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| 1 | Double-stranded DNA in exosomes: a novel biomarker in cancer detection显示文摘 | Basant Kumar Thakur Haiying Zhang Annette Becker Irina Matei Yujie Huang Bruno Costa-Silva Yan Zheng Ayuko Hoshino Helene Brazier Jenny Xiang Caitlin Williams Ruth Rodriguez-Barrueco Jose M Silva Weijia Zhang Stephen Hearn Olivier Elemento Navid Paknejad Katia Manova-Todorova Karl Welte Jacqueline Bromberg Hector Peinado David Lyden | 2014 | Cell Research2014，24，6： | 98 |
| 2 | Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Among a Largely Middle-Aged Population Utilizing Ultrasound and Liver Biopsy: A Prospective Study显示文摘 | Christopher D. Williams Joel Stengel Michael I. Asike Dawn M. Torres Janet Shaw Maricela Contreras Cristy L. Landt Stephen A. Harrison | 2011 | Gastroenterology2011，，1： | 20 |
| 3 | Light-absorbing Particles in Snow and Ice: Measurement and Modeling of Climatic and Hydrological impact显示文摘Light absorbing particles(LAP, e.g., black carbon, brown carbon, and dust) influence water and energy budgets of the atmosphere and snowpack in multiple ways. In addition to their effects associated with atmospheric heating by absorption of solar radiation and interactions with clouds, LAP in snow on land and ice can reduce the surface reflectance(a.k.a., surface darkening), which is likely to accelerate the snow aging process and further reduces snow albedo and increases the speed of snowpack melt. LAP in snow and ice(LAPSI) has been identified as one of major forcings affecting climate change, e.g.in the fourth and fifth assessment reports of IPCC. However, the uncertainty level in quantifying this effect remains very high. In this review paper, we document various technical methods of measuring LAPSI and review the progress made in measuring the LAPSI in Arctic, Tibetan Plateau and other mid-latitude regions. We also report the progress in modeling the mass concentrations, albedo reduction, radiative forcing, and climatic and hydrological impact of LAPSI at global and regional scales. Finally we identify some research needs for reducing the uncertainties in the impact of LAPSI on global and regional climate and the hydrological cycle. | Yun QIAN Teppei J.YASUNARI Sarah J.DOHERTY Mark G.FLANNER William K.M.LAU MING Jing Hailong WANG Mo WANG Stephen G.WARREN Rudong ZHANG | 2015 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2015，32，1： | 16 |
| 4 | 人类与自然耦合系统显示文摘人类与自然系统不断地相互作用促使人类与自然耦合系统(CHANS)的形成与发展。近期的研究揭示了人类与自然耦合系统在组织、空间以及时间上耦合的复杂性。这些耦合在相互作用方面从直接演化到更间接;在联结方面从邻近演化到更远距离;在尺度上,从局部演化到全球;在模式和过程上,从简单演化到复杂。解开如相互影响和突发属性的复杂性,能够导致新的科学发现,并且对于开发生态和社会经济可持续性的有效政策是非常重要的。以解决关于人类与自然耦合系统的基本问题和迎接社会的空前挑战为目的的,真正整合不同学科的机会正显现出来。 | 刘建国 Thomas Dietz Stephen R.Carpenter Carl Folke Marina Alberti Charles L.Redman Stephen H.Schneider Elinor Ostrom Alice N.Pell Jane Lubchenco William W.Taylor 欧阳志云 Peter Deadman Timothy Kratz William Provencher 张淑敏 | 2007 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2007，36，B12： | 13 |
| 5 | Transplantation of primary and reversibly immortalized human liver cells and other gene therapies in acute liver failure and decompensated chronic liver disease显示文摘Studies performed in experimental small animalswith hepatic-based metabolic disorders but nostructural liver disease,including Gunn andanalbuminaemic rats and rabbits with inherited low-density lipoprotein receptor deficiency,have shownthat up to 95% of hepatocytes transplanted into thespleen or liver remain in these sites,withimprovement in metabolic function | Stephen M.Riordan Roger Williams | 2000 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2000，6，5： | 13 |
| 6 | Assessment of widely used methods to derive depositional ages from detrital zircon populations显示文摘The calculation of a maximum depositional age(MDA)from a detrital zircon sample can provide insight into a variety of geological problems.However,the impact of sample size and calculation method on the accuracy of a resulting MDA has not been evaluated.We use large populations of synthetic zircon dates(N≈25,000)to analyze the impact of varying sample size(n),measurement uncertainty,and the abundance of neardepositional-age zircons on the accuracy and uncertainty of 9 commonly used MDA calculation methods.Furthermore,a new method,the youngest statistical population is tested.For each method,500 samples of n synthetic dates were drawn from the parent population and MDAs were calculated.The mean and standard deviation of each method ove r the 500 trials at each n-value(50-1000,in increments of 50)were compa red to the known depositional age of the synthetic population and used to compare the methods quantitatively in two simulation scenarios.The first simulation scenario varied the proportion of near-depositional-age grains in the synthetic population.The second scenario varied the uncertainty of the dates used to calculate the MDAs.Increasing sample size initially decreased the mean residual error and standard deviation calculated by each method.At higher n-values(>~300 grains),calculated MDAs changed more slowly and the mean resid ual error increased or decreased depending on the method used.Increasing the p roportion of near-depositional-age grains and lowering measurement uncertainty decreased the number of measurements required for the calculated MDAs to stabilize and decreased the standard deviation in calculated MDAs of the 500 samples.Results of the two simulation scenarios show that the most successful way to increase the accuracy of a calculated M DA is by acquiring a large number of low-uncertainty measurements(300300)approach is used if the calculation of accurate MDAs are key to research goals.Other acquisition method s,such as high-to moderate-precision measurement methods(e.g.,1%-5%,2σ)acquiring low-to moderate-n datasets(50300).Additionally,they are most susceptible to producing erroneous MDAs due to contamination in the field or laboratory,or through disturbances of the youngest zircon’s U-Pb systematics(e.g.,lead loss).More conservative methods that still produce accurate MDAs and are less susceptible to contamination or lead loss include:youngest grain cluster at 1σunce rtainty(YGC 1σ),youngest grain clusterat 2σuncertainty(YGC 2σ),and youngest statistical population(YSP).The ages calculated by these methods may be more useful and appealing when fitting calculated MDAs in to pre-existing chronostratigraphic frameworks,as they are less likely to be younger than the true depositional age.From the results of our numerical models we illustrate what geologic processes(i.e.,tectonic or sedimentary)can be resolved using MDAs derived from strata of different ages. | Daniel S.Coutts William A.Matthews Stephen M.Hubbard | 2019 | Geoscience Frontiers2019，10，4： | 12 |
| 7 | 声波测井新技术显示文摘自50年前问世以来,声波测井技术已经取得了长足进展。最新的声波测井技术能够提供迄今为止最高质量的数据,根据声波测量数据能够描述井眼周围和距离井眼数十英尺深地层的力学和流体特性。 | J.L.Arroyo Franco M.A.Mercado rtiz Gopa S.De Lasse Renlie Stephen williams | 2007 | 国外测井技术2007，22，2： | 8 |
| 8 | COMPOSITE SOFT SWITCHING CONFIGURATION FOR INVERTERS USING BRIDGE LEG MODULES显示文摘The use of either lossless snubbers or resonant zero voltage switching (ZVS) and zero current switching (ZCS) techniques can increase efficiency and reduce electromagnetic inter ference (EMI) and noise of industrial power equipment at high switching frequencies. This paper presents an adaptive composite soft switching configuration which combines snubber functions and resonant ZCS circuits for switches in inverters using power bridge leg modules. Simulation and experimental results are included. | He Xiangning Yang Yuwen (Dept of Electrical Eng., Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027)Kuang Sheng(Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.)Barry W. Williams Stephen J. Finney(Dept. of Computing & Electrical Eng., Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.) | 2001 | Journal of Electronics(China)2001，18，1： | 7 |
| 9 | Nationwide trends and predictors of inpatient mortality in 83884 transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt显示文摘AIM: To evaluate and validate the national trends and predictors of in-patient mortality of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS) in 15 years.METHODS: Using the National Inpatient Sample which is a part of Health Cost and Utilization Project, we identified a discharge-weighted national estimate of 83884 TIPS procedures performed in the United States from 1998 to 2012 using international classification of diseases-9 procedural code 39.1. The demographic, hospital and co-morbility data were analyzed using a multivariant analysis. Using multi-nominal logistic regression analysis, we determined predictive factors related to increases in-hospital mortality. Comorbidity measures are in accordance to the Comorbidity Software designed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.RESULTS: Overall, 12.3% of patients died during hospitalization with downward trend in-hospitalmortality with the mean length of stay of 10.8 ± 13.1 d. Notable, African American patients(OR = 1.809 vs Caucasian patients, P < 0.001), transferred patients(OR = 1.347 vs non-transferred, P < 0.001), emergency admissions(OR = 3.032 vs elective cases, P < 0.001), patients in the Northeast region(OR = 1.449 vs West, P < 0.001) had significantly higher odds of inhospital mortality. Number of diagnoses and number of procedures showed positive correlations with in-hospital death(OR = 1.249 per one increase in number of procedures). Patients diagnosed with acute respiratory failure(OR = 8.246), acute kidney failure(OR = 4.359), hepatic encephalopathy(OR = 2.217) and esophageal variceal bleeding(OR = 2.187) were at considerably higher odds of in-hospital death compared with ascites(OR = 0.136, P < 0.001). Comorbidity measures with the highest odds of in-hospital death were fluid and electrolyte disorders(OR = 2.823), coagulopathy(OR = 2.016), and lymphoma(OR = 1.842).CONCLUSION: The overall mortality of the TIPS procedure is steadily decreasing, though the length of stay has remained relatively constant. Specific patient ethnicity, location, transfer status, primary diagnosis and comorbidities correlate with increased odds of TIPS in-hospital death. | Edward Wolfgang Lee Andrew Kuei Sammy Saab Ronald W Busuttil Francisco Durazo Steven-Huy Han Mohamed M El-Kabany Justin P Mc Williams Stephen T Kee | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，25： | 7 |
| 10 | Next-Generation Stool DNA Test Accurately Detects Colorectal Cancer and Large Adenomas显示文摘 | David A. Ahlquist Hongzhi Zou Michael Domanico Douglas W. Mahoney Tracy C. Yab William R. Taylor Malinda L. Butz Stephen N. Thibodeau Linda Rabeneck Lawrence F. Paszat Kenneth W. Kinzler Bert Vogelstein Niels Chr. Bjerregaard S?ren Laurberg Henrik Toft S? | 2012 | Gastroenterology2012，，2： | 7 |
| 11 | Failed biliary cannulation: Clinical and technical outcomes after tertiary referral endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography显示文摘AIM: Prospective evaluation of repeat endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for failed Schutz grade 1 biliary cannulation in a high-volume center. METHODS: Prospective intention-to-treat analysis of patients referred for biliary cannulation following recent unsuccessful ERCP. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients (35 female; mean age: 62.5 years; age range: 40-87 years) with previous failed biliary cannulation were referred for repeat ERCP. The indication for ERCP was primarily choledocholithiasis (45%) or pancreatic malignancy (18%). Successful biliary can- nulation was 100%. The precut needle knife sphincterotomy (NKS) rate was 27.4%. Complications occurred in 3.9% (post-ERCP pancreatitis). An identif iable reason for initial unsuccessful biliary cannulation was present in 55% of cases. Compared to a cohort of 940 nave pa-pilla patients (female 61%; mean age: 59.9 years; age range: 18-94 years) who required sphincterotomy over the same time period, there was no statistical difference in the cannulation success rate (100% vs 98%) or postERCP pancreatitis (3.1% vs 3.9%). Precut NKS use was more frequent (27.4% vs 12.7%) (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Referral to a high-volume center following unsuccessful ERCP is associated with high technical success, with a favorable complication rate, compared to routine ERCP procedures. | Michael P Swan Michael J Bourke Stephen J Williams Sina Alexander Alan Moss Rick Hope David Ruppin | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，45： | 6 |
| 12 | Three global conditions for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use: an implementation framework显示文摘‘Nature and its vital contributions to people,which together embody biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services,are deteriorating worldwide’[1].The United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD)is intended to ensure conservation of biodiversity,its wise use,and sharing of benefits from use of genetic resources.Through it,the Strategic Plan(SP)for Biodiversity 2011-2020 was created to make progress toward a vision of humanity‘Living in Harmony with N ature’by 2050[2].W hen that vision is realized,biodiversity will be valued,conserved,restored,and wisely used,so it can maintain ecosystem services and sustain a healthy planet. | Harvey Locke Erie C.Ellis Oscar Venter Richard Schuster Keping Ma Xiaoli Shen Stephen Woodley Naomi Kingston Nina Bhola Bernardo B.N.Strassburg Axel Paulsch Brooke Williams James E.M.Watson | 2019 | National Science Review2019，6，6： | 6 |
| 13 | Optimization of transit total bus stop time models显示文摘Several factors influence bus transit reliability which includes bus stop conditions along the route,traffic conditions,route of travel and time of day.The overall transit bus reliability is generally affected by dwell time(DT),the fare payment method,the bus stop location,and the number of passengers alighting or boarding.A new variable is defined in this study,total bus stop time(TBST),which is the summation of DT and the time it takes a bus to effectively park at a bus stop and the re-entering the traffic stream.It is suggested that the overall bus transit reliability along routes could be improved if the TBST is minimized at bus stops.In this study,TBST models for bus stops located at mid-blocks and near intersections were developed based on multivariate regression analysis using ordinary least squares method.Data collection was conducted at 60 bus stops,30 of which were near intersections and 30 at mid-blocks,in Washington DC during morning,mid-day and evening peak hours.The variables observed at each bus stop are as follows:number of passengers alighting or boarding,DT,TBST,bus stop type,bus pad,length number of lanes on approach to the bus stop,and permitted parking.Statistical inferences were based on 5%level of significance.From the results,it was inferred that the new variable,TBST,could potentially be used to improve scheduling and transit bus systems planning in a dense urban area. | Stephen Arhin Errol Noel Melissa F.Anderson Lakeasha Williams Asteway Ribisso Regis Stinson | 2016 | Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition)2016，3，2： | 5 |
| 14 | Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Among a Largely Middle-Aged Population Utilizing Ultrasound and Liver Biopsy: A Prospective Study显示文摘 | Christopher D. Williams Joel Stengel Michael I. Asike Dawn M. Torres Janet Shaw Maricela Contreras Cristy L. Landt Stephen A. Harrison | 2011 | Gastroenterology2011，，1： | 5 |
| 15 | Two decades of variable retention in British Columbia: a review of its implementation and effectiveness for biodiversity conservation显示文摘Stand-level retention is an important component of sustainable forest management which aims to balance ecological,social and economic objectives.Long-term retention of mature forest structures at the time of harvesting(variable retention)is intended to produce future forest stands that more closely resemble conditions that develop after natural disturbances,thereby maintaining greater diversity of habitats for a variety of organisms.Structure includes features such as live and dead trees representing multiple canopy layers,undisturbed understory vegetation and coarse woody debris.Over the past two decades,variable retention has become common on forest lands in the temperate rainforests of coastal British Columbia(BC)and has been applied to a lesser extent in inland forest types.Our review of studies in BC and in similar forest types in our region indicates that both aggregated and dispersed retention can contribute to biodiversity conservation by providing short-term‘life-boating’habitat for some species and by enhancing the structural characteristics of future stands.For example,greater abundance of species present in the pre-harvest forest have been documented for vegetation,birds,carabid beetles,gastropods,ectomycorrhizal fungi and soil fauna in retention cutblocks compared to clearcuts.There are,however,some negative consequences for timber production such as wind damage to retained trees and reduced growth rates of tree regeneration compared to clearcuts.The authors suggest an adaptive management approach for balancing competing objectives when faced with uncertainty.This includes monitoring the implementation and effectiveness of various strategies for achieving goals.Over two decades of experience applying variable retention harvesting to industrial-scale management of forest lands in BC suggests that it is possible to balance production of wood with biodiversity conservation. | William J.Beese John Deal B.Glen Dunsworth Stephen J.Mitchell Timothy J.Philpott | 2019 | Ecological Processes2019，8，1： | 5 |
| 16 | The Stool DNA Test Is More Accurate Than the Plasma Septin 9 Test in Detecting Colorectal Neoplasia显示文摘 | David A. Ahlquist William R. Taylor Douglas W. Mahoney Hongzhi Zou Michael Domanico Stephen N. Thibodeau Lisa A. Boardman Barry M. Berger Graham P. Lidgard | 2012 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2012，，3： | 4 |
| 17 | Human Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Monoclonal Antibody (Adalimumab) in Crohn’s Disease: the CLASSIC-I Trial显示文摘 | Stephen B. Hanauer William J. Sandborn Paul Rutgeerts Richard N. Fedorak Milan Lukas Donald MacIntosh Remo Panaccione Douglas Wolf Paul Pollack | 2006 | Gastroenterology2006，，2： | 4 |
| 18 | Genetic Risk Factors for Post-Infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome Following a Waterborne Outbreak of Gastroenteritis显示文摘 | Alexandra–Chloé Villani Mathieu Lemire Marroon Thabane Alexandre Belisle Geneviève Geneau Amit X. Garg William F. Clark Paul Moayyedi Stephen M. Collins Denis Franchimont John K. Marshall | 2010 | Gastroenterology2010，，4： | 4 |
| 19 | Risk factors and natural history of breast cancer in younger Chinese women显示文摘AIM: To investigate the age differences in the risk factors, clinicopathological characteristics and patterns of treatment of female breast cancer patients. METHODS: Seven thousand one hundred and fiftytwo women with primary breast cancer from the Hong Kong Breast Cancer Registry were recruited after receiving patients' consent, they were asked to complete standardized questionnaires which captured their sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors associated with breast cancer development. Among them, clinicopathological data and patterns of treatment were further collected from medical records of 5523 patients with invasive breast cancers. Patients were divided into two groups according to the age at diagnosis: younger(< 40 years old) vs older patients(≥ 40 years old) for subsequent analyses.RESULTS: Analysis on the sociodemographic characteristics and exposure to risk factors were performed on 7152 women with primary breast cancer and the results revealed that younger patients were more likely to have unhealthy lifestyles; these include a lack of exercise(85.4% vs 73.2%, P < 0.001), having high stress in life(46.1% vs 35.5%, P < 0.001), having dairy/meat-rich diets(20.2% vs 12.9%, P < 0.001),having alcohol drinking habit(7.7% vs 5.2%, P = 0.002). Younger patients were also more likely to have hormone-related risk factors including nulliparity(43.3% vs 17.8%, P < 0.001) and an early age at menarche(20.7% vs 13.2%, P < 0.001). Analyses on clinicopathological characteristics and patterns of treatment were performed on 5523 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. The invasive tumours in younger patients showed more aggressive pathological features such as having a higher percentage of grade 3 histology(45.7% vs 36.5%, P < 0.001), having a higher proportion of tumours with lymphovascular invasion(39.6% vs 33.2%, P = 0.003), and having multifocal disease(15.7% vs 10.3%, P < 0.001); they received different patterns of treatment than their older counterparts.CONCLUSION: Younger patients in Hong Kong are more likely to encounter risk factors associated with breast cancer development and have more aggressive tumours than their older counterparts. | Winnie Yeo Hang-Mei Lee Amy Chan Emily YY Chan Miranda CM Chan Keeng-Wai Chan Sharon WW Chan Foon-Yiu Cheung Polly SY Cheung Peter HK Choi Josette SY Chor William WL Foo Wing-Hong Kwan Stephen CK Law Lawrence PK Li Janice WH Tsang Yuk Tung Lorna LS Wong Ting-Ting Wong Chun-Chung Yau Tsz-Kok Yau Benny CY Zee | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，5： | 4 |
| 20 | <ce:link locator='fx1'/> Adalimumab for Maintenance of Clinical Response and Remission in Patients With Crohn’s Disease: The CHARM Trial显示文摘 | Jean–Frédéric Colombel William J. Sandborn Paul Rutgeerts Robert Enns Stephen B. Hanauer Remo Panaccione Stefan Schreiber Dan Byczkowski Ju Li Jeffrey D. Kent Paul F. Pollack | 2007 | Gastroenterology2007，，1： | 4 |
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