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| 1 | A long-form α-neurotoxin from cobra venom produces potent opioid-independent analgesia显示文摘Aim:In light of the antinociceptive activity of the short-chain neurotoxin,cobrotoxin,and other acetylcholine antagonists,the antinociceptive activity andmechanisms of cobratoxin(CTX),a long-chain postsynaptic α-neurotoxin,wasinvestigated in rodent pain models.Methods:CTX was administered intraperito-neally(30,45,68 μg/kg),intra-cerebral ventricularly(4.5 μg/kg)or microinjectedinto periaqueductal gray(PAG;4.5 μg/kg).The antinociceptive action was testedusing the hot-plate and acetic acid writhing tests m mice and rats.The involve-ment of the cholinergic system and opioid system in CTX-induced analgesia wasexamined by pretreatment of animals with atropine(0.5 mg/kg,im;or 10 mg/kg,ip)or naloxone(1 and 5 mg/kg,ip).The effect of CTX on motor activity was testedusing the Animex test.Results:CTX exhibited a dose-dependent analgesic ac-tion in mice as determined by both the hot-plate and acetic acid writhing tests.The peak effect of analgesia was seen 3 h after administration.In the mouse aceticacid writhing test,the intra-cerebral ventricular administration of CTX at 4.5 μg/kg(1/12th of a systemic dose)produced marked analgesic effects.Microinjection ofCTX(4.5 μgkg)into the PAG region did not elicit an analgesic action in rats in thehot-plate test.Atropine at 0.5 mg/kg(im)and naloxone at 1 and 5 mg/kg(ip)bothfailed to block the analgesic effects of CTX,but atropine at 10 mg/kg(ip)didantagonize the analgesia mediated by CTX in the mouse acetic acid writhing test.Acetylsalicylic acid(300 mg/kg)did not enhance the analgesic effects of CTX.Atthe highest effective dose of 68 μg/kg the neurotoxin did not change the sponta-neous mobility of mice.Conclusion:CTX has analgesic effects,which are medi-ated in the central nervous system though not through the PAG.The centralcholinergic system but not opioid system appears to be involved in theantinociceptive action of CTX. | Zhi-xin CHEN Hui-ling ZHANG Zhen-lun GU Bo-wen CHEN Rong HAN Paul F REID Laurence N RAYMOND Zheng-hong QIN | 2006 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2006，27，4： | 7 |
| 2 | Suppression of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced adjuvant arthritis by cobratoxin显示文摘 | Yan-li LIU Hai-ming LIN Rong ZOU Jun-chao WU Rong HAN Laurence N RAYMOND Paul F REID Zheng-hong QIN | 2009 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2009，30，2： | 6 |
| 3 | Involvement of cholinergic system in suppression ot formalin-induced inflammatory pain by cobratoxin显示文摘瞄准: 调查 cobratoxin (CTX ) 的止痛效果,长链的 α从泰国眼镜蛇恶意的神经毒素,在导致福尔马林的煽动性的疼痛的一个老鼠模型。 | Gao-na SHI Yan-li LIU Hai-ming LIN Shi-lin YANG Yu-lin Feng Paul F REID Zheng-hong QIN | 2011 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2011，32，10： | 6 |
| 4 | A short-chain α-neurotoxin from Naja naja atra produces potent cholinergic-dependent analgesia显示文摘Objective To investigate the analgesia induced by cobrotoxin (CT) from venom of Naja naja atra, and the effects of atropine and naloxone on the antinociceptive activity of CT in rodent pain models. Methods CT was administered intraperitoneally (33.3,50,7μg/kg) , intra-cerebral venticularly (2.4μg /kg) or microinjected into periaque-ductal gray (PAG,1.2μg /kg). The antinociceptive action was tested using the hot-plate test and the acetic acid writhing test in mice and rats. The involvement of cholinergic system and the opioid system in CT-induced analgesia was examined by pretreatment of animals with atropine (0.5mg/kg, im or 10mg/kg, ip) or naloxone (3mg/kg,ip) . The effect of CT on motor activity was tested using the Animex test. Results CT (33.3,50 and 75μg/kg,ip) exhibited a dose-dependent analgesic action in mice as determined with hot-plate test and acetic acid writhing test. In the mouse acetic acid writhing test, the intra-cerebral ventricle administration of CT 2.4μg/kg (1/23th of a systemic dose) produced marked analgesic effects. Microinjection of CT 1.2μg/kg (1/46th of systemic dose) into the PAG also elicited a robust analgesic action in the hot-plate test in rats. Atropine at 0.5 mg/kg (im) or naloxone at 3 mg/kg (ip) failed to block the analgesic effects of CT, but atropine at 10 mg/kg (ip) did antagonize the analgesia mediated by CT in the mouse acetic acid writhing test. At the highest effective dose of antinociception (75μg/kg) , CT did not change the spontaneous mobility of mice. Conclusion These results suggest that CT from Naja naja atra venom has analgesic effects. Central nervous system may be involved in CT' analgesic effects and the PAG may be the primary central site where CT exerts its effects. The central cholinergic system but not opioid system appears to be involved in the antinociceptive action of CT. | Hui-Ling ZHANG Rong HAN Zhen-Lun GU Zhi-Xing CHEN Bo-Wen CHEN Paul F. Reid Laurence N. Raymond Zheng-Hong QIN | 2006 | Neuroscience Bulletin2006，22，2： | 5 |
| 5 | Autophagy is involved in cytotoxic effects of crotoxin in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 cells显示文摘目的:在 deathof MCF-7 房间导致了 autophagy 调查 crotoxin ( CrTX )的角色, caspase-3-deficient ,人的乳癌房间 line.Methods :有 CrTX 的各种各样的剂量的有教养的 MCF-7 房间 weretreated ,从 SouthAmerican 响尾蛇的毒液孤立的 phospholipase A2 ( PLA2 ), CrTX 的 Crotalus durissus terrificus.The cytotoxicity 当面, caspase 禁止者的 andabsence 与甲基 thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT )和 lactatedehydrogenase ( LDH )被测量 aut 的漏 assays.The | Ci-hui YAN Ya-ping YANG Zheng-hong QIN Zhen-lun GU Paul REID Zhong-qin LIANG | 2007 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2007，28，4： | 3 |
| 6 | Interventional EUS-guided cholangiography: evaluation of a technique in evolution显示文摘 | Michel Kahaleh Alfredo J. Hernandez Jeffrey Tokar Reid B. Adams Vanessa M. Shami Paul Yeaton | 2006 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2006，，： | 2 |
| 7 | Diazepam-indueed neuroprotection:dissociating the effects of hypothermia following global ischemia显示文摘 | Ennifer Dowden Chantelle Reid Paul Dooley | 1999 | Brain Research1999，829，： | 1 |
| 8 | Efficacy and complications of covered Wallstents in malignant distal biliary obstruction <ce:link locator='fx1'/>显示文摘 | Michel Kahaleh Jeffrey Tokar Mark R. Conaway Andrew Brock Tri Le Reid B. Adams Paul Yeaton | 2005 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2005，，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Microvia Failure In Lead-Free Assembly显示文摘 | Paul Reid Gareth Parry and Paul Andrews | 2006 | Printed Circuit Design & Manufacture2006，7，： | 1 |
| 10 | Contributions of autophagic and apoptotic mechanisms to CrTX-Ⅰnduced death of K562 cells显示文摘 | CI-HUI YAN ZHENG-HONG QIN PAUL REID | 2006 | Toxicon2006，47，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Unresectable Cholangiocarcinoma: Comparison of Survival in Biliary Stenting Alone Versus Stenting With Photodynamic Therapy显示文摘 | Michel Kahaleh Rajnish Mishra Vanessa M. Shami Patrick G. Northup Carl L. Berg Penny Bashlor Petra Jones Kristi Ellen Geoffrey R. Weiss Christiana M. Brenin Barbara E. Kurth Tyvin A. Rich Reid B. Adams Paul Yeaton | 2008 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2008，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Pneumoconiosis 显示文摘 | PAUL CULLINAN PETER REID | 2013 | Prim Care Respir J2013，22，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Deepwater drilling made more effi -eient and cost- effective using the microflux control method and an uhralow invasion fluid to open themud - weightwindow 显示文摘 | Helio Santos Paul Reid Johen McCaskill | 2007 | SPE 1116342007，，： | 1 |
| 14 | EUS–guided pancreaticogastrostomy: analysis of its efficacy to drain inaccessible pancreatic ducts显示文摘 | Michel Kahaleh Alfredo J. Hernandez Jeffrey Tokar Reid B. Adams Vanessa M. Shami Paul Yeaton | 2007 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2007，，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from higher plant mitochondria and proplastids显示文摘 | Reid E Ellen Paul Thompson Richard Lyttle C | 1977 | Plant Physiol1977，59，： | 1 |
| 16 | Deepwater drilling made more efficient and cost - effective using the microflux control method and an uhralow invasion fluid to open the mud - weightwindows 显示文摘 | Helio Santos Paul Reid Johen McCaskill | 2007 | SPE 1116342007，，： | 1 |
| 17 | Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from higher plant mitochondria and proplastids显示文摘 | Ellen Reid E Paul Thompson Richard Lyttle C | 1977 | Plant Physiology1977，59，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Interventional EUS-guided cholangiography: evaluation of a technique in evolution显示文摘 | Michel Kahaleh Alfredo J. Hernandez Jeffrey Tokar Reid B. Adams Vanessa M. Shami Paul Yeaton | 2006 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2006，，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Unresectable Cholangiocarcinoma: Comparison of Survival in Biliary Stenting Alone Versus Stenting With Photodynamic Therapy显示文摘 | Michel Kahaleh Rajnish Mishra Vanessa M. Shami Patrick G. Northup Carl L. Berg Penny Bashlor Petra Jones Kristi Ellen Geoffrey R. Weiss Christiana M. Brenin Barbara E. Kurth Tyvin A. Rich Reid B. Adams Paul Yeaton | 2008 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2008，，3： | 1 |
| 20 | W-B-N diffusion barriers for Si/Cu metallizations显示文摘 | Reid J S Liu R Y Smith Paul Martin | 1995 | Thin Solid Films1995，262，： | 1 |
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