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| 1 | SURFACE STRESS EFFECT IN MECHANICS OF NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS显示文摘This review article summarizes the advances in the surface stress effect in mechanics of nanostructured elements,including nanoparticles,nanowires,nanobeams,and nanofilms,and heterogeneous materials containing nanoscale inhomogeneities.It begins with the fundamental formulations of surface mechanics of solids,including the definition of surface stress as a surface excess quantity,the surface constitutive relations,and the surface equilibrium equations.Then,it depicts some theoretical and experimental studies of the mechanical properties of nanostructured elements,as well as the static and dynamic behaviour of cantilever sensors caused by the surface stress which is influenced by adsorption.Afterwards,the article gives a summary of the analytical elasto-static and dynamic solutions of a single as well as multiple inhomogeneities embedded in a matrix with the interface stress prevailing.The effect of surface elasticity on the diffraction of elastic waves is elucidated.Due to the difficulties in the analytical solution of inhomogeneities of complex shapes and configurations,finite element approaches have been developed for heterogeneous materials with the surface stress.Surface stress and surface energy are inherently related to crack propagation and the stress field in the vicinity of crack tips.The solutions of crack problems taking into account surface stress effects are also included.Predicting the effective elastic and plastic responses of heterogeneous materials while taking into account surface and interface stresses has received much attention.The advances in this topic are inevitably delineated.Mechanics of rough surfaces appears to deserve special attention due to its theoretical and practical implications.Some most recent work is reviewed.Finally,some challenges are pointed out.They include the characterization of surfaces and interfaces of real nanomaterials,experimental measurements and verification of mechanical parameters of complex surfaces,and the effects of the physical and chemical processes on the surface properties,etc. | Jianxiang Wang Zhuping Huang Huiling Duan Shouwen Yu Xiqiao Feng Gangfeng Wang Weixu Zhang Tiejun Wang | 2011 | Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica2011，24，1： | 11 |
| 2 | Immunogenicity analysis following human immunodeficiency virus recombinant DNA and recombinant vaccinia virus Tian Tan prime-boost immunization显示文摘This study assessed and compared the immunogenicity of various immunization strategies in mice using combinations of recombinant DNA(pCCMp24) and recombinant attenuated vaccinia virus Tian Tan(rddVTT-CCMp24).Intramuscular immunization was performed on days 0(prime) and 21(boost).The immunogenicity of the vaccine schedules was determined by measuring human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-specific binding antibody levels and cytokine(interleukin-2 and interleukin-4) concentrations in peripheral blood,analyzing lymphocyte proliferation capacity against HIV epitopes and CD4 + /CD8 + cell ratio,and monitoring interferon-gamma levels at different times post-immunization.The results showed that pCCMp24,rddVTT-CCMp24 and their prime-boost immunization induced humoral and cellular immune responses.The pCCMp24/rddVTT-CCMp24 immunization strategy increased CD8 + T cells and induced more IFN-γ-secreting cells compared with single-shot rDNA.The prime-boost immunization strategy also induced the generation of cellular immunological memory to HIV epitope peptides.These results demonstrated that prime-boost immunization with rDNA and rddVTT-CCMp24 had a tendency to induce greater cellular immune response than single-shot vaccinations,especially IFN-γ response,providing a basis for further studies. | LIU CunXia DU ShouWen LI Chang WANG YuHang WANG MaoPeng LI Yi YIN RongLan LI Xiao REN DaYong QIN YanQing REN JingQiang JIN NingYi | 2013 | Science China(Life Sciences)2013，56，6： | 7 |
| 3 | Mathematical Model and Experiment Validation of Fluid Torque by Shear Stress under Influence of Fluid Temperature in Hydro-viscous Clutch显示文摘The current design of hydro-viscous clutch(HVC)in tracked vehicle fan transmission mainly focuses on high-speed and high power.However,the fluid torque under the influence of fluid temperature can not be predicted accurately by conventional mathematical model or experimental research.In order to validate the fluid torque of HVC by taking the viscosity-temperature characteristic of fluid into account,the test rig is designed.The outlet oil temperature is measured and fitted with different rotation speed,oil film thickness,oil flow rate,and inlet oil temperature.Meanwhile,the film torque can be obtained.Based on Navier-Stokes equations and the continuity equation,the mathematical model of fluid torque is proposed in cylindrical coordinate.Iterative method is employed to solve the equations.The radial and tangential speed distribution,radial pressure distribution and theoretical flow rate are determined and analyzed.The models of equivalent radius and fluid torque of friction pairs are introduced.The experimental and theoretical results indicate that tangential speed distribution is mainly determined by the relative rotating speed between the friction plate and the separator disc.However,the radial speed distribution and pressure distribution are dominated by pressure difference at the lower rotating speed.The oil film fills the clearance and the film torque increases with increasing rotating speed.However,when the speed reaches a certain value,the centrifugal force will play an important role on the fluid distribution.The pressure is negative at the outer radius when inlet flow rate is less than theoretical flow,so the film starts to shrink which decreases the film torque sharply.The theoretical fluid torque has good agreement with the experimental data.This research proposes a new fluid torque mathematical model which may predict the film torque under the influence of temperature more accurately. | CUI Hongwei YAO Shouwen YAN Qingdong FENG Shanshan LIU Qian | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2014，27，1： | 6 |
| 4 | Enhancement of precursor amino acid supplies for improving bacitracin production by activation of branched chain amino acid transporter BrnQ and deletion of its regulator gene lrp in Bacillus licheniformis显示文摘Bacitracin,a new type of cyclic peptide antibiotic,is widely used as the feed additive in feed industry.Branched chain amino acids(BCAAs)are the key precursors for bacitracin synthesis.In this research,soybean meal was served as the raw material to supply precursor amino acids for bacitracin synthesis,and enhanced production of bacitracin was attempted by engineering BCAA transporter BrnQ and its regulator Lrp in the bacitracin industrial production strain Bacillus licheniformis DW2.Firstly,our results confirmed that Lrp negatively affected bacitracin synthesis in DW2,and deletion of lrp improved intracellular BCAA accumulations,as well as the expression level of BCAA transporter BrnQ,which further led to a 14.71%increase of bacitracin yield,compared with that of DW2.On the contrary,overexpression of Lrp decreased bacitracin yield by 12.28%.Secondly,it was suggested that BrnQ acted as a BCAA importer in DW2,and overexpression of BrnQ enhanced the intracellular BCAA accumulations and 10.43%of bacitracin yield.While,the bacitracin yield decreased by 18.27%in the brnQ deletion strain DW2△brnQ.Finally,BrnQ was further overexpressed in lrp deletion strain DW2△lrp,and bacitracin yield produced by the final strain DW2△lrp::BrnQ was 965.34 U/mL,increased by 22.42%compared with that of DW2(788.48 U/mL).Collectively,this research confirmed that Lrp affected bacitracin synthesis via regulating the expression of BCAA transporter BrnQ and BCAA distributions,and provided a promising strain for industrial production of bacitracin. | Jiang Zhu Dongbo Cai Haixia Xu Ziwei Liu Bowen Zhang Fei Wu Junhui Li Shouwen Chen | 2018 | Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology2018，3，4： | 6 |
| 5 | A SIMPLE CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR FERROELECTRIC CERAMICS UNDER ELECTRICAL/MECHANICAL LOADING显示文摘一个简单现象学的模型为基于域切换是有装载的进步进化进程的事实的考虑描述铁电体材料的宏观的组成的反应被开发。域切换的卷部分作为一个内部变量被拿,它从域成核理论被导出。建议理论能模仿绝缘的磁滞现象,颠倒的蝴蝶磁滞现象,非线性的紧张压力磁滞现象,以及铁电体材料的电的排水量压力关系。它有试验性的结果和二个另外的理论模型的比较表明介绍的模型能很好预言铁电体的非线性的磁滞现象在下面电或机械装载。 | Yu Li Yu Shouwen Feng Xiqiao | 2007 | Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica2007，20，1： | 5 |
| 6 | A continuum theory of surface piezoelectricity for nanodielectrics显示文摘In this paper,a phenomenological continuum theory of surface piezoelectricity accounting for the linear superficial interplay between electricity and elasticity is formulated primarily for elastic dielectric materials.This theory is inspired by the physical idea that once completely relaxed,an insulating free dielectric surface will sustain a nontrivial spontaneous surface polarization in the normal direction together with a tangential self-equilibrated residual surface stress field.Under external loadings,the surface Helmholtz free energy density is identified as the characteristic function of such surfaces,with the in-plane strain tensor of surface and the surface free charge density as the independent state variables.New boundary conditions governing the surface piezoelectricity are derived through the variational method.The resulting concepts of charge-dependent surface stress and deformationdependent surface electric field reflect the linear electromechanical coupling behavior of nanodielectric surfaces.As an illustrative example,an infinite radially polarizable piezoelectric nanotube with both inner and outer surfaces grounded is investigated.The novel phenomenon of possible surface-induced polarity inversion is predicted for thin enough nanotubes. | PAN XiaHui YU ShouWen FENG XiQiao | 2011 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2011，54，4： | 5 |
| 7 | Natural and engineered bacterial outer membrane vesicles显示文摘Bacterial outer membrane vesicle(OMV)is a kind of spherical lipid bilayer nanostructure naturally secreted by bacteria,which has diverse functions such as intracellular and extracellular communication,horizontal gene transfei;transfer of contents to host cells,and eliciting an immune response in host cells.In this review,several methods including ultracentrifugation and precipNation for isolating OMVs were summarized.The latest progresses of OMVs in biomedical fields,especially in vaccine development,cancer treatment,infection control,and bioimaging and detection were also summarized in this review.We highlighted the importance of genetic engineering for the safe and effective application and in facilitating the rapid development of OMVs.Finally,we discussed the bottleneck problems about OMVs in preparation and application at present and put forward our own suggestions about them.Some perspectives of OMVs in biomedical field were also provided. | Guangchao Qing Ningqiang Gong Xiaohui Chen Jing Chen Hong Zhang Yongchao Wang Ruifang Wang Shouwen Zhang Zhen Zhang Xianxian Zhao Yang Luo Xing-Jie Liang | 2019 | Biophysics Reports2019，5，4： | 4 |
| 8 | QUASI-MICROMECHANICAL CONSTITUTIVE THEORY FOR BRITTLE DAMAGED MATERIALS UNDER TENSION显示文摘One of fundamental but difficult problems in damage mechanics is the formulation of the ef-fective constitutive relation of microcrack-weakened brittle or quasi-brittle materials under complex loading,especially when microcrack interaction is taken into account.The combination of phenomenological and mi-cromechanical damage mechanics is a promising approach to constructing an applicable damage model with afirm physical foundation.In this paper,a quasi-micromechanical model is preseted for simulating the con-stitutive response of microcrack-weakened materials under complex loading.The microcracking damage ischaracterized in terms of the orientation domain of microcrack growth(DMG)as well as a scalar microcrackdensity parameter.The DMG describes the complex damage and its evolution associated with microcrackgrowth,while the scalar microcrack density factor defining the isotropic magnitude of damage yields an easycalculation of the effects of microcrack interaction on effective elastic moduli. | Feng Xiqiao Yu Shouwen | 2001 | Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica2001，14，3： | 3 |
| 9 | Variation of Yellow River Runoff and Its Influence on Salinity in Laizhou Bay显示文摘Salinity in estuaries has an important influence on sediment deposition,delta formation,and fishery economy.The change of runoff in Yellow River(YR),which is the largest river along the Bohai Sea,has an important effect on the salinity of the sea,particularly in Laizhou Bay.In this study,measured runoff data in Lijin hydrological station from 1950 to 2018 are adopted to examine the change of YR runoff into the sea.The study concludes that the runoff of YR is distributed unevenly throughout the year and the amount of runoff mainly concentrates during the flood season.Results show a decreasing trend at a significant level ofα=0.95,with a range of−6.17×10^9 m^3 yr−1.Three groups of runoff are set by using the Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model numerical model to analyze the change of salinity in Laizhou Bay.These modeled effects were compared with water level observations made by Bayuquan,Tanggu,and Penglai gauge stations and salinity surveys conducted by Longkou gauge station.Model results and observations of salinity distributions and coastal water level showed good agreement.We can conclude that the distribution of salinity in Laizhou Bay is high in the east and low in the west.Furthermore,it responded quickly to the change of the runoff from YR.Under conditions of high river discharge,the low-salinity zone increased in horizontal direction and reached the bottom in vertical direction. | SHI Hongyuan LI Qingjie SUN Jiacheng GAO Guandong SUI Yi QIAO Shouwen YOU Zaijin | 2020 | Journal of Ocean University of China2020，19，6： | 3 |
| 10 | Evolution and monotonicity of eigenvalues under the Ricci flow显示文摘Let(M, g(t)) be a compact Riemannian manifold and the metric g(t) evolve by the Ricci flow. We derive the evolution equation for the eigenvalues of geometric operator-△φ+ c R under the Ricci flow and the normalized Ricci flow, where △φis the Witten-Laplacian operator, φ∈ C∞(M), and R is the scalar curvature with respect to the metric g(t). As an application, we prove that the eigenvalues of the geometric operator are nondecreasing along the Ricci flow coupled to a heat equation for manifold M with some Ricci curvature condition when c >14. | FANG ShouWen XU HaiFeng ZHU Peng | 2015 | Science China Mathematics2015，58，8： | 2 |
| 11 | Targeted nanoparticles for precise cancer therapy显示文摘Cancer has become one of the biggest challenges in the development of modern medical science. In particular, many problems, such as low efficiency, severe side effects, metastasis, and tumor invasion, challenge the development of precise cancer therapy. Continuous advancements in medicine, however, have allowed clear differentiation between tumors and normal tissues that can be exploited for cancer therapeutics. Unlike normal cells, tumor cells have an uncontrollable growth and are infinitely proliferative. These physical, chemical, and biological differences (e.g., metabolic states, high cell density, ability to grow in hypoxic and low pH conditions, and expression of different specific receptors/ ligands) may provide a new perspective for the development of cancer therapeutics. Traditional antitumor drugs have disadvantages, such as poor solubility, insufficient bioavailability in the body, numerous side effects, and development of chemoresistance, all of which greatly limit their therapeutic efficacy. | Jinjin Wang Yongchao Wang Ruifang Wang Shouwen Zhang Xiaoxuan Liu Xing-Jie Liang | 2019 | Science China(Life Sciences)2019，62，10： | 2 |
| 12 | Potential effects of subduction rate in the key ocean on global warming hiatus显示文摘In this study, the possible effects of subduction rate on global warming hiatus were investigated using Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA) data. This study first analyzed the characteristics of the temporal and spatial distribution of global subduction rate, which revealed that the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation region and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current region are the two main sea areas with great subduction variations.On this basis, four key areas were selected to explore the relationship between the local subduction rate and the global mean sea surface temperature. In addition, the reason for the variations in subduction rate was preliminarily explored. The results show good correspondence of the subduction of the key areas in the North Atlantic meridional overturning the circulation region and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current region to the global warming hiatus, with the former leading by about 10 years. The subduction process may be a physical mechanism by which the North Atlantic overturning circulation and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current act on the stagnation of global warming. Advection effect plays an important role in the variations in subduction in the key regions. In the Antarctic Circumpolar Current region, the magnitude of sea surface wind stress is closely related to the local changes in subduction. | CHEN Xingrong LIU Shan CAI Yi ZHANG Shouwen | 2018 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2018，37，3： | 2 |
| 13 | ON THE PLANE PIEZOELECTRIC PROBLEM OF A LOADED CRACK TERMINATING AT A MATERIAL INTERFACE显示文摘The plane problem of a crack terminating at the interface of a bimaterial piezoelectric,and loaded on its faces, is treated. The emphasis is placed on how to transform this problem into anon-homogeneous Hilbert problem. To make the derivation tractable, the concept of the axial conju-gate is introduced and related to the complex conjugate. The angle between the crack line and the inter-face may be arbitrary. Numerical results are given to illustrate the stress singularity at crack tip. | Qin Qinghua Yu Shouwen, Dept. of Eng. Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 | 1996 | Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica1996，9，2： | 2 |
| 14 | Enhanced production of poly-γ-glutamic acid via optimizing the expression cassette of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin in Bacillus licheniformis显示文摘Poly-γ-glutamic acid(γ-PGA)is a natural polymer with various applications,and its high-viscosity hinders ox-ygen transmission and improvement of synthesis level.Vitreoscilla hemoglobin(VHB)has been introduced into various hosts as oxygen carrier,however,its expression strength and contact efficiency with oxygen hindered efficient oxygen transfer and metabolite synthesis.Here,we want to optimize the expression cassette of VHB for γ-PGA production.Firstly,our results implied that γ-PGA yields were enhanced when introducing twin-arginine translocation(Tat)signal peptides(SP_(YwbN),SP_(PhoD) and SP_(TorA))into VHB expression cassette,and the best per-formance was attained by SP YwbN from Bacillus subtilis,theγ-PGA yield of which was 18.53% higher than that of control strain,and intracellular ATP content and oxygen transfer coefficient(K_(L)a)were increased by 29.71% and 73.12%,respectively,indicating that VHB mediated by SP YwbN benefited oxygen transfer and ATP generation forγ-PGA synthesis.Furthermore,four promoters were screened,and P vgb was proven as the more suitable promoter for VHB expression andγ-PGA synthesis,andγ-PGA yield of attaining strain WX/pPvgb-YwbN-Vgb was further increased to 40.59 g/L by 10.18%.Finally,WX/pPvgb-YwbN-Vgb was cultivated in 3 L fermentor for fed-batch fermentation,and 46.39 g/Lγ-PGA was attained by glucose feeding,increased by 49.26%compared with the initial yield(31.01 g/L).Taken together,this study has attained an efficient VHB expression cassette for oxygen transfer andγ-PGA synthesis,which could also be applied in the production of other metabolites. | Qing Zhang Yaozhong Chen Lin Gao Jian’gang Chen Xin Ma Dongbo Cai Dong Wang Shouwen Chen | 2022 | Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology2022，7，1： | 2 |
| 15 | Estimates and Monotonicity of the First Eigenvalues Under the Ricci Flow on Closed Surfaces显示文摘In the paper we first derive theevolution equation for eigenvalues of geomet-ric operator-ΔФ+cR under the Ricci flow and the normalized Ricci flow on a closed Riemannian manifold M,where,is the Witten-Laplacian operator,Ф∈C^(∞)(M),and R is the scalar curvature.We then prove that the first eigenvalue of the geometricoperator is nondecreasing along the Ricci flow on closed surfaces with certain curva-ture conditions when 0 | Shouwen Fang Liang Zhao Peng Zhu | 2016 | Communications in Mathematics and Statistics2016，4，2： | 2 |
| 16 | ANTIPLANE SHEAR FIELDS NEAR A CRACK-TIP IN A BRITTLE DAMAGED MATERIAL显示文摘In this paper,a simplified brittle damage model is proposed according to theMazars-Lemaitre damage model for concrete.A closed-form solution for a mode Ⅲ crack is obtainedbased on the simplified model under small scale damage conditions,which allows for discontinuities ofdisplacement-gradient and tangential stress on the damage boundary.It is pointed out that thediscontinuities of field variables near the tip region exist for the brittle damaged material induced by thesoftening effect of the material. | Jin Zhihe Yu Shouwen Hwang Kehchih(Department of Engineering Mechanics,Tsinghua University) The current address:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,Northern Jiaotong University,Beijng. | 1989 | Acta Mechanica Sinica1989，5，3： | 2 |
| 17 | Isolation of Halotolerant Bacillus licheniformis WX-02 and Regulatory Effects of Sodium Chloride on Yield and Molecular Sizes of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid显示文摘 | Xuetuan Wei Zhixia Ji Shouwen Chen | 2010 | Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology2010，，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Antiplane shear problem for a crack between two dissimilar piezoelectric materials显示文摘 | Chen Zengtao Yu Shouwen | 1997 | International Journal of Fracture1997，86，： | 1 |
| 19 | Analysis of modoe-I crack tip shielding by microcracking in brittle materials 显示文摘 | Feng Xiqiao Yu Shouwen | 1997 | Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology)1997，2，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Spectral and Spatial Decorrelation of Landsat-TM Data for Lossless Compression显示文摘 | Wang Jinfei Zhang Kaizhong Tang Shouwen | 1995 | Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing1995，33，5： | 1 |
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