| 7 | Introduction to the airborne marine surveillance platform and its application to water quality monitoring in China显示文摘China Marine Surveillance Force was equipped with modern aerial equipments for marine law-execute with the advantage of functioning agilely at a large scale of surveillance coverage,providing powerful all-round safeguard,which is of benefit to the harmonious and sustainable development of coastal economy.Onboard the planes,three kinds of remote sensing sensors have been installed,including a marine airborne multi-spectrum scanner(MAMS),an optical-electronic platform,and an airborne hyper-spectral system AISA+.The specifications of remote sensing platforms were introduced briefly first,then examples of water quality monitoring by airborne remote sensing were presented,including the monitoring in coastal suspended material,oil-spill and abnormal warm water,etc. | WANG Difeng GONG Fang PAN Delu HAO Zengzhou ZHU Qiankun | 2010 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2010，29，2： | 5 |
| 8 | Vector radiative transfer numerical model of coupled ocean-atmosphere system using matrix-operator method显示文摘A vector radiative transfer numerical model of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system is developed based on the matrix-operator method, which is named PCOART. Using the Fourier analysis, the vector radiative transfer equation (VRTE) is separated into a set of equations depending only on the observa-tion zenith angle. Using the Gaussian-Quadrature method, VRTE is finally transferred into the matrix equation solved by the adding-doubling method. According to the reflective and refractive properties of the ocean-atmosphere interface, the vector radiative transfer numerical model of the ocean and at-mosphere is coupled in PCOART. Compared with the exact Rayleigh scattering look-up tables of MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), it is shown that PCOART is an exactly numerical model, and the processing methods of the multi-scattering and polarization are correct. Also, validated with the standard problems of the radiative transfer in water, it is shown that PCOART can be used to calculate the underwater radiative transfer problems. Therefore, PCOART is a useful tool for exactly calculating the vector radiative transfer of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system, which can be used to study the polarization properties of the radiance in the whole ocean-atmosphere system and the remote sensing of the atmosphere and ocean. | HE XianQiang PAN DeLu BAI Yan ZHU QianKun GONG Fang | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，3： | 5 |
| 9 | Preliminary study on the orbit cross-calibration of CMODIS by SeaWiFS显示文摘China launched its third spaceship SZ 3 in March, 2002 on which the main remote sensor is the Chinese moderate imaging spectra radiometer (CMODIS). In this paper the properties of CMODIS are firstly introduced briefly. Then, the theory and algorithm of cross calibration for CMODIS ocean color channels by the sea viewing wide field of view sensor (SeaWiFS) data are discussed in detail. The total radiance (TOA) of four quasi synchronized crossing ocean areas simulated by SeaWiFS and measured by CMODIS are compared and the calibration coefficients are derived from the relationship between them. Finally, the in situ water leaving radiance data are used to validate the calibration results. The results show that the cross calibration method could provide reasonable precision for ocean color measurement. | PAN Delu*, HE Xianqiang and MAO Tianming(Key Laboratory of Ocean Dynamic Processes and Satellite Oceanography, SOA, Hangzhou 310012, China) | 2003 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2003，13，10： | 4 |
| 10 | Progress in the application of ocean color remote sensing in China显示文摘After many years' endeavor of research and application practice,the ocean color remote sensing in China has been growing into a new technique with valuable practicality from its initiate stage of trial research.With the aim of operational service,several kinds of ocean color remote sensing application systems have been developed and realized the long-term marine environmental monitoring utilizing the real-time or near real-time satellite and airborne remote sensing data.New progresses in the technology and application of ocean color remote sensing in China are described,including the research of key techniques and the development of various application systems.Meanwhile,according to the application status and demand,the prospective development of Chinese ocean color remote sensing is brought forward.With Chinese second ocean color satellite(HY-1B)orbiting on 11 April 2007 and the development of airborne ocean color remote sensing system for Chinese surveillance planes,great strides will take place in Chinese ocean color remote sensing application with the unique function in marine monitoring,resources management and national security,etc. | PAN Delu BAI Yan | 2008 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2008，27，4： | 3 |
| 11 | Optical detection of Prorocentrum donghaiense blooms based on multispectral reflectance显示文摘Prorocentrum donghaiense is one of the most common red tide causative dinoflagellates in the Changjiang(Yangtze)River Estuary and the adjacent area of the East China Sea.It causes large-scale blooms in late spring and early summer that lead to widespread ecologic and economic damage.A means for distinguishing dinoflagellate blooms from diatom(Skeletonema costatum)blooms is desired.On the basis of measurements of remote sensing reflectance[Rrs(λ)]and inherent optical parameters,the potential of using a multispectral approach is assessed for discriminating the algal blooms due to P.donghaiense from those due to S.costatum.The behavior of two reflectance ratios[R1=Rrs(560)/Rrs(532)and R2=Rrs(708)/Rrs(665)],suggests that differentiation of P.donghaiense blooms from diatom bloom types is possible from the current band setup of ocean color sensors.It is found that there are two reflectance ratio regimes that indicate a bloom is dominated by P.donghaiense:(1)R1>1.55 and R2<1.0 or(2)R1>1.75 and R21.0.Various sensitivity analyses are conducted to investigate the effects of the variation in varying levels of chlorophyll concentration and colored dissolved organic matter(CDOM)as well as changes in the backscattering ratio(bbp/bp)on the efficacy of this multispectral approach.Results indicate that the intensity and inherent optical properties of the algal species explain much of the behavior of the two ratios.Although backscattering influences the amplitude of Rrs(λ),especially in the 530 and 560 nm bands,the discrimination between P.donghaiense and diatoms is not significantly affected by the variation of bbp/bp.Since aCDOM(440)in coastal areas of the ECS is typically lower than 1.0 m 1in most situations,the presence of CDOM does not interfere with this discrimination,even as SCDOM varies from 0.01 to 0.026 nm 1.Despite all of these effects,the discrimination of P.donghaiense blooms from diatom blooms based on multispectral measurements of Rrs(λ)is feasible. | TAO Bangyi PAN Delu MAO Zhihua SHEN Yuzhang ZHU Qiankun CHEN Jianyu | 2013 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2013，32，10： | 3 |
| 12 | The proportions and variations of the light absorption coefficients of major ocean color components in the East China Sea显示文摘The East China Sea (ECS),one of the largest continental seas,has dynamic hydrology and complex optical characteristics that make ocean color remote-sensing retrieval difficult.The distributions and proportions of the light absorption coefficients of major ocean color components based on two large-scale investigations in the ECS are presented,showing these features in typical summer and winter seasons.The absorption coefficient a CDOM,a NAP and a phy of colored dissolved organic matter,non-algal particle,and pigment of phytoplankton show a decreasing trend from the coast to the outer shelf.According to the a CDOM distribution at 440 nm,the Changjiang River plume shows an abnormal southeastward transport.An extremely high a NAP value patch at 440 nm is present in the middle coast.The chlorophyll-a-specific phytoplankton pigment absorption (a phy) is much higher in winter than in summer,which may cause serious underestimated results when applying the averaged a phy into remote-sensing algorithms for chlorophyll concentration retrieval.The importance of phytoplankton size was evident in outer shelf waters.The absorption of a CDOM (440) is a dominant component accounting for over half of the total seawater absorption in summer.The a NAP (440) accounts for 64% of the absorption of the ECS coastal area in winter. | LEI Hui PAN Delu BAI Yan TAO Bangyi SUN Jun ZHANG Lin ZHANG Xuan | 2012 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2012，31，2： | 3 |
| 13 | A new algorithm based on the background field for red tide monitoring in the East China Sea显示文摘Remote sensing has been proven to be an effective means of monitoring red tides. The spectral information is an important basis for establishing a model to monitor red tides. The spectral curves of red tide events are analyzed and compared with multiyear monthly averaged spectral curves based on MODIS data from July 2002 to June 2012, as well as spectral differences at the same location during red tide presence and absence. A red tide monitoring algorithm is developed based on the background field to extract the red tide information of the East China Sea(ECS). With the application of the algorithm in the ECS, the results reveal that the developed model can effectively determine the location of red tides, with good correspondence to the results from an official bulletin. This demonstrates that the algorithm can effectively extract the red tide information. | XU Xiaohui PAN Delu MAO Zhihua TAO Bangyi | 2014 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2014，33，5： | 3 |
| 14 | Upper ocean responses to category 5 typhoon Megi in the western north Pacific显示文摘Category 5 typhoon Megi was the most intense typhoon in 2010 of the world. It lingered in the South China Sea (SCS) for 5 d and caused a significant phytoplankton bloom detected by the satellite image. In this study, the authors investigated the ocean biological and physical responses to typhoon Megi by using chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration, sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height anomaly (SSHA), sea surface wind measurements derived from different satellites and in situ data. The chl-a concentration (>3 mg/m 3 ) increased thirty times in the SCS after the typhoon passage in comparison with the mean level of October averaged from 2002 to 2009. With the relationship of wind stress curl and upwelling, the authors found that the speed of upwelling was over ten times during typhoon than pre-typhoon period. Moreover, the mixed layer deepened about 20 m. These reveal that the enhancement of chl-a concentration was triggered by strong vertical mixing and upwelling. Along the track of typhoon, the maximum sea surface cooling (6-8 C) took place in the SCS where the moving speed of typhoon was only 1.4-2.8 m/s and the mixed layer depth was about 20 m in pre-typhoon period. However, the SST drop at the east of the Philippines is only 1-2 C where the translation speed of typhoon was 5.5-6.9 m/s and the mixed layer depth was about 40 m in pre-typhoon period. So the extent of the SST drop was probably due to the moving speed of typhoon and the depth of the mixed layer. In addition, the region with the largest decline of the sea surface height anomaly can indicate the location where the maximum cooling occurs. | CHEN Xiaoyan PAN Delu HE Xianqiang BAI Yan WANG Difeng | 2012 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2012，31，1： | 3 |
| 15 | Hyperspectral retrieval model of phycocyanin in case Ⅱ waters显示文摘Phycocyanin, a functional protein found in blue-green algae, with characteristic absorption peak around 620 nm, can be used to detect the quantity of blue-green algae in waters. Spectral characteristics of phycocyanin were studied by measuring hyperspectral water leaving radiance and absorption curve, and the results showed that the absorption peak of phycocyanin around 620 nm was evident in the curve of water leaving radiance. Bio-optical model of phycocyanin was set up with analytical methods and calibrated with error analysis. Linear relationship between phycocyanin concentration measured and that retrieved with calibrated bio-optical model (R = 0.755) was better than that retrieved with the band ratio of 709 nm/620 nm (R = 0.729), which proved that the calibration was neces-sary for improving the accuracy of phycocyanin concentration. | YANG Dingtian PAN Delu | 2006 | Chinese Science Bulletin2006，51，B12： | 2 |
| 16 | Review and suggestions for estimating particulate organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon inventories in the ocean using remote sensing data显示文摘Dissolved organic carbon(DOC)and particulate organic carbon(POC)are basic variables for the ocean carbon cycle.Knowledge of the distribution and inventory of these variables is important for a better estimation and understanding of the global carbon cycle.Owing to its considerable advantages in spatial and temporal coverage,remote sensing data provide estimates of DOC and POC inventories,which are able to give a synthetic view for the distribution and transportation of carbon pools.To estimate organic carbon inventories using remote sensing involves integration of the surface concentration and vertical profile models,and the development of these models is critical to the accuracy of estimates.Hence,the distribution and control factors of DOC and POC in the ocean first are briefly summarized,and then studies of DOC and POC inventories and flux estimations are reviewed,most of which are based on field data and few of which consider the vertical distributions of POC or DOC.There is some research on the estimation of POC inventory by remote sensing,mainly in the open ocean,in which three kinds of vertical profile models have been proposed:the uniform,exponential decay,and Gauss models.However,research on remote-sensing estimation of the DOC inventory remains lacking.A synthetic review of approaches used to estimate the organic carbon inventories is offered and the future development of methods is discussed for such estimates using remote sensing data in coastal waters. | PAN Delu LIU Qiong BAI Yan | 2014 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2014，33，1： | 2 |
| 17 | Reconstruction of incomplete satellite SST data sets based on EOF method显示文摘As for the satellite remote sensing data obtained by the visible and infrared bands inversion, the clouds coverage in the sky over the ocean often results in missing data of inversion products on a large scale, and thin clouds di?cult to be detected would cause the data of the inversion products to be abnormal. Alvera et al.(2005) proposed a method for the reconstruction of missing data based on an Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) decomposition, but his method couldn’t process these images presenting extreme cloud coverage(more than 95%), and required a long time for recon- struction. Besides, the abnormal data in the images had a great effect on the reconstruction result. Therefore, this paper tries to improve the study result. It has reconstructed missing data sets by twice applying EOF decomposition method. Firstly, the abnormity time has been detected by an- alyzing the temporal modes of EOF decomposition, and the abnormal data have been eliminated. Secondly, the data sets, excluding the abnormal data, are analyzed by using EOF decomposition, and then the temporal modes undergo a filtering process so as to enhance the ability of reconstruct- ing the images which are of no or just a little data, by using EOF. At last, this method has been applied to a large data set, i.e. 43 Sea Surface Temperature (SST) satellite images of the Changjiang River (Yangtze River) estuary and its adjacent areas, and the total reconstruction root mean square error (RMSE) is 0.82°C. And it has been proved that this improved EOF reconstruction method is robust for reconstructing satellite missing data and unreliable data. | DING Youzhuan WEI Zhihui MAO Zhihua WANG Xiaofei PAN Delu | 2009 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2009，28，2： | 2 |
| 18 | Satellite remote sensing of ultraviolet irradiance on the ocean surface显示文摘Ultraviolet(UV) radiation has a significant influence on marine biological processes and primary productivity;however, the existing ocean color satellite sensors seldom contain UV bands. A look-up table of wavelengthintegrated UV irradiance(280–400 nm) on the sea surface is established using the coupled ocean atmosphere radiative transfer(COART) model. On the basis of the look-up table, the distributions of the UV irradiance at middle and low latitudes are inversed by using the satellite-derived atmospheric products from the Aqua satellite,including aerosol optical thickness at 550 nm, ozone content, liquid water path, and the total precipitable water.The validation results show that the mean relative difference of the 10 d rolling averaged UV irradiance between the satellite retrieval and field observations is 8.20% at the time of satellite passing and 13.95% for the daily dose of UV. The monthly-averaged UV irradiance and daily dose of UV retrieved by satellite data show a good correlation with the in situ data, with mean relative differences of 6.87% and 8.43%, respectively. The sensitivity analysis of satellite inputs is conducted. The liquid water path representing the condition of cloud has the highest effect on the retrieval of the UV irradiance, while ozone and aerosol have relatively lesser effect. The influence of the total precipitable water is not significant. On the basis of the satellite-derived UV irradiance on the sea surface, a preliminary simple estimation of ultraviolet radiation's effects on the global marine primary productivity is presented, and the results reveal that ultraviolet radiation has a non-negligible effect on the estimation of the marine primary productivity. | LI Teng PAN Delu BAI Yan LI Gang HE Xianqiang CHEN Chen-Tung Arthur GAO Kunshan LIU Dong LEI Hui | 2015 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2015，34，6： | 2 |
| 19 | Measurements of ocean wave spectrum from airborne radar at small incidence angles显示文摘This paper proposes the retrieval method of ocean wave spectrum for airborne radar observations at small incidence angles,which is slightly modified from the method developed by Hauser.Firstly,it makes use of integration method to estimate total mean square slope instead of fitting method,which aims to reduce the affects of fluctuations superposed on normalized radar cross-section by integration.Secondly,for eliminating the noise spectrum contained in signal spectrum,the method considers the signal spectrum in certain look direction without any long wave components as the assumed noise spectrum,which would be subtracted from signal spectrum in any look direction for linear wave spectrum retrieval.Estimated ν from the integration method are lower than the one from fitting method and have a standard deviation of 0.004 between them approximately.The assumed noise spectrum energy almost has no big variations along with the wave number and is slightly lower to the high wave number part of signal spectrum in any look direction,which follows that the assumption makes sense.The retrieved directional spectra are compared with the buoy records in terms of peak wavelength,peak direction and the significant wave height.Comparisons show that the retrieved peak wavelength and significant wave height are slightly higher than the buoy records but don't differs significantly (error less than 10%).For peak direction,the swell waves in first case basically propagate in the wind direction 6 hours ago and the wind-generated waves in second case also propagate in the wind direction,but the 180° ambiguity remains.Results show that the modified method can carry out the retrieval of directional wave spectrum. | REN Lin PAN Delu MAO Zhihua | 2011 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2011，30，1： | 2 |
| 20 | Wind vector retrieval algorithm from spaceborne lidar data显示文摘The principal purpose of this paper is to extract entire sea surface wind's information from spaceborne lidaand particularly to utilize a appropriate algorithm for removing the interference information due to whitecaps and subsurface water. Wind speeds are obtained through empirical relationship with sea surface measquare slopes. Wind directions are derived from relationship between wind speeds and wind directions implied in CMOD5n geophysical models function(GMF). Whitecaps backscattering signals were distinguishewith the help of lidar depolarization ratio measurements and rectified by whitecaps coverage equationSubsurface water backscattering signals were corrected by means of inverse distance weighted(IDW) froneighborhood non-singular data with optimal subsurface water backscattering calibration parameters. Tverify the algorithm reliably, it selected NDBC's TAO buoy-laying area as survey region in camparison witbuoys' wind field data and METOP satellite ASCAT of 25 km single orbit wind field data after temporal-spatial matching. Validation results showed that the retrieval algorithm works well in terms of root mean squarerror(RMSE) less than 2m/s and wind direction's RMSE less than 21 degree. | WANG Tianyu PAN Delu HE Xianqiang WANG Difeng | 2014 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2014，33，3： | 1 |
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