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| 1 | Rapid phenotypic evolution with shallow genomic differentiation during early stages of high elevation adaptation in Eurasian Tree Sparrows显示文摘Known as the‘third polar region’,the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau represents one of the harshest highland environments in the world and yet a number of organisms thrive there.Previous studies of birds,animals and humans have focused on well-differentiated populations in later stages of phenotypic divergence.The adaptive processes during the initial phase of highland adaptation remain poorly understood.We studied a human commensal,the Eurasian Tree Sparrow,which has followed human agriculture to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Despite strong phenotypic differentiation at multiple levels,in particular in muscle-related phenotypes,highland and lowland populations show shallow genomic divergence and the colonization event occurred within the past few thousand years.In a one-month acclimation experiment investigating phenotypic plasticity,we exposed adult lowland tree sparrows to a hypoxic environment and did not observe muscle changes.Through population genetic analyses,we identified a signature of polygenic adaptation,whereby shifts in allele frequencies are spread across multiple loci,many of which are associated with muscle-related processes.Our results reveal a case of positive selection in which polygenic adaptation appears to drive rapid phenotypic evolution,shedding light on early stages of adaptive evolution to a novel environment. | Yanhua Qu Chunhai Chen Ying Xiong Huishang She Yong E Zhang Yalin Cheng Shane DuBay Dongming Li Per G P Ericson Yan Hao Hongyuan Wang Hongfeng Zhao Gang Song Hailin Zhang Ting Yang Chi Zhang Liping Liang Tianyu Wu Jinyang Zhao Qiang Gao Weiwei Zhai Fumin Lei | 2020 | National Science Review2020，7，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Competency- Based Education and Training in Psychology 显示文摘 | SCOTT W SUMERALL SHANE J LOPEZ MARY E OEHLERT | | Charles C Thomas Publisher0，1415，： | 1 |
| 3 | A 10 year prospective study of primary hyperparathyroidism with or without parathyroid surgery显示文摘 | Silverberg SJ Shane E Tacobs TP | 1999 | N Engl J Med1999，341，17： | 1 |
| 4 | Chronic kidney disease and bone fracture : a growing concern 显示文摘 | Nickolas TL Leonard MB Shane E | 2008 | Kidney Int2008，74，6： | 1 |
| 5 | Endocrinedisrupting chemicals in a source water显示文摘 | Peggy Boefer Shane Snyder Bonald E Zegers | | 0，，08： | 1 |
| 6 | Organizational endowments and the performance of university start - ups 显示文摘 | Shane S Stuart T E | 2000 | Management Science2000，48，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Teriparatide or alendronate in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis显示文摘 | Saag K Shane E Boonen S | 2007 | N Engl J Med2007，357，： | 1 |
| 8 | Chronic kidneydisease and bone fracture: a growing concern 显示文摘 | Nickolas TL Leonard MB Shane E | 2008 | Kidney Int2008，74，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Shoot P status regulates cluster-root growth and citrate exudation in Lupinus albus grown with a divided root system 显示文摘 | Shane M W Vos M D E Roock S D E | 2003 | Plant Cell Environ2003，26，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Effects of daily treatment with parathyroid hormone on bone microarchitecture and turnover in patients with osteoporosis:a paired biopsy study显示文摘 | Dempster DW Cosman F Kurland ES Zhou H Nieves J Woelfert L Shane E Plavetic K Muller R Bilezikian J Lindsay R | | 0，，10： | 1 |
| 11 | Entrepreneurial motivation 显示文摘 | Shane S Locke E A Collins C J | 2003 | Human Resource Management Review2003，13，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Animal welfare in cross-ventilated,compost-bedded pack,and nat-urally ventilated dairy barns in the upper Midwest 显示文摘 | Lobeck K M Endres M I Shane E M | 2011 | Journal of Dairy science2011，94，11： | 1 |
| 13 | Clinical review 122:Parathyroid carcinoma显示文摘 | Shane E | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 14 | Relationship between moderate to severe kidney disease and hip fracture in the United States 显示文摘 | Nickolas TL McMahon D J Shane E | 2006 | J Am Soc Nephrol2006，17，11： | 1 |
| 15 | Parathyroid carcinoma:s review of 62 patients显示文摘 | Shane E Bilezikian JP | 1982 | Endocr Rev1982，3，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Clinical review 122 ~ Parathyroid carcinoma显示文摘 | Shane E | 2001 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab2001，86，48： | 1 |
| 17 | Organ transplantation and osteoporosis显示文摘 | Shane E Bilezikian J P | 1995 | Curr Opin Rheumatol1995，7，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Skeletal disease in Primary hyperparathyroidism显示文摘 | Silverberg SJ Shane E de la Cruz L | 1989 | J Bone Miner Res1989，4，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Tissue and cellular phosphorus storage during development of phosphorus toxicity in Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae)显示文摘 | Shane M W McCully M E Lambers H | 2004 | Journal of Experimental Botany2004，55，： | 1 |
| 20 | Teriparatide or alendronate in glucocorticoid - induced osteoporosis 显示文摘 | Saag KG Shane E Boonen S | 2007 | N Engl J Med2007，357，20： | 1 |
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