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| 1 | Acupuncture's Role in Solving the Opioid Epidemic: Evidence, Cost-Effectiveness, and Care Availability for Acupuncture as a Primary, Non-Pharmacologic Method for Pain Relief and Management-White Paper 2017显示文摘The United States(U.S.) is facing a national opioid epidemic, and medical systems are in need of nonpharmacologic strategies that can be employed to decrease the public's opioid dependence. Acupuncture has emerged as a powerful, evidence-based, safe, cost-effective, and available treatment modality suitable to meeting this need. Acupuncture has been shown to be effective for the management of numerous types of pain conditions, and mechanisms of action for acupuncture have been described and are understandable from biomedical, physiologic perspectives. Further, acupuncture's cost-effectiveness can dramatically decrease health care expenditures, both from the standpoint of treating acute pain and through avoiding addiction to opioids that requires costly care, destroys quality of life, and can lead to fatal overdose. Numerous federal regulatory agencies have advised or mandated that healthcare systems and providers offer non-pharmacologic treatment options for pain. Acupuncture stands out as the most evidence-based, immediately available choice to fulfil these calls. Acupuncture can safely, easily, and cost-effectively be incorporated into hospital settings as diverse as the emergency department, labor and delivery suites, andneonatal intensive care units to treat a variety of commonly seen pain conditions. Acupuncture is already being successful y and meaningfully utilized by the Veterans Administration and various branches of the U.S. Military, in some studies demonstrably decreasing the volume of opioids prescribed when included in care. | arthur yin fan david w.miller bonnie bolash matthew bauer john mcdonald sarah faggert hongjian he yong ming li amy matecki lindy camardella mel hopper koppelman jennifer a.m.stone lindsay meade john pang | 2017 | Journal of Integrative Medicine2017，15，6： | 29 |
| 2 | Chinese herbal medicine for COVID-19: Current evidence with systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘Background: There is currently no drug or therapy that cures COVID-19, a highly contagious and life-threatening disease.Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis summarized contemporary studies that report the use of Chinese herbal medicine(CHM) to treat COVID-19.Search strategy: Six electronic databases(PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Wanfang Data and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched from their beginning to May 15, 2020 with the following search terms: traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine,Chinese herbal medicine, COVID-19, new coronavirus pneumonia, SARS-CoV-2, and randomized controlled trial.Inclusion criteria: Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) from peer-reviewed journals and non-reviewed publications were included. Further, included RCTs had a control group that was given standard care(SC;such as conventional Western medicine treatments or routine medical care), and a treatment group that was given SC plus CHM.Data extraction and analysis: Two evaluators screened and collected literature independently;information on participants, study design, interventions, follow-up and adverse events were extracted, and risk of bias was assessed. The primary outcomes included scores that represented changes in symptoms and signs over the course of treatment. Secondary outcomes included the level of inflammatory markers, improvement of pneumonia confirmed by computed tomography(CT), and adverse events. Dichotomous data were expressed as risk ratio or hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval(CI);where time-to-event analysis was used, outcomes were expressed as odds ratio with 95% CI. Continuous data were expressed as difference in means(MD) with 95% CI, and standardized mean difference(SMD) was used when different outcome scales were pooled.Results: Seven original studies, comprising a total of 732 adults, were included in this meta-analysis.Compared to SC alone, CHM plus SC had a superior effect on the change of symptom and sign score(-1.30 by SMD, 95% CI [-2.43, -0.16];3 studies;n = 261, P = 0.03), on inflammatory marker C-reactive protein(CRP, mg/L;-11.82 by MD, 95% CI [-17.95, -5.69];5 studies;n = 325, P = 0.0002),on number of patients with improved lung CT scans(1.34 by risk ratio, 95% CI [1.19, 1.51];4 studies;n = 489, P < 0.00001). No significant adverse events were recorded in the included RCTs.Conclusion: Current evidence shows that CHM, as an adjunct treatment with standard care, helps to improve treatment outcomes in COVID-19 cases. | Arthur Yin Fan Sherman Gu Sarah Faggert Alemi Research Group for Evidence-based Chinese Medicine | 2020 | Journal of Integrative Medicine2020，18，5： | 12 |
| 3 | Distribution of licensed acupuncturists and educational institutions in the United States in early 2015显示文摘In recent decades, acupuncture has been used more widely and extensively in the United States(U.S.).However, there have been no national surveys or analyses reported in academic journals on the number of practicing or licensed acupuncturists. This study was conducted to identify the approximate number of licensed acupuncturists active in 2015. The Board of Acupuncture or Board of Medicine in each state or U.S. territory was contacted to collect data. Online license information searching was also performed in order to get accurate numbers of licensed acupuncturists for those states in which a board was unable to be contacted. The study found that the number of licensed acupuncturists in 2015 in the U.S. was 34,481.Of this, more than 50% were licensed in three states alone: California(32.39%), New York(11.89%) and Florida(7.06%). The number of licensed acupuncturists increased 23.30% and 52.09%, compared to the year 2009(n = 27,965) and 2004(n = 22,671), respectively; increasing about 1,266 per year. There were62 and 10 accredited acupuncture institutions providing master and doctoral degrees, respectively. The West Coast comprised 51.39% of degree granting programs, while the East Coast comprised 29.17%;together the coastal states housed more than 80% of all programs, with the remainder sprinkled across the southern(9.72%), northern(8.33%), and the middle/central states(1.39%). Forty-four states and the District of Columbia regulated acupuncture practice by law at the time of data collection. Acupuncture continues to be a quickly growing profession in the U.S. | Arthur Yin Fan Sarah Faggert | 2018 | Journal of Integrative Medicine2018，16，1： | 7 |
| 4 | Discussions on real-world acupuncture treatments for chroni clow-back pain in older adults显示文摘Chronic low-back pain(CLBP) is one of the most common pain conditions. Current clinical guidelines for low-back pain recommend acupuncture for CLBP. However, there are very few high-quality acupuncture studies on CLBP in older adults. Clinical acupuncture experts in the American Traditional Chinese Medicine Association(ATCMA) were interested in the recent grant on CLBP research announced by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. The ATCMA experts held an online discussion on the subject of real-world acupuncture treatments for CLBP in older adults. Seven participants, each with more than 20 years of acupuncture practice, discussed their own unique clinical experience while another participant talked about the potential mechanism of acupuncture in pain management. As a result of the discussion, a picture of a similar treatment strategy emerged across the participants for CLBP in older adults. This discussion shows that acupuncture may have complicated mechanisms in pain management, yet it is effective for the treatment of chronic pain involving maladaptive neuroplasticity;therefore, it should be effective for CLBP in older adults. | Arthur Yin Fan Hui Ouyang Xinru Qian Hui Wei David Dehui Wang Deguang He Haihe Tian Changzhen Gong Amy Matecki Sarah Faggert Alemi | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Medicine2019，17，2： | 5 |
| 5 | Dr. Gene Bruno: The beginning of the acupuncture profession in the United States(1969–1979) — acupuncture, medical acupuncture and animal acupuncture显示文摘Acupuncture was practiced by both Western medical doctors[1,2]and Chinese medicine doctors[3,4]in the United States(U.S.)in the 19th century;however,after 1910,it seems that people seldom heard about it until it was re-introduced during the 1960s–1970s.Acupuncture legislation, | Arthur Yin Fan Sarah Faggert | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Medicine2015，13，5： | 3 |
| 6 | 论干针的培训与教育(英文)显示文摘干针是针灸的一种,因此,干针的从业人员必须遵守FDA和各州针灸管理委员会制定的法律。针灸的执业法律,包含了对执业人员基本的针灸教育要求。本文旨在研究美国从事针灸的三大类从业人员的针灸教育和培训背景。研究显示,执照针灸师在申请执照之前,必须在美国教育部授权的认证机构(如ACAOM)认证过的学校或课程班里学习至少1 905学时。西医医师,也就是西医针灸师,需要在美国医疗针灸董事局(ABMA)认可的针灸培训机构中学习至少300学时,并有500例临床针灸治案记录,才能得到医疗针灸的认可证书。而一些物理治疗师在周末继续教育学习班以干针的名义只接受20-30小时的针灸培训,从而涉足针灸,这种针灸教育背景显然存在严重不足。为了公众安全起见,理疗师应该在教育部认可的针灸学校或课程班接受正规的针灸教育,然后才能从事针灸。 | 樊蓥 蒋见元 faggert sarah 徐俊 | 2016 | World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion2016，26，2： | 2 |
| 7 | Decoding an Old 1907 Prescription of Dr.Ing Hay(“Doc Hay”):One of the Earliest Chinese Medicine Doctors in the United States显示文摘Objectives:Chinese medicine doctors have practiced in the United States since April of 1854,the world's first Chinese medicine doctor's memorial is Kam Wah Chung Museum in John Day,Oregon,U.S.,to commemorate Dr.Ing Hay(“Doc Hay”伍于念)and his business partner Lung On(梁光荣).There were few studies to explore Doc Hay's real practice and prescription,while most of papers focused on Doc Hay's legend life.This paper aims to analyze and interpret one of the intriguing herbal prescriptions that Doc Hay had hand-written.Materials and Methods:Dr.Arthur Yin Fan made an academic travel to Kam Wah Chung museum on August 5,2018 and examined the books and hand-written prescriptions of Doc Hay,which were not exhibited to the public at that time.This paper analyzes and interprets one of herbal prescriptions that Doc Hay had hand-written in 1907.Interpretation process included four steps:(1):Transform Doc Hay's hand-written prescription(with original herb names)to standard herb names in Chinese.(2):Induct and rearrange the herb name into groups based on herb property characteristics and then translate them into both PinYin names and English names.Analyzation of the prescription may include in what classic formula(s)routinely introduced in Chinese medicine textbooks.(3):Analyze the herbal action for each group and potential symptoms or conditions the patient may have had.An analysis of classic formula(s)used in the prescription may represent what clinical condition was being treated at that time.(4):Combine the analysis to give a comprehensive picture of the patient.Results:The prescription consists of 67 herbs,total 934.6 grams,and including Yin Qiao Powder(银翘散),Sang Ju Decoction(桑菊饮),Zhi Sou Powder(止嗽散),Qing Ying Decoction(清营汤),Xi Jiao Di Huang Decoction(犀角地黄汤),Long Dan Xie Gan Decoction(龙胆泻肝汤)and Chai Hu Shu Gan Powder(柴胡疏肝散).Speculation indicated that the prescription was for a patient who had obvious pulmonary infection accompanied by severe cough,and probably had prolonged pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)also with acute respiratory infection caused by other bacteria or viruses.Based on the analysis of composition of this prescription,it can be used for the treatment of epidemic diseases.Conclusion:The majority of herbs used in this prescription are commonly included in the herbal medicines in China used to effectively counter severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS),H1N1 and currently COVID-19,it might be Doc Hay's basic formula for patients with“Spanish Flu”during the 1918-1920 pandemic. | Arthur Yin Fan Louis Lei Jin Boling Huang Mingxia Yu Xiaoyin Zhao Sarah Faggert Alem | 2020 | Chinese Medicine and Culture2020，3，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Acupuncture price in forty-one metropolitan regions in the United States: An out-of-pocket cost analysis based on Ok Copay.com显示文摘Few studies have focused on the cost of acupuncture treatments although acupuncture has become popular in the United States(U.S.). The purpose of the current study was to examine the out-of-pocket costs incurred from acupuncture services based on an online website, Ok Copay.com. We examined descriptive statistics(range, median and 20% intervals) for the cost of acupuncture 'first-time visits'and 'follow-up visits' in 41 metropolitan regions in the U.S. The acupuncture prices of 723 clinics throughout 39 metropolitan regions were included, except for Birmingham, Alabama and Detroit, Michigan as there was no online data available at the time of the study for these two regions. The cost range for a first-time acupuncture visit was $15–400;the highest median was $150 in Charleston, South Carolina,while the lowest was $45 in St. Louis, Missouri. The top 10 cities for the highest median were:Baltimore, Washington, D.C., New York, San Francisco, San Jose, Boston, Atlanta, Seattle, Portland and Indianapolis, with the median $120, while the median for all 723 clinics was $112. For the follow-up visits,the cost range was $15–300;the highest median was $108 in Charleston, South Carolina, and the lowest$40 in Miami, Florida. The 10 cities with highest median follow-up acupuncture visit costs were: New York, Baltimore, New Orleans, Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, San Francisco, San Jose, Seattle, Boston and Atlanta, with the median $85, while for all 723 clinics the median price was $80. The estimation of the average gross annual income of each acupuncturist from the regions studied was $95,760, while the total annual cost of patients seeking acupuncture services in the U.S. was about $3.5 billion in 2018. | Arthur Yin Fan David Dehui Wang Hui Ouyang Haihe Tian Hui Wei Deguang He Changzhen Gong Jipu Wen Ming Jin Chong He Sarah Faggert Alemi Sudaba Rahimi | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Medicine2019，17，5： | 0 |
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