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| 1 | Liver fat content determined by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy显示文摘Hepatic steatosis as the most prevalent liver disorder can either be related to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In both conditions, hepatocytes excessively accumulate fatcontaining vacuoles within their cytoplasm, which is the key histological feature. In contrast to ALD, NAFLD is commonly associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity and insulin resistance. To determine increased liver fat content, liver biopsy is currently considered the gold standard. Besides the invasive technique, various other non-invasive techniques have been developed, such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based methods. Among these techniques, ultrasound and CT provide only qualitative information about hepatic steatosis, whereas MRS-or MRI-based methods are able to determine even small amounts of fat accurately. These non-invasive magnetic resonance techniques have already proven their great potential, especially in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies regarding various metabolic conditions and medical treatment regimens. In this review, the most common, non-invasive MRS/MRI techniques for assessment of intrahepatic lipid content are described with their inherent advantages and limitations. | Fabian Springer Jürgen Machann Claus D Claussen Fritz Schick Nina F Schwenzer | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，13： | 19 |
| 2 | Non-invasive assessment and quantification of liver steatosis by ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance显示文摘 | Nina F. Schwenzer Fabian Springer Christina Schraml Norbert Stefan Jürgen Machann Fritz Schick | 2009 | Journal of Hepatology2009，，3： | 4 |
| 3 | High Hepatic SCD1 Activity Is Associated with Low Liver Fat Content in Healthy Subjects under a Lipogenic Diet显示文摘 | Günther Silbernagel Marketa Kovarova Alexander Cegan Jürgen Machann Fritz Schick Rainer Lehmann Hans-Ulrich H?ring Norbert Stefan Erwin Schleicher Andreas Fritsche Andreas Peter | 2012 | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism2012，，12： | 3 |
| 4 | African Homo erectus: old radiometric ages and young Oldowan assemblages in the middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia 显示文摘 | Clark JD de Heinzelin J Schick | 1994 | Science1994，264，： | 2 |
| 5 | Technique of micrcoendoscopy inmedial lumbar hemiation显示文摘 | Schick U Dohnert J | 2002 | Minim Invasive Neurosurg2002，45，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Solitary pulmonary nodules:dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging-perfusion differences in malignant and benign lesions显示文摘 | Schaefer JF Volhnax J Schick F | 2004 | Radiology2004，232，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Microendoscopic Lumbar discectomy versus open surgery:an intraoperative EMG scudy显示文摘 | Schick V Dohnert J Richter A | 2002 | EUR Spine J2002，11，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Microendoscopic lumbar discectomy versus open surgery:an intraoperative EMG study 显示文摘 | Schick U Dohnert J Richter A | 2002 | Eur Spine J2002，11，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Radioeontrast-inducod DNA fragmentation of renal tubular cells in vitro: role of hypertonicity 显示文摘 | Hizoh I Strater J Schick CS | 1998 | Nephrel Dial Transplant1998，13，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Effects of a lifestyle intervention in metabolically benign and malign obesity 显示文摘 | Kantartzis K Machann J Schick F | 2011 | Diabetologia2011，54，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Management of meningiomas on plaque of the sphenoid wing 显示文摘 | Schick U Bleyen J Bani A | 2006 | J Neurosurg2006，104，2： | 1 |
| 12 | 7 cause anosmia 显示文摘 | Weiss J Pyrski M Jacobi E Bufe B Willnecker V Schick B et aL Loss-of-function mutations in sodi- um channel Nay1 | 2011 | Nature2011，472，7342： | 1 |
| 13 | A procedure for efficient bayesian reliability demonstration, presented to the operations research society of america显示文摘 | Schick G J Denas T M | 1972 | New Orleans Louisiana April1972，26，： | 1 |
| 14 | Bluefin tuna( Thunnus thynnus) distribution in relation to sea surface temperature fronts in the gulf of marine(1994 - 1996) 显示文摘 | SCHICK R S GOLDSTEN J LUTCAVAGE M E | 2004 | Fish Oceanogr2004，13，： | 1 |
| 15 | Emulsion stabilizing properties of pectin显示文摘 | Leroux J Langendorff V Schick G | 2003 | Food Hydrocolloids2003，17，： | 1 |
| 16 | Quantification of Pancreatic Lipomatosis and Liver Steatosis by MRI: Comparison of In/Opposed-Phase and Spectral-Spatial Excitation Techniques显示文摘 | Nina F. Schwenzer Jürgen Machann Petros Martirosian Norbert Stefan Christina Schraml Andreas Fritsche Claus D. Claussen Fritz Schick | 2008 | Investigative Radiology2008，，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Slice-selective fat saturation in MR angiography using spatial-spectral selective prepulses显示文摘 | Forster J Schick F Breuer J | 1998 | JMRI1998，8，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Histopathological aspects of Peyronie's disease显示文摘 | Bernhards J Schick V Rahle R | 2004 | Pathology Research and Practice2004，200，： | 1 |
| 19 | 1 Microendoscopic lumbar discectomy versus open surgery:an intraoperative EMG study显示文摘 | Schick U Dohnert J Richter A | 2002 | Eur Spine J2002，11，： | 1 |
| 20 | Microendoscopic lumbardiscectomy versus open surgery : An intraoperative EMG study 显示文摘 | Schick U Dohnert J Richter A | 2002 | Eur Spine J2002，11，： | 1 |
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